,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, McGowan 1974,,, gλυ 1970,, gλϖ 1984, ( Skidmore Deference),, 1984 (Chevron),,,, gλω,, ;, gλξ 2000,, :, , [ ] E A:,

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, McGowan 1974,,, gλυ 1970,, gλϖ 1984, ( Skidmore Deference),, 1984 (Chevron),,,, gλω,, ;, gλξ 2000,, :, , [ ] E A:,"

藻穆
7 years ago
Views:

1 Ξ,,, ;, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,, Ξ, [ ] J :,, 2004, John C1Gray, The Nature and Sources of Law, The Macmillan Company, 7 (1921) 1 :, 1998,

2 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, McGowan 1974,,, gλυ 1970,, gλϖ 1984, ( Skidmore Deference),, 1984 (Chevron),,,, gλω,, ;, gλξ 2000,, :, , [ ] E A:,, 1993, 24 :,2000 2, 65 :, :, 2001, , ;:, Thomas O1McGarity, Judicial Review of Scientific Rulemaking, 9 Science, Technology and Human Values 97 (1984) 1 gλυ gλϖ gλω Industrial Union Department, AFL - CIO v1 Hodgson, 499 F12d 467, (1974) 1 Ted Greenwood, Knowledge and Discretion in Government Regulation, Praeger Scientific, New York 11 (1984) 1 Chevron U1S1A1, Inc1 v1 Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc, 467 U1S (1984) 1 :, 2003, ;:, : 1, 2005, gλξ Robert A1 Anthony, Which Agency Interpretations Should Bind Citizens and Courts? 7 Yale J1 on Reg1 1 (1990) 1 123

3 2006 6, (power to control),,,, (persuasiveness), gλψ, ,,, gλζ 52 53,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, gλ{,,,,,, gλ,, gλ},,,,,,,, gλ, :, gλψ gλζ gλ{ gλ gλ} gλ Cass R1 Sunstein, Administrative Law Goes to War, 118 Harv1 L1 Rev (2005) 1 :, , 1989, :, 2004, gλ, :,: (), 2002, 131 ;:,

4 ,?,,, gµυ,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,, ;, ; gµϖ 1993,,,,,;,,, gµω 1995,, gµξ 1994,,,,, gµψ, gµζ 62, , :, gµυ gµϖ gµω gµξ gµψ gµζ :, gλζ :, :, 2002, :, :, :, ,

5 2006 6,,,, ;,,,, gµ{,,,,, gµ : ,, 5800,, %, 10 % , DB , 015 %, 10 %, ,, , 0197 %, % DB11Π , , () [ 2000 ] 092, 1800, 38 1, 51 1,,,,,,:,,,,;, ,,,,,,,,:, DB11Π gµ{ gµ :, :, 1993, 218 : ( 2 ),2003,

6 ,, DB11Π ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gµ},,,,,, (Vorgabewirkung),,,, gµ,,,,, gνυ,,,,,,,,, gνϖ,, gνω ( ) gµ} gµ gνυ gνϖ gνω 31 32, 14 :, :, 2003, 79 :, Peter Cane, The Anatomy of Private Law Theory, 25 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 217 (2005) 1 :, 2004,

7 2006 6, 1979,,, (1984) gνξ 17,,, gνψ gνζ 62,,,, ;, 52 5,,?,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, gν{ ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, gν,, gν}, 11,, gν,, ;, gου gνξ gνψ gνζ gν{ gν gν} gν gου , , , :, , :, Teresa Moran Schwartz, Regulatory Standards and Products Liability : Striking the Right Balance Between the Two, 30 U1Mich1J1L1Reform (1997) 1 Teresa Moran Schwartz, Regulatory Standards and Products Liability : Striking the Right Balance Between the Two, 30 U1Mich1J1L1Reform 431 (1997) 1 :, 2005, 50 :, 2003,

8 106, ,, 124,,, ,;, 2 2,,,,, ;, gοϖ,, 83,,, gοω ,,,,, ,, , ,Π,,,,,,,, gοξ, gοψ,,, gοζ,,,,,, gο{ 3,, gο gοϖ gοω gοξ gοψ gοζ gο{ :,: ( ), ,, 131 :, , : :, :, :, : 29,2004, 564 ; :, 2003, gο Teresa Moran Schwartz, Regulatory Standards and Products Liability : Striking the Right Balance Between the Two, 30 U1Mich1J1L1Reform 434 (1997) 1 129

9 , 46, ;,,, 2002,,,,, gο} 21,?, (safety threshold),, ;, gο,,,,, gπυ,,,,, ;,, ;,, gπϖ,,,,,, gπω,,, gπξ, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, gο} gο gπυ gπϖ gπω (),( ) Cary Coglianese and Gary E1Marchant, Shifting Sands : the Limits of Science in Setting Risk Standards, 152 U1Pa1 L1 Rev (2004) 1 Breyer 10 %, Stephen Breyer, Breaking the Vicious Circle : Toward Effective Risk Regulation, Cambridge : Harvard University Press, (1993) 1 :, :, 2003, Teresa Moran Schwartz, The Role of Federal Safety Regulations in Products Liability Action, 41 Vand1 L1 Rev (1988) ; gµ gπξ Teresa Moran Schwartz, Regulatory Standards and Products Liability : Striking the Right Balance Between the Two, 30 U1Mich1J1L1Reform 434 (1997) 1 130

10 ,,, gπψ, ( [ 91 ]104 ),,,,, 97, (2001) 12,,,,,,,,, gπζ, 46, ;,,, ;,,,, gπ{, gπ,,:,,,,,,, gπ},,,,, gπ,, gθυ,,,,,,, gπψ gπζ gπ{ gπ gπ} gπ gθυ, [ ] :,,1999, 24 ; :,2005, ; :, 2001, ;:, (2002) 043 Rob0ert L1 Rabin, Reassessing Regulatory Compliance, 88 Geo1LJ 2051 (2000) 1 :, 1994, 427 ;gο{, 559 ; :, :,http :ΠΠwww1jcrb1comΠzywΠn271Πca htm :,http :ΠΠwww1npf1org1twΠPUBLICATIONΠCLΠ092ΠCL - R htm :, 2005, 296 ; :, 2001, ; :, : ( ), 1999,

11 2006 6, 6 10 ; 3 5 gθϖ, 49,,,, ( ) ;,;, ;, , 74 75,,,,,,, gθω,,,,,,, gθξ,,, gθψ,,,,,,,,,, gθζ,, (Verwaltungsakzessorietgt des Strafrechts),, gθ{,,, gθ 141, 13, , 141, gθϖ gθω gθξ gθψ gθζ gθ{ gθ gπψ, 79,: ( ), ; :, :, 2004, 32 [ ] :(),, 2003, , :, 2002 ; :, ; :, 2003 ; :, ; :, gµ, ; :,, ; :, :, 1997, :, ; :,

12 ; 142, 48 1, ;,,,,,,, 137,,; 330 1,, ;, 143, 145, 146, 148,?,? 1997,,, gθ} 3,;,,, 8,, gθ,,,,,,,, gρυ,,,,,,,,,,, gρϖ Ossenb hl, gρω,,, gρξ 1993, , , 2 5, 251, , gθ} gθ gρυ gρϖ gρω gρξ [ ] :,,2003, ;gθψ, :,2004, :, :, 1999, gµ, 40 :, 1998,

13 2006 6,,,,,,, gρψ,,,,,,,;,,,;,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, Abstract : As a high technical and special administrative rule, technical standard actually exerts the same function of law1 Based on legal documents and jurisdictional experience, this article discusses the normative effect of technical standards, it points out that it is benchmark of factual finding in judicial review process ; it exerts important function in the determination of liability for breach of the contract, and the illegitimacy of tortuous action ; technical standards can also fill the blank constituent in criminal law, to determine the boundary of criminal law1 ( : ) gρψ, 1997 :, 1996,

( 52 ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, [ 1 ] [ 2 ], [ 3 ] [ 1 ] : [ 2 ] : 10,, :,,,, [ 2 ] : :,,,, :,,,,

(, 741001) :,,,,,,,,,,, : : G25611 : A : 1001-6252 (2006) 02-0065 - 15,, (880 ), (956 ), 77,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, : 736 15, 4 ;, : 2005-12 - 24 : (1964 - ),,,, 65 2006 2 ( 52 ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,