˘ªF¶Î

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "˘ªF¶Î"

艳凌鲍
5 years ago
Views:

1 NSC H A C C. R. Boxer, The Christian C e n t u ry in Japan, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967) Boxer 2 Helen J. Baroni, Obaku Zen: The Emergence of the Third Sect of Zen in Tokugawa, Japan (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2000), pp

2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

3 ( ) ( 1605 ) (1657) ( 1678 )

4 ( 1650 )

5 Richard John Lynn, The Sudden and the Gradual in Chinese Poetry Criticism: An Examination of the Ch an- Poetry Analogy, in Peter N. Gregory, ed., Sudden and Gradual: Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese Thought (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987), pp

7 ( 1611) (1 684) (1 670) ( ) (1 881) ( ) ( 1578 ) (1657)

8 ( ) 2 9 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 1599 ) (1665)

9 ( )

10 ( ) ( ) ( )

12 ( ) ( ) ( )

13 ( )

14 ( ) ( ) 51 ( 1639 ) (1677) (R.H. van Gulik)

15 ( ) ( ) ( 1619 )

16 ( ) ( ) Baroni, Obaku Zen (1246) ( 1253 ) Martin Collcutt Martin Collcutt, Five Mountains: The Rinzai Zen Monastic Institution in Medie val Japan (Cambridge, Mass.: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1981), pp

17 ( ) [ 733 ] (742) ( 753 ) (763)

18 ( ) (806) ( 828 ) Abé Ryūichi The Weaving of Mantra: Kūkai and the Construction of Esoteric Buddhist Discourse (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999)

19 ( ) ( ) ( 1325 ) ( 1333 ( 1342 ) ( 1346 )

20 ( ) (1214) (1217) ( 1223 ) (1253)

21 ( ) (1322)

22 -150-

23 -151-

24 ( ) ( ) ( ) -152-

25 The Image of Japan in Master Moan s Poetry: Focusing on Mt. Fuji and the Praise of Earlier Masters LIAO Chao-heng Assistant Research Fellow Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy, Academia Sinica The emergence and development of the Obaku school of Chan (Zen) Buddhism is a momentous event in religious history, as important as the Bakufu s persecution of Christians, of the Tokugawa period. The Obaku s influence on Japanese culture goes beyond religion. The Obaku masters brought not only the late Ming and early Qing Buddhist teachings but also new art, crafts, lithography, and culture. The Obaku style became a distinctive one in Japanese art history. Its acculturation and assimilation in Japanese culture is also one of the important issues in the cultural exchange between China and Japan in the 17 th century. This paper focuses on the images of Mt. Fuji and Buddhist masters in the poetry of the second Obaku patriarch, Muan. It probes the changes in Muan s mentality after he arrived in Japan. Mt. Fuji is a recurrent image in Muan s poems. His depiction of it was based on hearsay and imagination at first. However, it became more nuanced after he traveled to Edo. Mt. Fuji became then a metaphor with rich meaning, communicating the process of Muan s assimilation into Japanese society. As for the hymns to the Japanese Buddhist mast ers, those works showed that Muan placed himself among them, constructing therein a shared t radition of Zen Buddhism between China and Japan. This paper also explores the literary element in the Obaku tradition, considering the interactions between poetry and Zen Buddhism. Fi nally, it exami nes how the Obaku sect faced, accepted, and assimilated the Japanese Buddhist tradition to create a new, distinctive religious and cultural system. Keywords: Muan Xingtao (Mokuan Shito) Yinyuan Longqi (Ingen Ryuki) the Obaku school Ming Buddhism Edo Bakufu -153-

西漢晚期以來，儒家思想對社會已有了深入的影響，當時不論士庶，普遍對孝悌之行抱有由衷的敬意。在此背景下，原本存在於大家庭的治家之法，在士人階層發生了深刻而微妙的變化。士人立身以禮、躬行實踐的結果，推動著家庭內的倫理關係趨向於嚴謹規矩。

西漢晚期以來，儒家思想對社會已有了深入的影響，當時不論士庶，普遍對孝悌之行抱有由衷的敬意。在此背景下，原本存在於大家庭的治家之法，在士人階層發生了深刻而微妙的變化。士人立身以禮、躬行實踐的結果，推動著家庭內的倫理關係趨向於嚴謹規矩。 34 BIBLID1012-8514(2004)34p.381-402 2004 12 381~402 2004.3.29 2004.4.30 382 383 1 1 1944 2 384 2 3 political solipsism 4 Sinocentrism 5 Sinocentric world order 6 2 1977 441~480 442 443 3 286 1964 42 281