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友鞍讷殷富察
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2007 8 Aug12007 3 Studies in Q ing H istory No13 3 [ ],,, [] [ ] K249 [ ] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2007) - 03-0073 - 14 The Tem pora l Character istics of Border Trad ing A long the Grea tw a ll dur ing Q

1 Aug Studies in Q ing H istory No13 3 [ ],,, [] [ ] K249 [ ] A [ ] (2007) The Tem pora l Character istics of Border Trad ing A long the Grea tw a ll dur ing Q ing D yna sty Addressing the lack of in - dep th academ ic research on the status of the Great W all in the Q ing Dynasty and border trading along the GreatW all during Q ing Dynasty, this paper compares the mutual trading during the M ing dynasty with the border trading along the Great W all during Q ing Dynasty1 The essay p rovides a p relim inarily exp loration of the reasons, special characteristics, adm inistration, and the nature of border trading along the GreatW all during Q ing Dynasty, with a view to enhance awareness of the p roblem1,,,,,, :,, ;,,,,,,,,,, [ ] [ ] (1964 ),, ;

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13 ( ),, : (1) ; (2) ; ( 3); ( 4) ; (5) ; (6) ; (7) ; ( 8) ; ( 9) ; ( 10) (, 38, (2) ) gλζ 477, 27-28, gλ{ 77,, gλ 993, gλ} 20, gλ 15 gµυ gµϖ gµω 15 gµξ 2, gµψ, ,,,,,,,, ( ) gµζ, , 2003 gµ{, gµ 35, 11-12, ; 26, gµ} 26, 5076 gµ, gνυ gνϖ 161 ; gνω, 2007; 354, gνξ,( ) gνψ 422, gνζ:, ;, ;, ( 40),,,,( 2 ) ;, ( 83), ( 500) gν{ gρ gσυ, 241, gν 92, gν} 129, gν gοξ 8 gου 382, 1987 gοϖ 422, gοω 452, gοψ, gοζ 463, gο{,,,, ( ) gο,,30,,, 10, , 500,, 40 60,, 500, 200,, (, ) gο}, gο 4 gπυ 12 gπϖ ( ) 58, 2803 gπω 232, 11-12, gπξ 31, 34-35, gπψ :,, ;,, 230, 7887 gπζ gθϖ gθ 8 gπ{ ( ) 28, 85

14 9 501 gπ 13 gπ} 3 gπ, 17 4 gθϖ, gθω 170, gθξ 317, gθψ 452, gθζ, gθ{, gθ} ( ) :,,,,,,, gθ 4, : :,,,,,, :,,,, ( ), 442 gρυ 130 gρϖ 129 gρω 5, gρξ,, 1981 gρψ, ,, gρζ 5 gρ 107, gρ} 21, (66), 666 gσυ 13,,,,,, ( ) gσϖ gτ} 33, gσω 33, gσξ 10 gσψ 4 gσζ 4 gσ{ 1 gσ,,,, gσ} gτψ:, http: / / ingxia. mofcom. gov. ch /column /p rint. shtm /? / / gτυ 1 244, 101 gτϖ 34 gτω 5 gτξ 2, gτζ :, :,?,,,, gτ{, gτ, gτ 10, 46 gβκυ 26, 3026 gβκϖ, 8 86

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,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 31 2003 8 Aug12003 3 Studies in Qing History No13 [],,,, (1748), [ ] [] K249 [] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2003) - 03-0030 - 13 The Demand for Grain and the Rise of Agriculture in Inner Mongolia in the early Qing Dynasty