,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 (83 ),(), ( ), 33, ( ), ,,,,,,,,,,

,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,?,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,: ;;,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 126

2002 1 :,,,,, :;; ; : E295. 2 : E : (2002) 01-0125 - 136,,,, :,, 20,,,,,:,,,,,,,, 125 ,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,?,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,: ;;,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 126 2002

(557) (560),,, (561) (563) (565), ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (569),,,,, (580) (580),,,, gλϖ 2) ( 563),,,, (, 3 ) ( 565 ),, (, 1),,, (, 2) ( 580),, U,, (, 3)

20081 ( ),,, ( ),,, ( ),,,,,,, 12, (529) (, 1) (537) (, 2) (548) (, 1),,,,,,, ( ) :,,,, gλω,,,,, gλξ 1. (529) 2. (537) ( 2001 10 ) ( 560),,,,, (, 1), ( 561 ),, (, 91 (557) (560),,, (561) (563) (565), (

,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 600, 500,,,,,,,,,, (1894 ), 10, 6 3.,,, gλυ, ;, ; ;,,,,, 4.,, gλϖ,,, :,,, gλω,,,, 5., 300, 1300, :,,,, :, 53

1998 1 29,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, : 1.,,,, 20, 600, 500,,,, 52 ,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 600, 500,,,,,,,,,, (1894 ), 10, 6 3.,,, gλυ, ;, ; ;,,,,, 4.,, gλϖ,,, :,,, gλω,,,, 5., 300, 1300, :,,,, :, 53 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

( 52 ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, [ 1 ] [ 2 ], [ 3 ] [ 1 ] : [ 2 ] : 10,, :,,,, [ 2 ] : :,,,, :,,,,

(, 741001) :,,,,,,,,,,, : : G25611 : A : 1001-6252 (2006) 02-0065 - 15,, (880 ), (956 ), 77,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, : 736 15, 4 ;, : 2005-12 - 24 : (1964 - ),,,, 65 2006 2 ( 52 ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

133,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ),,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

132 :,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 133,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ),,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 134 2003 3,,,,,,, :,,,, :,, T O :, T,,,,,,,,, 135,,, :,,,,, :,,,,,,,, 8, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,? 136 2003 3 :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

2010 2,,,,,,, 1999, , ( [ 1999 ]23 ),,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!,,,,,,,, ,, (, ), ,,,,,,,, 1992 :,,,,,,,, :, ,,,, 6

3,,, 1990,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 11, :,, ;,,,,,,, 21,, : 3, [ ] :,, 1984 4, 27 5 2010 2,,,,,,, 1999, 1999 11, ( [ 1999 ]23 ),,,,, 2004 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!,,,,,,,, 1993 1,, (, ), 1990 1,,,,,,,, 1992 :,,,,,,,,

,,,,, 48,110,680, 14,318,350,, 30 %,,,, ;, (1704) :, 1, 8, 6,,,,,,,, 2, 1 6, 1 2,,, 3, 2, 1 6,,, :, 2 ;, 1 8 ;, 1 6 ;, 1 4 ;, 1 2 ;, 1 ;, 5 ;, 2 5 ;,

2004 8 Aug12004 3 Studies in Qing History No13 [],,,,,, [ ] [] K249 [] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2004) - 03-0041 - 12 Disaster Defense and Reduction Policies in the Qing Dynasty Throughout the ages Chinese society

8 20,,,,, 1990,, 1989, ;, ,,, 1989, 1980,, :, 1990, ,,,, ;,, 1992,,, 1980,, 1980,,, 1980, 1990, 1980,,,, / /, ( ) ;, 1980,

20 7 : 1994 ( 86 ), 1997 5 ( Social Text) 55,,,,,,, 11? 1989, :, :, 20 10, 1990 :, 1989 1970,,, ( ) 1980 :, ;, 8 20,,,,, 1990,, 1989, ;, 1970 1990,,, 1989, 1980,, :, 1990, 1989 1980,,,, ;,, 1992,,, 1980,,

( 54 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, P13636,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2

(, 730020) :,,,,,,,,, : : K879141 : A : 1001-6252 (2006) 04-0001 - 23,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, : 2006-08 - 10 : (1956 ),,,,, 1 2006 4 ( 54 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, P13636,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

: : ; : 11

2009 2 1 The Qing History Journal Feb. 2009 No11 [ ] [ ] [ ] K248 [ ] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2009) - 01-0010 - 11 Concepts and Expressions in the Xing2Ye Narratives in the Local Chronicles of Guizhou Province

,?,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, :,,,,,,?,,,,, : ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),! :,,,,,,,, 2002, ( ) :, 1

122 :,,,,,,,, : ; ; : DF90 : A : 1673-8330 (2009) 03-0122 - 12 :,,, 2007,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,, 70,?,,,,, :,,, :,,,, ;,,,,,,, [ ],, ( ) :,, 1983, 206, :, 2003 233, 2009 3 123,?,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,

,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :?,,, :,,?,,,,,,,,,,,(ju2 ristische Handlungen) :?,,,, (1910 ),?, :,2000,306 []:( ),412, :,1994,125 1,,273,303 2,,115,( ) ( ) ;, 1,,302

Ξ :,,,, :, :,,,,,,,,,,, :? :,?? 54,,,,, Ξ, 14 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :?,,, :,,?,,,,,,,,,,,(ju2 ristische Handlungen) :?,,,, (1910 ),?, :,2000,306 []:( ),412, :,1994,125 1,,273,303 2,,115,( ) ( ) ;, 1,,302 Verwaltungsakt,

,,,,,, 17,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1789,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, ;,, ;, (), See L. Ray Patterson, Stanley W. Lindberg, The Nat ure of Copyright : A L aw of U

Ξ :, ;,, :,80,, ;90,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Ξ 66 ,,,,,, 17,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1789,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, ;,, ;, (), See L. Ray Patterson, Stanley W. Lindberg, The Nat ure of Copyright : A L aw of UsersRight, The

,,, Map2 Info,,,,, (1904) 514,, 3175, 1144 ( = 514/ 3175),, 52500, Map Info , 913 %, Map Info,,,,, -,, ( 1), ,

2004 11 Nov12004 4 Studies in Qing History No14 3 [ ], Map Info, [ ] [ ] K25 [ ] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2004) - 04-0059 - 13 Analysis on Land Use in Nanyang County in the Late Qing Dynasty Relying on information

70 80,,,,,, 90,,,,,,,, :, : ; ;, 18 20,, :,,,,, (1918 ) :

2002 5 May12002 2 Studies in Qing History No12 [],,,,,, [] [ ] C91211 [ ] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2002) 02-0076 - 11 An Analysis of the Characteristics of Central Shanxi Merchants and Social Mobility The merchant

, ( ),,, :,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, : :,,,,,,, (, ),,,,,,,, :, ( ) 11 9 (), :,, :,,,,, : () :,,,,,, ( ) ( ), :,, :,,,, 5,,,,,,, ( ), :,,,,,,,,,

2009 8 3 The Qing History Journal Aug. 2009 No13,,, ( ) (,, ),,,,, :,, :?,,,, :, :?:,, :,,?,,,,,,,,,,?,,,, :,,,,,?,, [] 2009-04 - 15 [] (1947 ),, ; 100859 144 , ( ),,, :,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, : :,,,,,,,

1980 ( ) 1980,, 1980, 1982,,, 1985,, 20 10,,, ( ) , , 1982, (1901) (1902) ( ), ( 1500 ) 70,, 1995, 25 4, 20, (henri2 etta Harrison),

2005 5 May12005 2 Studies in Qing History No12 : [ ],, [ ] [ ] K82 [ ] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2005) - 02-0069 - 12 Possessing Unrecognized Talent : The Pathway of the Country Gentleman Liu Dapeng s Whole Life

( ) ( ) : ( ) () ; 11 : (1) ; (2) ; (3) : ; ( ) ; : ( ) ( ) : (1) ( ) ( ) (2) ( ) ( ) (3) ( ) ( ) 85

( ) 1999 2 : 80 : : ( ) : ( ) : () ; : ; ; ( ) () 1995 2 6 : ; 84 ( ) ( ) : ( ) () ; 11 : (1) ; (2) ; (3) : ; ( ) ; : ( ) ( ) : (1) ( ) ( ) (2) ( ) ( ) (3) ( ) ( ) 85 ( ) ( ) : (1) ( ) ( ) ( ) (2) ( )

,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 74,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, ; :,,

2007 8 Aug12007 3 Studies in Q ing H istory No13 3 [ ],,, [] [ ] K249 [ ] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2007) - 03-0073 - 14 The Tem pora l Character istics of Border Trad ing A long the Grea tw a ll dur ing Q ing

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 31

2003 8 Aug12003 3 Studies in Qing History No13 [],,,, (1748), [ ] [] K249 [] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2003) - 03-0030 - 13 The Demand for Grain and the Rise of Agriculture in Inner Mongolia in the early Qing Dynasty

,,,,, :,, ( ) ( ) ;,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,, :, :,,,,,, : ;,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,, 1,,,, :,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,, (1) : ( )

2003 5 May12003 2 Studies in Qing History No12 [],,, :,,,, [ ] [] K248 [] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2003) - 02-0038 - 24 The Rural - clan Landlord Economy in Northern Fujian in the Ming and Qing Periods The rural

2002 1,,,,,,,, ; :,,,,,,,,;,,,,(, ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 17,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, []M.J. C. :,, 1997,41 4

Ξ :,, ; ;, ;,,, :,, ;,,?,, ;,,,,,,,, :,,, :,,,,?,,, Ξ 1,1956,681 3 2002 1,,,,,,,, ; :,,,,,,,,;,,,,(, ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 17,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, []M.J. C. :,, 1997,41 4 , :,,, ;,,,;,,,,,,, 1842,,,,,,,,,

,,, :,, :, :,, ;,,,,,, , ( Secu2 lar Missionaries),,,, ,,, ,, 15,,,, ;,, :,,, ;, ; 86,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gλϖ,, 1874

2003 8 Aug12003 3 Studies in Qing History No13 [],,,,,,,,, [ ] [] K25412 [] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2003) - 03-0085 - 12 The Shanghai Polytechnic Institution and Reading Room and Its Innovation on Education Initiated

1992),,,,,,,,, (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : (1),,,, 2 19, : (),,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, ( 2) ;,,,, (3), :,,,,,,,,, 2108,, 13, , 680,, 017, 012,,

20062 Feb12006 1 Studies in Q ing H istoryno11 [],, 19077,,,, [ ] [] K257[] A[] 1002-8587 (2006) - 01-0001 - 16 Pea san t A ssoc ia tion s in the La te Q ing D yna sty Peasant associations arose in the

2001 3, 5 7,, ;,,,,,, 7 8,, (Sasannian figured silks),, 200 ;, 250,,,,, 7 9,, gλϖ,,, ( sog - po),, gλω,,,,,, :( ),, ;,, 55

( ),,, (Dejin Zang2 mo) ( Hugh Richardson) ( Heather Karmay) ;,,(),,,,,,,,(699 ) ( ) : ), (8 ) (), (,, ) ;,,,,,, () (,,,;, 158 (9,, 839 ) ;159 237 (9,,839 ),, gλυ (),, 4, 54, 2001 3, 5 7,, ;,,,,,, 7 8,,

100,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, :,:,2000,37 :,:,2000,3839 :, :, 1998,145 []A. J. M. :,, 1995,2

2009 6 099 130 099 3,1945 2009 65,, 1948,,, 1960,20 70, 1989, 3,1962,,, : prof. jiangyue @ 126. com, 2007 6 100,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, :,:,2000,37 :,:,2000,3839 :, :, 1998,145 []A. J. M. :,, 1995,2

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, McGowan 1974,,, gλυ 1970,, gλϖ 1984, ( Skidmore Deference),, 1984 (Chevron),,,, gλω,, ;, gλξ 2000,, :, , [ ] E A:,

Ξ,,, ;, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,, Ξ, [ ] J :,, 2004, 418-419 John C1Gray, The Nature and Sources of Law, The Macmillan Company, 7 (1921) 1 :, 1998, 67 122 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, McGowan

,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1644),,,,,,,,,,,, 11,,,, gλϖ,, ( ), gλω,,, 10, 24, 60 gλξ,, 80 :,,,,, ( ), gλψ,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, gλζ,,, 17

2003 5 May12003 2 Studies in Qing History No12 (1644 1796) [ ],,, ( ), [ ] [ ] K249 [ ] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2003) - 02-0016 - 12 An Examination of the Shengjing Imperial Household Department s Population

2006 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ;,, ;,,,,,,,, : ( ) (Restorative Justice), 20 70,,, [ ] W :,, ; Howard Zehr, Changing Lenses : A New Focus fo

Ξ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,, Ξ,,,2003, ;2004 7, ;2005, ( ) ;2005,,2006,, ;2004,,, ( ) :,, 2006 7 14 ;, 2004 11 2 15 2006 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ;,, ;,,,,,,,, : ( ) (Restorative Justice), 20 70,,,

gλω gµω gµξ gλξ gµζ gλψ gλζ gµ{ gλ{ gλ gλ} gλ gµ} gµυ gµ gµϖ gµψ gµ gνϖ gνω 140 gνυ

2009 5 2 Studies in Qing History May 2009 No12 : 20 50 : 20 gλϖ [ ] 2008-10 - 20 [ ] (1973 ) ; 100872 139 gλω gµω gµξ gλξ gµζ gλψ 20 30 1965 100 gλζ gµ{ gλ{ gλ gλ} gλ gµ} gµυ gµ gµϖ gµψ gµ gνϖ gνω 140

,,,,, : 18,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 1840,,, ;, ; 19,,,,,,,,,, 2 ( ),,,,, ( ) ;,, ( 1581 ),,,,,, : 15 16,?, (, ),,, gλϖ,,

2007 8 Aug12007 3 Studies in Q ing H istory No13 [ ],, 20,,,,,,, [ ] [ ] K249 [ ]A [ ]1002-8587 (2007) - 03-0001 - 19 The M odern ity of Th ink ing and Idea in the 18 th Cen tury Ch ina: Reflection s on

,,,,,,,,, (),, 80 (),,, 4 (1915 ) 1 26,,, 33 (1958 ) 4 3, gλϖ,,, gλω,,,, () gλυ Dagmar Coester - Waltjen and Michael Coester, Formation of Marriage,19

Ξ : 20 70,,,, :,,, 20 70, (),,,, Ξ 99, :,,,,,,,,,,, :, 1990,113 Dagmar Coester2Waltjen and Michael Coester, Formation of Marriage,1997, p. 97 1933 Dagmar Coester2Waltjen and Michael Coester, Formation

(1596),, ( 1603), :, (1607) :,, ( 1618 ), ( 1619), (1636), 20 ( ), ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2,,?,,,,, gλϖ, gλω,,,, ;, gλξ, :,,,,,, gλψ, gλζ,,,,, ( 1589 )

2005 11 Nov12005 4 Studies in Q ing H istoryno14 [], :,,,,,, [ ] [] K249 [] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2005) - 05-0001 - 18 The Q ing Em perors Conception s of Ch ina A t the end of the third year of the Xuantong

? : ( ) ( ),, (),, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),,??,,,

2004 3 ( 101 ) ( 100871) :, : 20 90 1999 10 ( ) : ( ), ( 36 ),,,, : (02AFX001) 60 ? : ( ) ( ),, (),, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),,??,,,20 60 200 10 61 ( ), ( ) ( ), 20,,?? gλϖ,, DNA,,, gλω ( ), gλξ, ( ) ( ) ( ) (

,, 2001,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, gλυ,,,,,, (Bydlinski),, (, ),,,, :,, :, (3),, 74,,,,,, [ ] :,,, Alexander Kress Schauer :, , 60 gλυ 2001

Ξ,, ;, :,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ),,, 2010,,, (open texture),,,,,,,,,,, Ξ, Cass R1Sunstein judicial minimalism,,,,, (broad rules), (deep theories) Cass R1 Sunstein, One Case at a Time : Judicial minimalism on

,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( nation - state),,, :,, Dorothy Ko,,,, Evelyn Rawski,, %, 2-10 %,,, gλω Rawski,,,,, Susan Mann,, 88, Mann,,,, Dorothy Ko,,,,,,,,

2003 2 Feb12003 1 Studies in Qing History No11 [],,,,,, [ ] [] K257 [] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2003) 01-0087 - 11 From the Motherhood to the Teacher of Nation : State - building and Normal Schools for women during

2009 4, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,, ;, ;,, ;,, ( ),,,,,, :,,,,,, -, : (1),,,, ; (2) 53

2009 4 :, 2008, 2008-2012,,,,,,,,,,,, : ; ; : C93-05 : A : 1008-1569 (2009) 04-0052 - 26 ( ) 20 80, (J. T. Noonan),,, : 2008,,, : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),! :,, ; 52, 2009 4, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,, ;, ;,,

, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, , 1876, :,,, 1884,,,, :, ;,,, 1886, 1894, 1889, 1893,,,,,, :,,,, 1898 :,,,,,, ,,,,,,, 73

2001 8 Aug. 2001 3 Studies in Qing History No13 1886 1894 3 [] 1886-1894, : ; ; ( ),, [ ] [] K25619 [] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2001) 03-0072 - 11 The Impact of Modern Science on Late Qing Intellectuals from1886

,,, ;,,,, -,,,,,,,,,,, gλυ,,,,, gλϖ,,,, gλω,,,,,,,, ;,,,, gλξ, gλψ,,,,,,,, gλζ,,, gλ{,,,,,, gλ,,,, :, 2, ;, 7, ;, 6, 493 ;, 7,

( ) 2004 2 ( 56 ) : Ξ :,,,,, : Abstract :This article gives a recommendation and comment on Mr. Liang Suming s basic views on constitution and constitutionalism, especially his analysis on China s puzzledom

2003 1,,,,, 1924,,,,,, ,,, ( ),,( ),,,;,,,, :,,,,,,:,,,,,,, :,, (l), 1954, 594 9, 1986, 103 : ( ), 140,,,,, 9, 1986, , 520

Ξ : 20, ; ;, : 20,,,,,, 50,,, : 20,, 11,, Ξ,;, 139 2003 1,,,,, 1924,,,,,, 1924 1,,, ( ),,( ),,,;,,,, :,,,,,,:,,,,,,, 1924 1 :,, (l), 1954, 594 9, 1986, 103 : ( ), 140,,,,, 9, 1986, 592 1985, 520 21 1924

,,,,, 18 :,, 19,,,,18 20,,, 1840,,,,,19,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1904, :,,,,,, []:,,1995,221 [] :,,1995 ; :2000,1999 ;[]:,,1998 ; [ ] :,,1998,,

Ξ :, ;, ;,,,, : 19,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Ξ,;, 3,1972,220 30 ,,,,, 18 :,, 19,,,,18 20,,, 1840,,,,,19,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1904, :,,,,,, []:,,1995,221 [] :,,1995 ; :2000,1999 ;[]:,,1998 ; [ ] :,,1998,, 1989 31 2003

, duopoly,,,, ,? 19 70, ; 70,,,,,,,, J1 W1 : ;, E1,, ;,,, H1,, : ;,, ;,,, C1,, (Auguste Walras) (Leon Walras), A1 ( ) F1 E1 () V1 ( ),,,,, 2

2002 5 ( ) May 2002 39 3 Journal of Northwest Normal University (Social Sciences) Vol139 No13 (, 730070) [ ],,,, [ ] ; ; [ ] F 0 [ ] A [] 100129162 (2002) 0320052211 1 111 :, A1, 1838,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,

;,,,,,, ( ),, ;,, 114 :,,,, 115 ( ),, 270 1, 2 :,,,,,,,, 270 2?,,, 270 2,,,, 153,, 151, 153,,, 153, 153,,?,,,,,,, ( ),, ( ),,, :,,,,, ( ),,, 232, ( ),

3,,, ;, ;,,, :,, ;,, ( ),,, Hans W elzel,, ; W ilfried K per,,,,, ( ),,, ;,,, ;, Roxin, ; :, :,, ;,,,, :, 3 [ ] :, 2006 4, 36 [ ] :,, : 92 [ ] :, 2005, 1, 2006, 416 ;,,,,,, ( ),, ;,, 114 :,,,, 115 ( ),,

20094,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1881),, 94,,,,,,, 3,, 1932, ;,, 1894(), 14, (1904 ),,, 1979, 160 :,, ( ),2, 14, 1932, 34 ; (),2, 15, 13

: 2008, 10,,,, 40,,,,, 3,10,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 93 20094,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1881),, 94,,,,,,, 3,, 1932, 388 390 393 398 ;,, 1894(), 14, (1904 ),,, 1979, 160 :,, ( ),2, 14, 1932, 34 ; (),2, 15,

2007 3,,, ; : ; ;,,,,,, :, ;, : : :, : : : : :

Ξ 2006, :, ;, ;, 2006 11, ;, : Ξ 141 :,2006 12 11 : 2006 3 2007 3,,, ; : ; ;,,,,,, :, ;, : 2006 1 : 2006 2 :, 2006 1 : 2006 4 : 2006 5 : 2006 3 : 2006 3 : 2006 5 142 / 2006, 20 11,1853 1858, 26 :, ;, ;

,!, [ ], [ ],,,, ,(Athyr) 21, 1/ 20, 2 22,( Mecheir) 27, : [ ] [],,, [ ] [ ],, (),,, : [ B GU = gyptische Urkunden aus den k; niglichen

26 1 V ol. 26, No. 1 2 0 0 8 1 Hebei L aw Science Jan., 2 0 0 8 (, 361005) : 1900, 100, : ; ;; ; : DF041 : A : 100223933 (2008) 0120021211 Roman Succession La w :from the Point of Vie w of the Will of

( ) ( ) ( nexus of power) ( ) ; ( ) ; ; ( key nodes) ; ( ) ( religiosity) ( ) ; ( ; ) 2

20102 1 The Q ing H istory Journal Feb. 2010 No11 [] [ ] ( ) [ ] [ ] K249[ ] A[ ] 1002-8587 (2010) - 01-0001 - 11 C ity God tem ples the Zhang Heaven ly M a ster and Dao ist Bureaucracy in Q ing J iangnan

,,,,,,,,, 1923 ( ) (H1B1Morse) ( Thom2 as Jernigan),,,,, ( )?,,,,,, , 1807,, 1827,,, 100 gλϖ,,,,,, gλω,,,,,, gλξ,,,,,,,,

2008 11 Nov12008 4 Studies in Q ing H istoryno14 [ ] (Madeleine Zelin) [],, [ ] [] K25 [] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2008) - 04-0063 - 18 The F irm in Early M odern Ch ina The Chinese shareholding entity had a long

2009 5,10, 10, 10 : ;, : (1), (2) (3),( 4), (5),,, (6),,, ;,, (7),, : ( 8), 10?????, () ,, :, 12, 300, (,, 28

2009 5 10 :10(1999-2008) 10,1999, 10,,, : ;; : D035 : A : 1008-1569 (2009) 05-0027 - 11, () 20 30, () ()20 80, () 20, 10,,, 10,,,,, : (: 70633001) :, ;, 27 2009 5,10, 10, 10 : ;, : (1), (2) (3),( 4), (5),,,

,,,,, 20,20,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (Bona Fide,Bonne Foi, Good Faith),,, 20 19,,,,,,, 20,, ( ),,, 20, 118,,,,,,,

20, :,,,,,,,,,,, 18 19,,,,18 19,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,, 117 2003. 2,,,,, 20,20,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (Bona Fide,Bonne Foi, Good Faith),,, 20 19,,,,,,, 20,, ( ),,, 20, 118,,,,,,, ,,,,:,,,,, 1121 :,,,,,,

,,,,,,, 14,, Dunyn - Szpot (1700) ( Louis Aloys Pfister, ) Dunyn - Szpot :,,,,,,,, 1939,, daert) (Ad Dudink) (Nogl, ( Henri Bernaed,

2003 8 Aug12003 3 Studies in Qing History No13 3 [ ],, 14,, 5 60,, [] [] K24912 [] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2003) - 03-0073 - 12 The Basic Contents and Framework of Ferdinand Verbiest πs Thorough Inquiry into

2010 8, ; 106 2,,,, 106 2, ( ) :,, ;,,, ; : ( ) +,, ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ), 2,,, ;,, ( ), ( ),,,, : ( ), ; ( ),, 2,,,, ( + ),, 2, ,

2010 8 No. 8, 2010 ZHEJ IANG SOC IAL SC IENCES 2010 8 Aug., 2010 ( ),,, ; ;, ;,,, 2, ( 310008) ( ) 106 2, 106 2 :,,,, 121-127, 133, ( ),,, + =,,,,,,,,, 106 2 46 2010 8, ; 106 2,,,, 106 2, ( ) 2 2009 2

) : (2 ) (2 ) (3 ) (2 ) (1 ) (96 ) (31 ) 607, ( ), 696 ( 663 ),,,, 3 (607),,,,,,, (199,, 5340 ),,,,,, ,, 9 13,,,,,

33 :,,,,, :, ;,, :, ( 34 2003 2 720 ) : (2 ) (2 ) (3 ) (2 ) (1 ) (96 ) (31 ) 607, ( ), 696 ( 663 ),,,, 3 (607),,,,,,, (199,, 5340 ),,,,,, 894 10,, 9 13,,,,, 35 (1118 1181),,, (1192 1333),,,, (1333 1573),,,1373,,,,,,,

346 42,.,.,,,,,. 1,, (1 2).,,., Fig. 1 Changes of the world energy resource structure over the past 100 years,,,.,.,,, 1.,, 1., GDP,,.,,

42 3 2008 3 J OU RNAL OF SHAN GHA I J IAO TON G UNIV ERSIT Y Vol. 42 No. 3 Mar. 2008 :100622467 (2008) 0320345215 :,.,..,:,..,,,,,. : ; ; ; ; : T K 01 : A Reflections on Energy Issue s in China J I A N

, 1,, ( ),,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ( Indra) (Ag2 ni) ( Yama) (Nairi2 ti/nairrti) ( Varuna ) (Vayu) (Vaisravana /Kubera ) ( Isana, / ) ; ( B rahma ) ( Prth

2007 6 ( ) 20 90,, -,, I1 2, ( ),,,,, 2 ; 1, 2319, ( ),,, - () 40,,, III, I 1 2 1,, 6165,, 5164, 2, 713, 5151,,,, F ( Helmut F. Neumann) I1 7 (,, ),,,, 2 1 85 , 1,, ( ),,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ( Indra) (Ag2

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 50 10,,,,, 100, 80,20, 20, 100,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, gλυ, (),, :,, gλϖ, 23 gλυ gλϖ

2000 4 :,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,;, ;,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 12 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 50 10,,,,, 100, 80,20, 20, 100,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, gλυ, (),, :,, gλϖ, 23 gλυ gλϖ 4 163 13 ,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gλυ,,,,, gλϖ, gλω,,,,,, ,,,,, ( ), William Ayers, Chang Chih2t ung and Educational Ref orm in China (Cambridge : Harvar

Ξ,,,,,;,,,, ;, (1907),(1909), ( ),,,,,,,,, Ξ,,,,,,,,,,,, :,1946,205 ; :( ), 85,,,3 83 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gλυ,,,,, gλϖ, gλω,,,,,, 2008 2,,,,, ( 1999 1 ), William Ayers, Chang Chih2t ung and Educational Ref

2 ( ) ,,,,, ( ),, ;, ( ) ; ; 2. (1), (2), (3) ,,

2002 3 RESEARCH ON EDUCA TION TSIN GHUA UN IV ERSIT Y No. 3 2002 (, ) 10 ; G647 A 100124519 (2002) 0320001210 1993 10, 1. 1992,1993, ( ) 1993 6, 1993 12 7 32, 1994 1 5, 200225213 (1946 - ), ; 1 2 (2002

幻灯片 1

围城钱钟书著 是钱氏唯一问世的长篇小说作品 从 1946 年 2 月开始 连载于 文艺复兴 1947 年由晨光出版公司出版 1980 年人民文学出版社再版 其间被译成多种外文在海外出版 从表象上看 该书写的似乎是一出爱情的悲喜剧 为此作者在小说中借书中人物之口谈到罗素引用过的 结婚仿佛金漆的鸟笼 笼子外面的鸟想住进去 笼内的鸟想飞出来 英国古语以及法国人关于结婚 是被围困的城堡 城外的人想冲进去 城里的人想逃出来

,,, 5,,,, 7,, (Ulfilas,, 383 ), (Vasari, ) 12 16,,,,,,, (the Dark Ages), 18,,, ;,, ;,, ( Horace Walpole, ) ( The Castle of Otranto,

18,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 59,, ( Gothic tradition) 20, 70,,, 2000 9 90,, 184, 1970 126, 90,, ( Goth) 3 ,,, 5,,,, 7,, (Ulfilas,, 383 ), (Vasari, 1511-1574) 12 16,,,,,,, (the Dark Ages), 18,,, ;,, ;,, ( Horace

/,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Charles William Le Gendre,, ,,,, ,,, ,,, 14,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5,,,, ,, 101 :,,2004 : :1871 7

1874,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1874 Le Gendre,,,,,,, :, 1927 7 8 : g g gg g, 29 7, 26 5 : g g gg g ( 4 ),, 1998 :, 35,1951 4 ; g g gg g, ( ),1952 10 : 7 g g g g g g, 1 2, 9 10 100 /,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Charles

,,,,, 2001,,,,! ,,,,,,,,,,, 770,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 536, 1 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 11 ( ),, ( ),,,,, ( ),,, :,,,, ;,,,,,, ;,, (),

25 3 Vol. 25,No. 3 2010 7 Journal of Chinese Historical Geography J ul.,2010 (,, 430079) [ ] (771220 ) 57, 5174 %, 1164 % ; 7133 % ; 15190 % ; 4 %, 9 %, 12 %, 15 %,,,, 2 3, ( 200 120 ) 80, ; (12080 ) 2,

2008 2,,,, ,,,,,,,, ( ) ( 1993 ) ( 2001 ), ( 1988 ), ( 1994 ), (1996 ) ( 1998 ) ( ), (, ),, ( ) (2001 ) ;

20 Ξ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 40 50,, 20 80,, ( 1980 ),,1991,,, Ξ,,! PQDD, 20, 2003 3 ;,2006, 17 24 ;,2005, 1 8 ;, 2005, 5 8,, 147 2008 2,,,,1999 12,,,,,,,, (1904 1949) ( 1993 ) ( 2001 ), ( 1988 ), ( 1994 ),

,,,,,,, ( ), :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, (1540),,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 10, 3, 300, 3000,,,,,, ( ),,, 1523,,,,

JOURNAL OF LITERATURE,HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY 2009 2 ( 311 ) No12,2009(Serial No.311) : :,,,,,, : ; ; 16,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, ( 361005) :,, 185, :,1996, 167 :, :,1999,

( 74 ), ) : / / touge / / hata / / kome / / monme / / waku, 97 %,,, :, (,2002),, :, (1987),,,,,, 400,,, , , ( 5, 3,

:, ( ),, ( ) ( ),,,, ( ),,,,,,, 1. 1,,, (,, ) :,,, : chuu/ / naka kan/ / miru f uu/ / kaza, ( ), : koku/ / kuni i/ / suru baku/ / mugi, ( ),, : ka/ / atai jit su/ / makoto bai/ / uru, ( / 39 2005 4 ( 74

2006 4, ;,, 20,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,20,,, ;, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 30, 80 %, 61 %,, 90 %,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 70,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,, , 1000,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,

(, 100006) :,,,, : ; ; ; : K258 :A :1005-605X(2006) 04-0069 - 12 The Rural Reconstruction Movement during the Republican period XU Xiu - li ( Institute of Modern History,China Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing

( 80 ), ( causer), ( causee), ( ) ( agent) (patient) XP, YP, : (2) [ XP ] [ YP ], YP, (1), (2) Y YP, RP YP, (2) : (3) [ XP ] [ Y RP ] ( Y ) XP,

: 3,,, ; ;,,,,,,,,,,, (1943) ( causative),,, ( causative construction),, ( causative event, ), ( causing e2 vent, ) ( caused event, ), ; ( ) : (1),, 3 ( : 05BYY044),, 21 2007 2 ( 80 ), ( causer), ( causee),

幻灯片 1

王贵与李香香李季 (1922 1980) 著 李氏系河南唐河县人 1938 年赴陕北参加革命 从事文化工作和诗歌创作 1949 年后担任中国作家协会副主席等职 主要作品还有长诗 杨高传 诗集 玉门诗抄 等 王贵与李香香 是诗人的代表作 1946 年 9 月连载于 解放日报 11 月由太岳新华书店出版 长诗分三个部分 共 740 多行 第一部分主要描写王贵一家的苦难遭遇以及王贵与李香香的爱情所面临的厄运

2009 3, 1922,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 12, 200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, :, 2006, 1 :, : :, 1986 ( 1936 ), :, :, :, 2003, :, 477 :,

:,,,,,,,, :,,, :, ( 100084),,,,,, (nation state), (international), (inter2state),,,,, 87 2009 3, 1922,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 12, 200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, :, 2006, 1 :, : :, 1986 ( 1936 ), 155 156 :,

2007 4,, 1940, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, :, ( ),,,, %10117 %1219 %,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 85,, 1946, 248, 134, 72, 29 %, 13, 5125 % 1/ 3

1946 1948 :,,,,,,,, : 1946,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 1940,,,,,,,,, 89 2007 4,, 1940, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, :, ( ),,,, 1945 9 %10117 %1219 %,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 85,, 1946, 248, 134, 72, 29 %, 13,

/ :,,,,,, ,, :, :, , :,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,1920,,,,, :, :,,, :,, gλυ,, gλϖ 91,,1965, 139 ;,, 1985, :,1, 12, 1 :,10

1920 1930,,, ( ),,,,,,, 1920 1930,,,,,, ;,,,, 1920 1930,,, :,3 72,1925 3 28 : (),184,17 4 21 (, 1993 ),,, (,2002 ),, 90 / 1920 1930 :,,,,,, 1923 8 21,, :, :, 1927 7, :,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,1920,,,,, 1925 10

, (Mary Wright) , 1949, 1901,,,,,,(1902) (1911),1028 ( 1300 ),, 1906 (133 ) 1907 (139 ) 1909 (116 ) 1910 (217 ) 1911 (108

,,,,,, ( ) 20,,,,,,,,20,,,,,,,,?,,, 21 2008 1 1900, (Mary Wright) 1900 20 1919 1927, 1949, 1901,,,,,,(1902) (1911),1028 ( 1300 ),, 1906 (133 ) 1907 (139 ) 1909 (116 ) 1910 (217 ) 1911 (108 ) 1906 1907

;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2003 :,,,,,,, 1907, 27% ; ,, 23%; , 30%;, , 40% ;, , 2/3 1975, 40%, %,,, :, :1995, 48%, 1

3 :,,,,,,,,,, : ; ; ; ; :D52318;D73/77 138 :A :025725833 (2008) 092 0050211 :,, / ( 430079),,,, 20 70,,, 2006,, 9500,,,,,, 20 80,,,, : 2007212208 3 ( :04BMZ016 ) :, http://gb 1cri1cn/1321/2006/09/07/1569@1208134-21htm

: 11 ; 21 ; 31 ; 41, ;, ;, : ; ; ;, ; ;, 28,, :, 3 8, 30,,, 20 30,,,,,,,,,,,, :, :,, , : ( ),,, , 11, 1986,

1928,,, 1936 1931 2 2 9 :,,!,, 10 :,,,,,,,,!,, 13,,, 15 ( ) ( ) 25 :, ( ),,,,, 18 :, 25 : 26 :,,,, 193 2000 1 25 14 : 11 ; 21 ; 31 ; 41, ;, ;, : ; ; ;, ; ;, 28,, :, 3 8, 30,,, 20 30,,,,,,,,,,,, :, :,,

临床医生CT读片

2000 35 12 ( 749) 45 CT (CT) (MRI) (DSA) (US) (RI) 21 CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT (computed tomography CT) 1 CT (101149) 1967 Godfley N. Hounsfield 3 (X ) 4 (X 30 CT ) ( 1) CT 5 CT CT CT X 1/ 20 0. 01

:,,, ( Traugott & Dasher, 2002: 156) (2005a),,, (, 2004a) (, 2004a;, 2004) (, 2005;, 2006) (, 2004b;, 2006) (, 2005) (, 2006) ( conventionalization),,

2007 1 ( 79 ) 3,,,,,,,,, Schiffrin (1987) Fraser ( 1996 1999) Traugott & Dasher ( 2002), ( discourse marker), ( discourse connectives),,,,,,,, ( subjectivity) (, 2001a) (p rocedural) ( Traugott, 1995 1997;

2006 1, ( 6000 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, ; 12,, 1 8,, ( 1, 1981 ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( 2

Ξ,,,,, 19, :,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, Ξ,,, 55, :, 1998, 41 :, 2002 3, 29,,,, 1986, 244 16, 2 2006 1, ( 6000 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, ; 12,, 1 8,, ( 1, 1981 ) ; ( 1982 2 ) ; ( 1991 3

() ,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,, (2000)1945,, 1995,,,,,,,,,, 2005, : 5 ( 2 ), :: :, , 39 60, 3, ;:, , ;

: (Cold W ar International H istory),,,,,, 4, ( ) ( ) ( ) (),,,,,, : 3 ( ) (,, 200241) :,, 1947,,,, 1949,,, :;; ;,, 1947, 1950, 3 : ( 05BSS005) ; ( B406) 1 () 2009 1,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,, (2000)1945,, 1995,,,,,,,,,,

,,,,,,,, : :,,,,,, (,, ), 1 / / / / / /, / / / /,, (1879 ) 1,,,, 126 :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1 1,, (1736 ) 24 :,, 13 :, 5 :, 1930,,,,,,, (),,, :,,,,,,,,, :

25 3 Vol. 25,No. 3 2010 7 Journal of Chinese Historical Geography J ul.,2010 1 2 3 (1.,, 200240 ; 2.,, 200433 ; 3.,, 200240) [ ],,,,,,,,, 1855, [] [] K928 [] A [ ] 100125205 (2010) 0320125213 [ ] 2009207201

,,,,,,,, 20 ( ) ;,,, ,, 20 60,,,, 19 19, : :, (Ann Fior Scott, The Southern Lady: From Pedestal to Politics, ), 19

,,, 20 60,,,,,, : 19,,,, 1922,,, 1946 1940, 72 (1848 1920) : (A rthurm1schlesinger, N ew V iewpoints in Am erican H istory ), 1922, 8 : : (Mary R1Beard,W om en as Force in History: A S tudy in Traditions

DS Ω(1.1)t 1 t 2 Q = t2 t 1 { S k(x, y, z) u } n ds dt, (1.2) u us n n (t 1, t 2 )u(t 1, x, y, z) u(t 2, x, y, z) Ω ν(x, y, z)ρ(x, y, z)[u(t 2, x, y,

u = u(t, x 1, x 2,, x n ) u t = k u kn = 1 n = 3 n = 3 Cauchy ()Fourier Li-Yau Hanarck tcauchy F. JohnPartial Differential Equations, Springer-Verlag, 1982. 1. 1.1 Du(t, x, y, z)d(x, y, z) t Fourier dtn

ο HOH 104 31 O H 0.9568 A 1 1 109 28 1.01A ο Q C D t z = ρ z 1 1 z t D z z z t Qz = 1 2 z D z 2 2 Cl HCO SO CO 3 4 3 3 4 HCO SO 2 3 65 2 1 F0. 005H SiO0. 032M 0. 38 T4 9 ( K + Na) Ca 6 0 2 7 27 1-9

,,,,,,, ( ),,, ( ) 20,,,,,, (, ),, :, : 1988, ; : 1988,

,,, 1947 :,,,,,,,, ( ),, 16 ,,,,,,, ( ),,, ( ) 20,,,,,, (, ),, :, : 1988, 183 184 ; : 1988, 129 17 2000 3 1973,, C, :, 20 : :, 1992 : 1972 :,, ;, gλυ :, gλϖ 1992 : 1985, 213 217,, 1973, 1990, 77, 1998

32 G; F ; (1) {X, X(i), i = 1, 2,..., X, (2) {M(t), t α Poisson, t ; (3) {Y, Y (i), i = 1, 2,..., Y, (4) {N(t), t β Poisson, t ; (5) {W (t), t, σ ; (6

212 2 Chinese Journal of Applied Probability and Statistics Vol.28 No.1 Feb. 212 Poisson ( 1,, 211; 1 2,3 2 2,, 2197) ( 3,, 2197) Poisson,,.,. : :,,,,. O211.9. 1., ( 1 6]). 4] Cai Poisson,, 6] Fang Luo

90 36 National Life Table Experience Life Table Generalized Linear Models GLM Miller946 Gompertz825 Makeham 860 Makeham Heligman Pollard980 8 Heligman

36 3 202 5 Vol. 36No. 3 May 202 89 Population Research * GLM GLM 0 ~ 89 B - GLM 20 90 B - 30007 The Application of Generalized Linear Model in the Graduation of Life Table Mortality Rates Zhang Lianzeng

/, :,,,,,,,,,,,, :, : ; ; ; ( ) ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,?, 1928, : :,, :, 2005, 817 :,, :,

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, :?,? 4, 2, 1999, 234, 1989,,, : (1922 1927),, 1999, 265 266 /, :,,,,,,,,,,,, :, : ; ; ; ( ) ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,?, 1928, : 2007 4 :,, :, 2005, 817 :,, :, 787

(),,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30 (Wm. Theodore de Bary) :,, :,1983 ( ), Chenyang Li. Confucian Value and Democrat2 ic Value, The

2008 4 ( 23 ) () No. 4 2008 (Vol. 23) :,,, 1949 1977 1978 1990,,, 20 90,, 100084) : ; ; :,, (, :,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, :,2002, 370 :, :,1979, 27 31 95 (),,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

untitled

9 84 7879 /6.5 49 8 ISBN 7-3-563-/TP 38 8. 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 * 5 9 6 8 5 . C. C++ 3. 4. C 5. PASCAL 6. 7. 8. 9... li@puliwh.h.n x_f@63.net ...................3.....4... 4..5... 5..6... 5....6..... 6.....

Microsoft PowerPoint - 04 Models of Amino Acid and Codon Substitution.ppt

Nei and Gojobori(986) ATG GTC ACT CAT TTA ATA AAT CGG ATA TAA M V T H L I N R I * ATG GTT ACG CAA CTC ATG ACG AGG ATT TGA M V T Q L M T R I * Pathway I: Pathway II: Pathway I: Pathway II: AAT(N) ACT(T)

20094, , 60, 18, 1905,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 1905,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,, 1905,,,,,160, , ,, ( :, ) ;,,,,,, ( :, 2003,

3 19041905,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 1905 9 2,,,,, 1300,,,,,,,,,, 3 (07BZS030) 2008 5,, ;, (Wolfgang Franke, The Reform and Abolition of the Traditional Chi2 nese Exam ination System 1 Harvard University Press,

Microsoft Word - FM{new}.doc

Lanczos 方法 Louis Komzsik 著张伟廖本善译 演变与应用 清华大学出版社 北京 内容简介 Lanczos 方法是 20 世纪计算数学方向最有影响的方法之一, 并且已经在工程中得到了广泛应用. 本书兼顾了 Lanczos 方法的理论演变和工程中的实际应用, 其内容分为两部分 : 第一部分阐述了方法的演变, 并提供了具体算法 ; 第二部分讨论了工业中的实际应用, 包括常用的模态分析

,,,,, ( ), 6,,,,,,,, 1895,,, ;,, ,,,,,, ; 1882,,,, 1886, ;,, 1889,,, 1895,, 1895,:,,, , 256, 52 ; 50 ; 33 ; 32 ;16 ; 8

[ ],,,,,, [] [ ] K252; G239. 2 [ ] A [ ] 1007-1873 (2007) 01 0078 14 [ ],, 200235,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,,, 1.,,1895,, (1861-1873),, ( Joan Judge) ( Print and Politics Shibao and the Culture of Reform in

,,,,, :,, ;, : :,,,,,,,, 1 : (,285), ( ), (,, 314),,,,,,,, :,, 104 : :,,,,, 95, :,,,, :,,, :,,,,, :,, 1987, :,,,, : :, :,, 1997, 164 :,

2008 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, : 27, 100081,,,,,, 66 104 :,,, 103 : (320),,,,,,,,,, 61 94 95 103 104 106 108 113, 120 357 ;, 89 (315), 77, 357, 95 ;, 7 82 100 104 108 ;, 63 73 108 ;,91 104 106 108, 120 ,,,,,

Microsoft Word - 08-林佑儒.doc

2013 6 h ð 369-380 DOI: 10.6243/BHR.2013.049.369 j Í Æmd Îri ÉàÆ ol ºˆ ¾e Çj Áؾ gd à Šl À  m là Äy ï o là 2011 2 h ð 408 ð 10 È Í Û üifã h ó f à Ã} ñ} üþ Ã Ì { Õ ä~ } Õ gû à Πql Ã ä ¹ ü ˆ à Œ d i Ã

2007 4,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gλυ, : 9, :, :,1, , : (), :, :, :, 1984, ; :, :, 1996, :,

Ξ :, : ; ; ; ( ) ;,,, :,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,?,,,, Ξ,,,,, :, :, 1923, 105 106 63 2007 4,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gλυ, : 9, :, 1937 390 392 :,1, 1962 8, : (), :, 1996 714 :, :, 1984, 114 116

Microsoft Word - 01楊琇惠.DOC

i (2009) u 98 6 iná 1 g~»i! î!! Á g~ v Á á Û Ã w g ~ Ãv î và o v g ä ~ kä Ãg «á ÁµÃ à à ~õ gã rô Ûîñà ~ Û Ã qƒ Ãg~ ~v äã º º lë çj à à Á Áf à x và ókä käã ç«ô æ à } g~ Áf v g ž 51 2 i Tian Di Yi Ti of

,, ;,,, :???, : ; ;,,,,,, (Bernard Cohen) :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1), Matthew A. Crenson, T he Un2politics of A i r Poll ution. Baltimore : Jo

,,,,, :??,, 1954,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,?,,,,,, 1962, ( Peter Bachrach) (Morton Baratz),, :,,, ;,,, 86 Peter Bachrach and Morton Baratz, Two Faces of Power. A merican Political Science Review, vol. 56, no. 4

标题

第 35 卷第 7 期西南大学学报 ( 自然科学版 ) 2013 年 7 月 Vol.35 No.7 JournalofSouthwestUniversity (NaturalSciencedition) Jul. 2013 文章编号 :1673 9868(2013)07 0068 05 考虑感染潜伏期和 CTL 免疫的 1 HIV 动力学模型的全局性态 王秀男 1,2, 王稳地 1, 刘鹏 1 1.

2006 1, 1980, 50,,,,, () ( Paternalism), pater,,, : ( soft) ( hard) : (),,,,,,,,,, :,, (Libertarianist),,, :, ; :, , Joel Feinberg, Moral

,,,,,, 1963,, ( 310028) ;, 1974, ( 310028),,,,,,,,?,,,,?,,,?,,,,, :,,, 2004, 50, 47 2006 1, 1980, 50,,,,, () ( Paternalism), pater,,, : ( soft) ( hard) : (),,,,,,,,,, :,, (Libertarianist),,, :, 1995 3