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26 1 V ol. 26, No. 1 2 0 0 8 1 Hebei L aw Science Jan.

1 26 1 V ol. 26, No Hebei L aw Science Jan., (, ) : 1900, 100, : ; ;; ; : DF041 : A : (2008) Roman Succession La w :from the Point of Vie w of the Will of Ga ius Longinns Castor XU Guo2dong (Law School,Xiamen University,Xiamen China) Abstract :This paper try to reconstruct a living law of Roman people in succession by studying a will of Roman veteran left 1900 and more years ago that found 100 years ago in Egypt, exploring a new approach of papyrology for studying Roman law. Utilizing the publications about this will written by famous scholars of European countries and of U. S. A in the past century, By decoding the text of the will, this paper try to reconstruct the social and historical background in which this will being produced. Key words :testamentum per aes et libram ;fiduciary substitution ;veteran ;papyrology ;codicilli, () 189,,,,,,19,20 21,,,,,,, (), 30, 30,,,,,,,,,,, 5, 1 1/ 4,1/ 3, 1/ 3, 1/ 3 : :(19612),,,,, : 21

2 ,!, [ ], [ ],,,, ,(Athyr) 21, 1/ 20, 2 22,( Mecheir) 27, : [ ] [],,, [ ] [ ],, (),,, : [ B GU = gyptische Urkunden aus den k; niglichen Museen zu Berlin heraus2 gegeben von der Generalverwaltung : Griechische Urkunden (Berlin,1892) ], (Lud2 wig Mitteis) ( Grundz ge und Chrestomathie der Papyruskunde,Leipzig, B. Teubner, 1912), ( Eug ne Revillout) ( FI2 RA) gλϖ,,,,, (Otto Karlowa) 4 ( P. L. Collignon) 18, (Rodolphe Dareste) (Vittorio Scialoja) 7 ( Testamento di G. Longinus Castor) gλω - (Vicenzo Arangio2Ruiz) - (La Suc2 cessione Testamentaria secondo i papyri Greco2egizii, Luigi Pierro Editore,Napoli,1906) (James G. Keenan) [ The Will of Gaius Longinus Castor, In Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists,Vol. 31 (1994),pp ] ; (Alan Watson) The identity of Sarapio, Socrates, Longus and Nilus in the will of C. Longinus Castor, In 15 ( 1966) The Irish J urist,pp. 313s. [Studies in Ro2 man Private Law (1991) ],, () [1 ], gλξ,,,,,, gλψ,,, I. 1,23,1,,, gλζ,,,,, ; 22

3 ,,,, gλ{, [2 ],, gλ,,,,, 189,,, 47 gλ},, 30 (3 XXX 30),,12 [3 ], 30,10, 180, , gλ,,, 87,, 2 22, , [3 ], ,, ,!, (Callippus, ),,76, 330 gµυ, 4 (3 = 11 ;6 = 2 ),,9 1,,3, 45,,,, [4 ],,,, (Aruras),,, 3,, 3, gµϖ, Aruras Aurerus ( ) (Castor),, [5 ],, gµω,,,,, gµξ 3,,,( = ),,, gµψ, [4 ] 17,,,,, 3, 225, 675 [6 ],,,,, [ 71 (Vespasianus,69-79) gµζ ) ],, 26 gµ{ 20, 26, 46, gµ,,, gµ},,(longi2 nus), 5 [6 ],,,, 23

4 ,,,,, ( Gaius Iulius Apollinarius ) gµ,, ;,,,6 1/ 4, ( Gaius Fabullius Macer),166 3, gνυ,, :? gνϖ,,,,,, ;, [4 ], gν{ 439,,,, (Nilus),,,,,,,,,,,, gνω,,,,, 3, , : () 241,,,,,,, 212,,,,,,,,,,, gνξ,, gνψ,, (Veteran), gνζ ;,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) (C. 5,28,8 ),(C. 7, 2,14 ) ( I. 3,15,1), (), Gai. 2, , :5, :,, :, gν, 24

5 ,,!, :, [8 ] ;, gν} ( Familia Pecu2 niaque),, [7 ],,,,,,,,, ( ),,, (), ( ),,,,, ( I. 1,25,14) ( I. 2,11pr. ) ( I. 2,11,5) ( I. 2,19,6),, I. 2,11,3 :,,,, 1,,,,,; (C. 12,47,2 ), gν ( Domi2 tianus,81-96),,;, gου,: 1. (C. 12,47,2 ) ;2. (C. 11,41,8 ) ;3.,(C. 9,47,5 ) ;4. (C. 10,43,1 ), [8 ] ;5. (D. 49,18,15,1 : C. 12,46 (47),1,3 ) [8 ] ;6. (Liturgies) gοϖ,,,?,,,,,,1/ 20, 6,,, 5 %,, [9 ],, 1/ 20 [10 ],,, 1/ 20,, [6 ] ,(D. 49,18,15,1 :) [8 ] ,( = ) ( ),, (189 ),,,,,, :,,? :,, 5, 25

6 ?,,,,,,,, ;, ;,, :, Fiscus ;, Aerarium,,,Fisicus,,,, 30,, gοω,, ( = ) 30 ( ) 30,? 4, 30,, gοξ 5 5,, 30,, 30,,,,,, 4,,,,4 ( ), 189,,,,,,, gοψ,,,,,, (),,,,,,,,,,,,, ( I. 2,14,1),, ( I. 1,6,1), (),,,( Heredis Institutio ex Re Certa),,,, (142212), gοζ,, 10,10, ;, 3, 10, 6, 12 ( I. 2,14,5), 6 1/ 2,,, ( I. 2,14,7) (),,,,, ;;,,,, 26

7 , ( I. 2,13pr. ),,,,,,,,,,,, et fidei eius committo (,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,, gο{,,, gο,, I. 2,13,1,,, gο} () () ;, ;,,,,? 3? I. 2,15pr. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gο, ;, (),,, 30, )! ( I. 2,24,3),,,,?,,,,,, :, et fidei eius committo,,, (Vo2 lo), ( Iubeo) gπυ ;,, 3, 4 ;,, 4,,,,,,,, ;,,,;,,?!,,,,, gπϖ, gπω, (Institution), ( Substitu2 27

8 tion) [11 ],,,,, 4,,,,,, et fidei eius committo, (), 4,,,, gπξ, 1/ 3 gπψ,?,,, 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gπζ,,,,,,,,, 30, 30, 12 (),30 gπ?,gai. 2,276, 30 30, gπ{,, 4, (), ( I. 1,5pr. ),,,,,,,:, : (D. 40,4,44 : 10 ), ( ),,, ;, 4,,, I. 2,25pr. :,, gπ,,,,,,, :,,,,,5,,,,,,,,,,, gπ},,, ( ), 28

9 ,, gθυ,, ( I. 1,17pr. ),,, 410 [12 ], 4,,12 25 ( I. 1, 23pr. ),,,,?,,, gθϖ,,, :,?,;, I. 1, 23,1,12, 25,25,,, 5,,( ), 5 14 ( ) - 12 ( ),? I. 1,25,5,3,,, : ; ;, 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,! ( ) 4,,,,, 1/ 2,, ( ) ( ) ;, [ ] gθω (D. 29,3,5 : 8 ),, 3,, 7, :, (D. 29,3,6 : 50 ),,,, gθξ 2,,, :,, 2,,,,,,,, 29

10 :- :, See Peter van Minnen, The Century of Papyrology ( ),On http :/ / scriptorium. lib. duke. edu/ papyrus/ texts/ history. html, Aruras,,, 25 (http :/ / es. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Cleruqu %C3 %ADa, ) ;3 ( V ase Jorge Roberto Ogdon, Algunos Comentarios sobre laadministracion RegiaDurante el Reino Antiguo ( Prima Parte),Sobre HTTP :/ / WWW. EGIPTOLO GIA. COM/ CON TEN T/ VIEW/ 344/ 40/, Fayum,50,, See Karanis,On http :/ / www. lib. umich. edu/ pap/ introduction/ karanis. html, , 11 See Alexander Jones, Calendrica I :New Callippic Dates, In Zeitschriften fuer Papyrologie und Epigraphic, 129 (2000),p ( Publius Elvius Pertinax),193,, 87, 2 See Alexander Jones, Calendrica I :New Callippic Dates, In Zeitschriften fuer Papyrologie und Epigraphic, 129 (2000),p. 143., See Alan Watson,Identity of Sarapio, Socrates, Logus and Nilus in the Will of C. Longinus Castor, In Alan Wwatson, Studies in Roman Private Law, The Hambledon Press,London,1991,p. 55. Voire P. F. Girard, Textes de droit romain,5th ed.,dalloz,paris,1893,p Cfr. Carolus Giorgius Bruns, Fontes Iuris Romani Antiqui, Tubingae,1909,pp gλϖ See John Wigmore, A Panorama of the World s Legal Systems, Washington Law Book Company,1928,pp. 394ss. gλωin Bullettino dell istituto di diritto romano,vol. 7. pp. 1ss. gλξgλϖ gλψcfr. Vicenzo Arangio - Ruiz,La Successione Testamentaria secondo i papyri Greco - egizii,luigi Pierro Editore,Napoli,1906,p gλζcfr. Vittorio Scialoja, Testamento di G. Longinus Castor,In Bullettino dell istituto di diritto romano, Pasqualucci Editore, Roma,1894, Vol. 7, p. 14. gλ{cfr. Vittorio Scialoja, Testamento di G. Longinus Castor,In Bullettino dell istituto di diritto romano, Pasqualucci Editore, Roma,1894, Vol. 7, pp. 18s. gλ gλ{ gλ}see the Civil Law including The Twelve Tables, The Institutes of Gaius, The Rules of Ulpian, The Opinions of Paulus, The Enactments of J us2 tinian,and The Constitution of Leo,Trans. and edited by S. P. Scott, Cincinnati,s/ a. Vol. XVI,p gλ See Alan Watson,Identity of Sarapio, Socrates, Logus and Nilus in the Will of C. Longinus Castor, In Alan Watson, Studies in Roman Private Law, The Hambledon Press,London,1991,p. 55. gµυ See the entry of Callippus of Wikipedia, On http :/ / www. answers. com/ topic/ callippushttp :/ / www. answers. com/ topic/ callippus, gµϖ Cfr. Vicenzo Arangio - Ruiz,La Successione Testamentaria secondo i papyri Greco - egizii,luigi Pierro Editore,Napoli,1906,p gµωsee James E. Dunlap, A New Inscription from Pozzuoli, In American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 33, No. 3. (J ul. - Sep., 1929), p gµξsee James G. Keenan,The Will of Gaius Longinus Castor,In Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists,Vol. 31 (1994),p gµψsee James E. Dunlap, A New Inscription from Pozzuoli, In American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 33, No. 3. (J ul. - Sep., 1929), p gµζsee James E. Dunlap, A New Inscription from Pozzuoli, In American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 33, No. 3. (J ul. - Sep., 1929), p gµ{gµψ gµ See James G. Keenan,The Will of Gaius Longinus Castor,In Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists,Vol. 31 (1994),p gµ}see James E. Dunlap, A New Inscription from Pozzuoli, In American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 33, No. 3. (J ul. - Sep., 1929), p gµ See The Petition of a Veteran for exemption of Liturgies, On http :/ / www. csun. edu/ hcfll004/ petition. html, See also Gaius Apolonarius Niger and his Family, On http :/ / www. lib. umich. edu/ pap/ snapshots/ Niger/ niger. html, gνυgµξ gνϖgµ gνωsee Alan Watson,Identity of Sarapio, Socrates, Logus and Nilus in the Will of C. Longinus Castor, In Alan Watson, Studies in Roman Private Law, The Hambledon Press,London,1991,pp. 57s. gνξvoire Bruno Rochetti, La langue des testaments dans l Egypte du III S. AP. J. - C. En In Revue Internationale des droits de l Antiquit, 3. me. s rie, XLVII (2000),p

11 gνψvoire Bruno Rochetti, La langue des testaments dans l Egypte du III S. AP. J. - C. En In Revue Internationale des droits de l Antiquit, 3. me. s rie, XLVII (2000),p gνζsee Green M. Taylor, The Function of PISTIS XRIZTON in Galatians,In Journal of Biblical Literature,85 (1966). No. 1, p. 70. gν{see Lionel Cohen, XXVII. - Heredis Institutio ex Re Certa and a New Will of the Roman Type,In Transactions and Proceedings of American Philological Association, 68 (1937),p gν (Leges publicae ),,, Cfr. Antonio Guarino,Diritto privato romano, Jovene,Napoli,1994, p gν}, [],:,1996,114 gν Cfr. Carolus Giorgius Bruns, Fontes Iuris Romani Antiqui,Tubingae,1909,p gου Cfr. Carolus Giorgius Bruns, Fontes Iuris Romani Antiqui,Tubingae,1909,p gοϖ See James G. Keenan,The Will of Gaius Longinus Castor,In Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists,Vol. 31 (1994),p gοωsee James G. Keenan,The Will of Gaius Longinus Castor,In Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists,Vol. 31 (1994),p gοξv ase Antonio de Puente y Franco, Historia de las leyes, plebiscitos y senadoconsultos mas notables desde la fundaci n de Roma hasta J ustiniano, Madrid,Vicente de Lalama,1840,pag. 50. gοψsee the Civil Law including The Twelve Tables, The Institutes of Gaius, The Rules of Ulpian, The Opinions of Paulus, The Enactments of J us2 tinian,and The Constitution of Leo,Trans. and edited by S. P. Scott, Cincinnati,s/ a. Vol. XVI,p gοζsee Lionel Cohen, XXVII. - Heredis Institutio ex Re Certa and a New Will of the Roman Type,In Transactions and Proceedings of American Philological Association, Vol. 68 (1937),pp. 349ss. gο{gλψ gο Cfr. Vittorio Scialoja,Testamento di G. Longinus Castor,In Bullettino dell istituto di diritto romano,pasqualucci Editore,Roma,1894,Vol. 7,p. 13. gο}cfr. Vicenzo Arangio - Ruiz,La Successione Testamentaria secondo i papyri Greco - egizii,luigi Pierro Editore,Napoli,1906,p gο gλ gπυ Cfr. Vittorio Scialoja,Testamento di G. Longinus Castor,In Bullettino dell istituto di diritto romano,pasqualucci Editore,Roma,1894,Vol. 7,p. 10. gπϖ See Alan Watson,Identity of Sarapio, Socrates, Logus and Nilus in the Will of C. Longinus Castor, In Alan Watson, Studies in Roman Private Law, The Hambledon Press,London,1991,p. 56. gπωcfr. Vicenzo Arangio - Ruiz,La Successione Testamentaria secondo i papyri Greco - egizii,luigi Pierro Editore,Napoli,1906,p gπξgµ gπψcfr. Vittorio Scialoja,Testamento di G. Longinus Castor,In Bullettino dell istituto di diritto romano,pasqualucci Editore,Roma,1894,Vol. 7,p. 16. gπζ 4, : (),1994,549 gπ{cfr. Vicenzo Arangio - Ruiz,La Successione Testamentaria secondo i papyri Greco - egizii,luigi Pierro Editore,Napoli,1906,p. 228, Nota 2. [],:,1996,182 gπ,29 48,,, gπ}cfr. Vittorio Scialoja,Testamento di G. Longinus Castor,In Bullettino dell istituto di diritto romano, Pasqualucci Editore, Roma,1894, Vol. 7, p. 17. gπ Cfr. Vittorio Scialoja,Testamento di G. Longinus Castor,In Bullettino dell istituto di diritto romano, Pasqualucci Editore, Roma,1894, Vol. 7, p. 24. gθυ Cfr. Vittorio Scialoja,Testamento di G. Longinus Castor,In Bullettino dell istituto di diritto romano, Pasqualucci Editore, Roma,1894, Vol. 7, p. 13. gθϖ Voire Paul Frederic Girard, Manuel elementaire de droit romain, Dalloz,Paris, 2003,p gθωcfr. Vittorio Scialoja,Testamento di G. Longinus Castor,In Bullettino dell istituto di diritto romano, Pasqualucci Editore, Roma,1894, Vol. 7, p. 20. gθξcfr. Vittorio Scialoja,Testamento di G. Longinus Castor,In Bullettino dell istituto di diritto romano, Pasqualucci Editore, Roma,1894, Vol. 7, pp. 20s. : [ 1 ] [].,,,. [ M ]., [ 2 ] [].. VII :[ M ]., [ 3 ] [].. XI :[ M ]., ,290. [ 4 ] [].. V : () [ M ]., ,259,169. [ 5 ]. [ Z]., [ 6 ] [].. VI : [ M ]., ,195,197. [ 7 ]. [ Z]., [ 8 ] [].. [ M ]., ,82,75,83. [ 9 ]. [J ].,2000, (4). [10] [].. [ M ]., [11]. [ A].. 5 [ C]., [12]. [ M ].,

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