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1 Aug Studies in Qing History No13 3 [ ],, 14,, 5 60,, [] [] K24912 [] A [ ] (2003) The Basic Contents and Framework of Ferdinand Verbiest πs Thorough Inquiry into Physics ( Qiongli xue) Ferdinand Verbiestπs Thorough Inquiry into Physics was a comprehensive record of the intellectual exchange between China and the West during the late Ming and the early Qing1 Unfortunately, only fragments of this work have survived1 Through an analysis of the conceptual organization, editorial style, and extant remnants, this paper suggests that the book included six major topics : logic, methodology and metaphysics, mathematics, astronomy, measurements, biology and medicine, which were divided into sixty volumes (juan) 1 Among the notable features of this work were its abandonment of the natural theology of Aristotelian philosophy and its integration with Chinese natural sciences (gezhi), and its total re2 liance on deductive reasoning1 The book reflects the general state of the field of studies, known in the late Ming and the early Qing as investigating natural phenomena and their principles1 60 ( Ferdinand Verbiest, , ), 1683 ( ),,,,, :, :, [ ] [ ] (1967 ),,, ;

2 ,,,,,,, 14,, Dunyn - Szpot (1700) ( Louis Aloys Pfister, ) Dunyn - Szpot :,,,,,,,, 1939,, daert) (Ad Dudink) (Nogl, ( Henri Bernaed, ) ( ) : ( ),, Universitde Coimbre,,, :,,,, ( 360 ) (316 ) (363 ) (364 ) (362 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (Nicolas Stan2 Golvers),, 1999,,,, : 74,,

3 gλϖ,,,,?, :, ;, ;, ( ) ( ) Furtado, , ) ( Francisco : (), : ; ;,,,, gλω,, (),, :, gλξ 1627 ( ),,,,, ( ), gλψ : 1) : ; 2) :, () ; 3) : ; 4) : gλζ,,, 1683 ( ), :,,, gλ{ :,,,,, gλ :,, gλ},, ;,, gλ,, ( Metaphysica, ) ( theologia, ), gµυ :,,,, gµϖ 75

4 :, () : (Dialectica, ) (Logica, ) :, (Ethica, ) (Oeconomica, ) ( Politica, ) : ( Grammar, ) (Rhetoric, ) : (Physica, ) : ( Medicina) : (Geometria, ) ( ( Mathematica, Arithmatica, ) ) : (Perspectiva, ) (Musica, ) ( Astronomia, ) ( Theologia, ) : (Metaphysica, ),, :,,,,, gµω, ( ) :,,,,,, gµξ gµψ :,, : (),,,,,,,, 60 76, ( ), :,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, gµζ : 1),,

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6 , 7, () (),,, : 1-5 ; 1-5 ;6 8 9 ; 7 1, : ( ) () ; ( ),, :,,, gνξ,, 1, ; ,,,,,,,,,,,, : Con2 imbricenses, ( ),, gνψ, : 16-17,, 1 1, : (praedicabili2 a) Commentarii Collegii Conimbri2 : censis S1J1 in Universam Dialecti2 cam Aristotelis (Coimbra, 1606) (genus) (species) (differentia) (proprium) (accidens) ; ( ) (proposotio) (terminus) ( de conversione absolutarum propo2 sitionum) Analytica Priora in Universam Di2 alecticam Aristotelis ( Coimbra, 1606) Ibid1 cap11, quaestio 1-2 Ibid1 cap12, quaestio 1-2 Ibid1 cap13, quaetio 1-3 Ibid1 cap14,5,6,7, quaestio 1-2 Ibid1 cap

7 ff1 1a - 10a : (combined quantity) ( ) ff110b - 15b : (infinity) ( ) ff116a - 27b : ( mathematical in2 finity) ( ) ff128a - 41b : (place) ( ) ff142a - 45a : ( vacuity) ( ff145b - 51 : (time) 3 ( ) ff152 - (57) :( movement) ( ) Cap16 of In Universam Dialecti2 cam III, cap15-7 of Commentarii Collegii Conimbricensis Societatis Jesu In octo libros Physicorum Aristotelis Ibid1, III, cap18 Ibid1,IV,cap11-5 Ibid1,IV,cap16-9 Ibid1,IV,cap Ibid1, III, cap11-2 and V, cap11-4 ff11a - 2b :,3 ff13a - 8b :, 14 ff19a - 10a : ; ( 14 ),,ff128-30a ) ff111b - 15b : ( pulley ) ( gear2 wheel) (screw) ff116a - 31b :(ballistics) ff :(pendulum) ff11a - 5a : : ; : : ( 1674,,,ff141a - 47b,f130,ff12-7a ff15b - 9a :,ff17b - 13 ff19b - 11b :; ff112a :,ff114-16,ff119 ff112b - 16b :,ff ff117a - 23b :,ff ff124a - 25a : 79

8 ff125b - 27b : ff :,9 ff :,3 : ( 2, 1672 ),ff136-40, ff11 ff : ;: (1633 ) ff149b - 53a : ff153b - 55 :() : : ff11a - 14b :, ff115a - 41a :,84 (, ) :, A1 Dudink & N1 Stan2 daert,ferdinand Verbiestπs Qiongli Xue, in Nogl Golvers ed1, The Christian Mission in China in the Verbiest Era : Some Aspects of the Missionary Approach, pp ff147-57, 3 3,,, A1 Dudink & N1 Standaert,Ferdinand Verbiestπs Qiongli Xue 3 3 3,,,, 1), :,,,,, gνζ 2),, ( ),,, 80 3),,,, : gν{,,,

9 ( ),, (Universitde Conimbre) In Universam Dialecticam Aristotlelis Stagiritae Nunc Primum in Germania in lucenediti ( ) 1611 ( Coloniae Agrip2 pinae, Apud Bernardvm, 1611 ) 1943 ( ), Interpretatione ( ),, 5, , Interpretatione (), 5 gν,,,, ;,,, 30 5,, : 30,,,,, Interpreta2 tione () De Syllogismo (, ) De Demonstrafione (, ) (De Syllogismo),, ,, 25, :,,, gν 5,,, 9, 7,, :,,,, :, gου : 2 ; 1 1 gοϖ,,, 5 5,,,, 81

10 , 4,, 2, : 1), 2), 3), 4) ( ),,, ; 1-5 ; 1 ; 2 ; 13 0 ( ) , ( ) ( 60 14, ) : 5 5,, 5,10, 4,3, ( ) (, ) The author thanks for the financial sup2 port from the China - Portugal Center for History of Sci2 ences1 :,, :,1989,190 ( ) :: :, :, (), :,1984, 1104, :,,, 82,,,,,, :,,Vol17 (1988), No12, :Catherine Jami,The French Mission and Ferdinand Verbiestπs Scientific Legacy, in John W1 Witek ed1, Ferdinand Verbiest ( ) Jesuit Missionary, Sci2 entist, Engineer and Diplomat, Nettetal : Steyler Verlag 1994, pp Dunyn - Szpot, : Nogl Golvers,Verbiestπs Introduction of Aristoteles Lat2 inus ( Coimbra) in China : New Western Evidence, in

11 Nogl Golvers ed1, The Christian Mission in China in the Verbiest Era : Some Aspects of the Missionary Approach, Leuven : Leuven University Press 1999, pp :,, :, 1995, 356, : :, Henri Bernard,Les adaptations chinoises dπouvrages europ ens : bibliographie chronologique, Monumenta Serica 10 (1945), p1381, no15331 :, Cours de Philosophie :, 193 :,, 356, : Henry Cordier, LπImprimerie Sino - Europeene en Chine : Bibliographie des ouvrages puli s en Chine par les europ ens au XV IIe et au XV III si cle, Paris : Leroux, Nogl Golvers,Verbiestπs Introduction of Aristoteles Latinus (Coimbra) in China : New Western Evidence, in Nogl Golvers ed1, The Christian Mission in China in the Verbiest Era : Some Aspects of the Missionary Approach, pp A1 Dudink Verbiestπs Qiongli Xue, in Nogl & N1 Standaert, Ferdinand Golvers ed1, The Christian Mission in China in the Verbiest Era : Some As2 pects of the Missionary Approach, pp gλϖ:,, :, 1999, :,, , gλω:,, : 1981, gλξ : ;,,,,,,,,, gλψ,,,,, ;,, gλζ; : ; ;,,,,,,, : : 1500, gλ{:,, 191 gλ gρζ:,, gλ}:,, gλ :, 6b - 9a : Nicolas Standaert,The Classification of Science and the Jesuit Mission in Late Ming China, Jan A1 M1 De Meyer and Peter M1 Engelfriet ed1, Lined Faiths : Essays on Chinese Religions and Traditional Culture in Honour of Kristofer Schipper, Brill 2000, pp gµυ,,,,,,,, 83

12 gµϖ:, 9a gµω : 1959, 12, :, gµξ:, 13b gµψ :, 20 gµ{,, 1987, 788, :,, :, 1983 gµ,, :, 1974, 543 gµ} [] :, : 2000, gµ gνυ gνω:,, 192 gνϖ(ulrich Libbrecht) :, (), ( Giulio Aleni) ;,, : :, (John W1 Witek) : ( ), :, 2001, 49-50, gνξ:,, 356 gνψ : A1 Dudink & N1 Standaert,Ferdinand Ver2 biestπs Qiongli Xue, in Nogl Golvers ed1, The Christian Mission in China in the Verbiest Era : Some Aspects of the Missionary Approach, p1211 gνζ :, 8 :, 3a gν{m1 Henry Cordier,Limprimerie Sino - Europeene en Chine Bibliographie, Limprimerie Sino - Europeene en Chine Parles Europeens au XV II et All XV Siecle, Paris : Leroux, : :,, 356 ( ) : : ; ( ) gν :,, : ( ), :,,,, ( ),,, ( ), :,, 1639 () :, :, :, 1966, gν} 5 5, 5, 1932 () ( Pelliot) (), ( ) , 10, :, gν :, 3a gου:,, 356, gοϖ : 2 ; : 1 1, 84

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