前言

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1 (au tistic spectrum disorder) 41 autistic spectrum disorder DSM- 1994pervasive developmental dis PDD autistic spectrum disorder 1 2Asperger syndrome 3childhood disintegrative disorder 4 Rett syndrome 5 pervasive developmental disorder-no specified atypical autism 89 elective m Tourette syndrome 91

2 Hans Asperger Viennese Trevarthen, Titken, Papoudi, Robarts 1996 AS (Kadesjo, Gillberg, & Nagberg, 1999) DSM- -TR (1) (2) (3) ( ) (4)

3 (au tistic spectrum disorder) 43 2 : (1) (2) (3) ( (4) HFA Trevarthen, Titken, Papoudi, Robarts 1996 X- Trevarthen, Titken, Papoudi, Robarts 1996 Tsuchida,2000 Iwangaga, & Tsuchida 2000

4 44 Titken, Papoudi, Robarts literal Ozonoff, 2002 Dawson, & McPartland

5 (au tistic spectrum disorder) 45 initiat 2 empathy Ozonoff, Dawson, & McPartland, 2002

6 46 Myles & Simpson, 2002 Ozonoff,, Rogers, & Pennington, (1991) 1 2 Williams, Wing, 1981 Dunn et al., 2002 Tantam

7 (au tistic spectrum disorder) 47 Williams, Ozonoff, Dawson, & McPartland,

8 48 Williams, routine sameness 89 literal -taking Williams,

9 (au tistic spectrum disorder)

10 50 social story Gray & Gerard, Swaggart 1993 et al., Williams,

11 (au tistic spectrum disorder) 51 Rett syndrome Andreas Rett 1966 Rett 1/15000 Shahbazian, & Zoghbi,

12 Hagberg and Witt- Engerstrom,1986 DSM- A B Motil Motil 23 Lee, 1999 hyperammonia 12

13 (au tistic spectrum disorder) 53 ALD -- Lesch-Nyhan syndrome X MeCP2 the methyl CpG binding protein 2 Baker, Baker, O.1999 B.1999 Shute 2002 Tiffany Tiffany 89 Trevarthen, Titken, Papoudi, Robarts, 1996 ) (age 1-4 ), 5-15

14 54 childhood disintegrative disorder childhood disintegrative disorder, CDD Heller s syndrome,dementila infantilis,disintegrative psychosis, disintegrative disorder ICD-10 World Health Organization DSM- APA,1994 CDD Thcodor 1908 Heller DSM A B C 1

15 (au tistic spectrum disorder) D prevalence 10 1 rate Malhotra Gupta

16 56 Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified Including Atypical Autism DSM- last name:jean-nartub first name: Charcot Gillies de la Tourette fuck 3

17 (au tistic spectrum disorder) ADHD 40 Deputy Zepf, 2002 tic B 20

18 58 haloperidol pimozide fluoxetine clomipramine Zepf, 2002 ADHD psychostimulants Deputy 2002 methylphenidte MPH clonidine

19 (au tistic spectrum disorder) /7/ DSM /6/ ts// newpage5-5.htm 2003/7/1 Baker, B Genetic Test for Rett Syndrome Now Available. Family Practice News, Dec 1, v29, i23, p7. Baker, O Faulty control gene underlies retardation. (Rett syndrome) Science News, Oct 2, v156, n14, p214. DSM- - Text Rev.) (2000). Diagnostic and sta tistical manual of mental disorders. American Psychiatric Association. Washington, DC: Author. DSM American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. American Psychiatric Association Washington, DC: Author.

20 60 Dunn, W., Myles, B. S., & Orr, S. (2002). Sensory processing issues associated with Asperger syndrome: A preliminary investigation. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, v 56,n1, p Deputy, S. R Treatment of ADHD in ren childwith tics: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Pediatrics, v41, n9,p736. Gray, C.A., & Garand, J. D Social stories: proving Im responses of students with autism with accurate social information. Focus on Autistic Behavior, v8, p1-10. Iwangaga, R. & Tsuchida, R Brief report: comparison of sensory-motor and cognitive function between autism and Asperger syndrome in preschool children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder, V30, n2. Kadesjo, B., Gillberg, C., & Nagberg, B. (1999). Autism and Asperger syndrome in seven-year-old children: A total population study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, v 29,p Lee, J Coping With Rett Syndrome. Agricultural Research, Feb, v47, n2, p20-1. Myles, B.S. & Simpson, R.L Students with Asperger Syndrome: implications for counselors. Counseling and Human Development, v34, n7, p1-15. Myles, B. S. & Simpson,R.L Asperger syndrome: an overview of characteristics. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, v17,n3, p132(6) Ozonoff, S., Rogers, S. J., & Pennington, B. F. (1991). Executive function deficits in high functioning autistic individuals: Relationship to theory of mind. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, v32, p Ozonoff, S., Dawson,G. & McPartland,J A Parent s Guide to Asperger Syndrome & High-Functioning Autism. New Youk: The Guiford Press. Shahbazian, M.D.& Zoghbi, H.Y Rett syndrome and MeCP2: linking epigenetics and neuronal function. (Review Article). American Journal of Human Genetics, v71, n6, p1259. Shute, N Wrenching genes. (Rett syndrome) U.S. News & World Report, August 5, p46

21 (au tistic spectrum disorder) 61 Swaggart, G. L., Gagnon, E., Bock, S. J., Earles, T. L., Quinn, C., Myles, B. S., & Simpson, R. L., 1995 Using social stories to teach al soci and behavioral skills to children with autism. Focus on Autistic Behavior, v10,n1, p1-15. Trevarthen, C., Aitken, k., Papoudi, D., & Robarts, J. [1996]. Children with autism: Diagnosis and interventions to meet their needs. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Volkmar; F.D.& Rutter, M Childhood disintegrative disorder: results of the DSM-IV autism field trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, August,v34, n8, p1092(4). Wing, L. (1981). Asperger syndrome: A clinical account. Psychological Medicine, v11, p Williams, K Understanding the student with Asperger syndrome: Guidelines for teachers. Focus on autistic behavior, v10, n2, p9-16. Zepf, B Recognition and Treatment of ourette's T Syndrome. American Family Physician, v65, n6, p1176.

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認識自閉症五腦傷或腦功能不全自閉兒的 CT scan 或 MRI 發現自閉症的小腦細胞較少, 邊緣系統腦細胞較多但體積小密度大造成不能發揮其功能, 也發現顳葉神經元尺寸較少,

認識自閉症五腦傷或腦功能不全自閉兒的 CT scan 或 MRI 發現自閉症的小腦細胞較少, 邊緣系統腦細胞較多但體積小密度大造成不能發揮其功能, 也發現顳葉神經元尺寸較少, 認識自閉症嘉義榮民醫院藥劑科藥師張鳳仙壹前言自閉症 (autism) 這個名詞最早出現於 1911 年, 精神科醫師 Bleuler 用來解釋精神分裂症所表現對人們和外界窄化的關係, 且極端孤立退縮的行為 Autism 出自希臘字 autos 意指自我