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1 122 :,,,,,,,, : ; ; : DF90 : A : (2009) :,,, 2007,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,, 70,?,,,,, :,,, :,,,, ;,,,,,,, [ ],, ( ) :,, 1983, 206, :, ,

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4 :,,,, gλ{,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, gλ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gλ},,,,,,,,,, :,, gλ, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, gµυ gµϖ,,,,, :,,,,,, gλ{ :,, 1983, 181 gλ gλ} gλ ( ) :,, 1983, 236 gµυ :, : ( ), 1992, 192 gµϖ [ ] :,, 1995, 28 : 47 77

5 ;, ;,,,,,, ( ), (, ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gµω,,,,?,,,, :,,,,,,,?,, gµξ, ;,,,,,, gµψ :, gµζ :,, ; ;,,,, :,, ;,,, gµ{,,,,,,,,, gµ,,, gµω gλψ, 368 gµξ : ( ), 1998, 299 gµψ :,,, 1955, 8 gµζ gµ{ :,,,,, ;, ;,, ( ), 1984, 454 gµ :, 2006, 66

6 , gµ} :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, gµ, :,,, :,,,,,,,,,, gνυ,,, ; 20,,,,?,,, gνϖ,,,,,, :,,,, gνω,,,,?,,,,,,?,, gµ} :, 1987, gµ :, :, 1987, gνυ :, 2004, 9 10 gνϖ gλψ, gνω :,, 1981, 36

7 ,, ;,,,,,,, gνξ,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, :, :,,, gνψ,, :,,,, gνζ, :!,,,,,?,,,,,,,,, :,,?,, ;,,, gν{ : :,, :,!,,, gν,, ;,,,,,,,?, :, ;,, ;, :, ;,,,, gν} :,,, gν, ; gνξ gνω, 2 3 gνψ gνζ gλ{, 136 gν{ gλ{, 136 gν gν} gν gν :, :, 1993, 70

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9 ,,,,,,, ( ) gοζ,,,, 1986, ; 2003,,,,? gο{,,,,,,,, :,,,, gο,,,, gο},, gο,,,, :,,,,,, ;,,, ;, ;,,, ;,,, gπυ,,,, , ( ),,,,,,,, gπϖ, gοζ :, , 77 gο{ :,,,,, : ( ), 2000, 18 gο :, :, 2005, 137 gο} gο gο} gπυ gο} gπϖ ,,,,

10 gπω?,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 6,,,,,,?,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, gπξ,,,, :,, gπψ?,,,,,,, :,,?,, :? :, gπζ,,,,,,, :?, :, :, :,? :,,,, gπ{,,, gπω :, gπξ gλϖ, 409 gπψ 258, gπζ 195, gπ{ :, :, 2004,

11 ,,,, gπ,, gπ}, : ; gπ,,,?,,?,, :,,?,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,! gθυ,,, gθϖ? :,, :,, : gθω? ( ) ; ; ;, gπ gπ{, gπ} gπ{, 424 gπ [ ] :,, 1984, 217 gθυ :, : ( ), 1977, 852 gθϖ,, Ranbir Vohra, China s Path to M odernization: A Historical Review from 1800 to the Present, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1987, pp gθω gλζ, 3

12 , gθξ,,,, :,,,,, On O bjectiv ism or Subjectiv ism : a Ram ble on Con text D ifferences between Law and M ora lity SU Yi - gong Abstract: The context differences of objectivism and subjectivism exist between morality and law, which should not be garbled. Lessons from history have well p roved that were the context difference neglected, there would be negative consequences to both morality and law. The moral discourse should surpass the subjectivism to accomp lish the transformation to discourse of law, that is, the specific subjects should be transformed into general subjects so that the law can be fair, just, and be respected and enforced. Key words:morality; law; differences gθξ [ ] :,, 2004, 215,

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,,,,, 48,110,680, 14,318,350,, 30 %,,,, ;, (1704) :, 1, 8, 6,,,,,,,, 2, 1 6, 1 2,,, 3, 2, 1 6,,, :, 2 ;, 1 8 ;, 1 6 ;, 1 4 ;, 1 2 ;, 1 ;, 5 ;, 2 5 ;, 2004 8 Aug12004 3 Studies in Qing History No13 [],,,,,, [ ] [] K249 [] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2004) - 03-0041 - 12 Disaster Defense and Reduction Policies in the Qing Dynasty Throughout the ages Chinese society