J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No. 1 / α PPN 1 NP % SSRIs RCT 33 3 A 35 RCT nico

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1 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No EFNS Cochrane Medline Ⅰ Ⅱ RCTs RCT HIV A TCA TCA A EFNS guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain 2010 revision Translated by Li Jianping, Li Ying, Lin Zhi, Li Yansheng Attal N, Cruccua G, Barona R, Haanpa M, Hanssona P, Jensena S, Nurmikk T European Journal of Neurology 2010, 17: NP Medline Neuropathic painnp ~ EFNS 7% ~ 8% NP Ⅰ Ⅱ NP 4-6 EFNS 2006 NP 1 NP 6 NP 3 NP RCT NP RCT NP 3 Cochrane 2005 Ⅰ

2 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No. 1 / α PPN 1 NP % SSRIs RCT 33 3 A 35 RCT nicotinic agonist 38 NP PPN N - - D - TCA NMDA PPN Ⅰ Ⅱ 3 Ⅰ RCT PPN PN PHN % ECG 3 PPN meta HIV HIV % ~ RCT 1% ~ 8% 20% d SSRI PPN 19 TCA 5-HT 19 1 Ⅰ SNRI 20 PPN 1 A A 20 0% 150 mg /d 19 ~ NP 20% 600 mg /d 21 NP Ⅲ 7 RCT HIV B

3 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No A A TN TCA PHN SSRI 7 50 SNRI 59 PHN TN ⅡRCT 60 RCT PHN PHN TN Cochrane 49 1 TCA TN A I 7 5 Ⅰ Ⅱ RCT 5% PHN allodynia Ⅳ 62 - A A B 55 TN RCT % C CP 47 CPSP SCI NMDA Cox-2 MS PHN TCA CPSP TCA TCA / SCI 1 7 PHN A 66 A SCI RCT 150 mg /d mg /d 67 2 ~ 4 TCA SCI A SNRI CP RCT 1 1 A SCI 68 TN TN TN CP 20 69

4 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No NP TCA 1 NMDA NP RCT % 97 17% 73 RCT C Ⅰ 2. 7 mg δ /2. 5 mg MS 7 3 NP QOL 90% QOL SCI S S-ketamine CP A B QOL 3 TCA CP QOL B QOL 99 B QOL 87 CPSP SCI B A MS ~3 600 mg /d 150 ~600 mg /d NP 2 NP TN PHN NP A 1 3 /d B TCA SNRI 60 ~ 120 mg /d 150 ~ NP mg /d 78 TCA 98 TCA A B 20 - A A meta TCA B 200 ~ 400 mg /d PHN NP A NP NP TCA MS NP A RCT TCA A 60 TCA 25 ~ 150 mg /d / HIV PHN A

5 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No / PHN QOL A NP a - TCA TCA b B C A/B / TCA NK1 SSRI PHN 8% TCA b TN e CPSP MS TCA SCICPSP SCI SCI TCA d COX-2 MS SCI S - TCA SCI Ⅱ Ⅲ a NP TCA b c / d e MS CPSP MS SCI 1

6 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No. 1 2 HIV NP A 8% B - A A /B NP - NP TCA / CCK2 a a a Ⅱ a NP 1 1 EFNS 60 Raskin et Ⅰ mg QD BID al n = 348 mg QD BID NRS PGICCGIC vs. BPI SF-MPQ ~ 0. 9 /10

7 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No Goldstein et mg al vs. 60 Wernicke et mg BID QD al vs. 3 Kajdascz meta al et ERKadiroglu et 75 ~ 150 mg al vs. B1B Ⅰ n = mg NRS PGICCGICBPI SF-MPQ 12 NRS I n = 334 PGICCGICBPI SF-MPQ n = % 800 mg /d NNT = NNTLOCF ~ BOCF mg /d NNT = ~ 7. 6 NNH SR Ⅰ 8 VAS Ⅱ n = 60 SFMPQ NRS SFMPQ Otto et al. 20 mg vs Wiffen et al. NP 2009 NP meta Cochrane Grosskopf et mg vs. al Dogra et al. ~ mg vs Richter et 600 mg vs. al Arezzo et al. mg /d vs NP Ⅰ 5 n = 48 NRS SF-36MDI QSTSF MDI NNT 4 50% NNT = NNT CI 2. 2 ~ 4. 3 SR Ⅰ 12 VAS 1 Ⅰ n = 141 GATE SF-36 POMS 12 VAS VAS Ⅰ n = 146 GATE GATE NNT SF-36 POMS SF-36 6 NRS SF-MPQ Ⅰ n = 246 SF-36 NNT 50% VAS PPI 1 MPQ SF-36 POMS CGI 13 NRS NRS Ⅰ n = 167 SFMPQVASPPI + SFMQP PGIC CGIC +

8 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No Tolle et al mg /d 2008 vs. 150Freynhagen ~ 600 mg et al vs. 600 mg vs. PHN 7 Freeman et al NP meta 200Vinik et al mg RCT vs. Jose et al. 200 mg vs mg 12 NRS MOS - PGIC n = % 50% NNT Ⅰ n = PGIC SR Ⅰ ITT 7 mg ~ 20% mg 150 mg ~ 50% NNT 19 NRS Ⅰ SF-MPQ PGIC n = 360 LOCF NPS 30% 50% NPS CGI Mc-Gill Ⅱ 6 Likert n = 53 43% vs. 75% 400Rauck et al. mg Wymer et mg al vs. 200Shaibani et mg al vs. 540Atli and mg vs. Dogra NRS NRS Ⅰ n = 396 PGICCGICEQ- 8 5D NNT EQ-5D 10 NRS SF-MPQ VAS- Ⅰ n = 119 PPINPS POMS 94 NRS SF-362 SF-36 POMS CGI NRS NRS Ⅰ n = 370 mg PGIC 600 mg 64% 600 mg 40% 400 mg 23% 9% NRS PGIC Ⅰ n = 468 mg 50% 30% 600 mg 12 VAS /NRS Ⅱ n = 25 -

9 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No CR 10 Hannal et ~ 80 mg + al ~ mg vs. + + NRS Ⅰ 12n = SF-BPISF-MPQ Euro QOL Euro QOL mg Freeman et al mg vs. 1 ~ 2 QID SC - Yuan et al. A 300 U 2009 vs. Agrawal et vs. al NK-1 Sindrup et TKA 731 vs. al ABT Rowbotham mg et al BID vs. 8 / 1 PGIC Ⅰ n = 311 NRS QOL 8. 1% 6. 5% 12 - AVAS n = Pittsburgh SF-36 Ⅱ VAS 4 SF-36 VAS SFMPQ Ⅱ 4 n NRS =48 43 PPI NNT 2 TKA VAS CGI Ⅰ n = 87 VAS CR - Gimbel et 6 NRS NRS / 2 BPI Ⅰ 37 mg 10 ~ 99 vs. al Jensen et al NPS n = 159 BPI SF- Rand 36RandSIP SIP SF- NPS 36NPS 7 ABT NRS NRS Ⅰ 1 NPS SF- 3666% NPS SF-36 PN PHN

10 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No Gilron et al. mg vs mg vs. 34 mg mg vs Gilron et al. mg vs mg vs mg mg NRS BPISF-MPQ BPI n SF-36 BPI = SFMPQ SF-36 PHN NRS SF-MPQ Ⅰ 5 VAS-PPI n = BDIBPI SFMPQ BPI SF- SF-36 MMSE36 BDI NRS 60mg Rowbothamet al. vs. 150 mg vs mg Chandraet 25 ~ 100 mg vs. al ~ mg vs. Wiffen et al. NP PHN 2009 meta Cochrane 6 3 VAS 6 VAS Ⅰ n = 38 BDI QST TCA 8 VAS VAS Ⅱ n = 76 NRS SF-MPQ 70 2 NNT vs. NNT RCT % CI 3 ~ ~ 5 CGI 0 ~ 4 50% SR Ⅰ ER Ⅰrving et al. n ER NPS QD BID Ⅰ mg /d 2009 Jensen = BID NRS QD BID vs. et al NPS NP 150 Van Seventeret mg vs. al NRS CGI n = % ~ 50% NNT Ⅰ

11 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No Stacey et al. ~ 600 mg vs mg vs. 4 NRS 30% /Ⅰ n = 269 ~50% PGIC VAS SFMPQ VAS 50% PR OR = ~ Mooreet et 5 RCT 50% PR NNT50% PR NNT SR I PHN al n = mg 6. 9 NNH meta 4. 8 ~ Cochrane mg ~ mg ~ Kocharet al. 8 SF-MPQ VAS CGI Ⅱ mg vs n = 45 PPI NRS NNT vs. 91 mg Raja et al. TCANRS Ⅰ 15mg 2002 Edwards 8 0% ~ MPI vs. et al n = % BeckNNT 89 mg % PR QST mg vs. 5% Binder et al PHN vs. Ⅱ 8 SFMPQ n = 34 2 n = % 13. 8%

12 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No. 1 Backonja et NGX-4010 al % 60 min PHN vs % NGX ~ 8 NRS 30% PGIC Ⅰ 12 Gracely SAT n = 402 SFMPQBPISFMPQSF- PGIC CGIC BPI 36 50% SF-36 SAT - COX-2 Shackelford GW et al mg 50 mg vs. Hempestall meta et al COX-2 NPS 25 mg Ⅱ n = 209 NRS NPS SF-MPQ PGIC CGICPR 25 TCA NNT NNHNNT / RCT NNT =2. 64 NNH ~ NNT = ~ NNT = ~ NNT = ~ SR Ⅰ Trigeminal NeuralgiaTN Cruccu et al. Systematic 2009 Gronseth et al. reviewsr 2008 CBZ NNT = ~ Ⅰ 1 SR Ⅱ n = 12 RCT 147 OXC 600 ~ mg CBZ 2 ⅡRCTs n = 130 SR Ⅰ

13 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No Rintala et mg vs. al mg vs. SCI VAS 30% VAS Ⅱ VAS 8 n = mg Norrbrink 4 NRS PGIC Ⅱ vs. Lunderberg n = HAD SCI 2009 PGIC NRS 43% 17% 150Siddal et al. ~ 600 mg vs SCI 150Vranken ~ 600 mg vs. al SCI et 400Breuer et al. mg vs MS Finnerup et 500 ~ al mg /d vs. SCI 8 NRS SF-MPQ Ⅰ n = % 50% POMS CGI 21% 13% 4 SF-36Euro QOL 1 Ⅰ n = 40 VAS PDI PDI SF-36 EQD5 SF-36 - BPI NRS Ⅱ 11 NPSMS QOL-54 NPS n = 12 NPS 10 BPI - 4 BPI > 30% NRS Ⅱ 5 1 n = MPQ NPSI 33% PGIC NRS Penn Ashworth S - Vranken et al mg 75 mg vs. LANSS NP 7 d VAS n = 33 PDIEuro- QOL SF 3 QOL Ⅰ

14 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No. 1 THC / Rog et al. CBD 2. 7 / vs. 48 /d 5 THC /CBD NRS NRS NPS NP Ⅰ n = 64 HADS-MS CGI NRS NPS NPS 1 ~ 1. 5 mg /kg 6 h Arbaiza et al NRS Karnovsky AED Ⅱ n = 36 ADL ADL / AED Zung Beck KarnovskiADL SEPsAED 0 ~ 5 NP HIV 40 mg/d Schiffito et al vs. Abrams et 3. 56% THC al vs. 1 TID 1% Ellis et al. 8% THC 2009 vs. Simpson et NGX- al % vs min HIV VAS n = 45 Ⅱ VAS VAS Ⅰ 5 d n = 55 30% NNT min / VAS / POMS POMS Ⅱ 5 d n = 34 30% NGX ~ 12 Ⅰ 12 NRS NRS n = % NRS % 30% Gracely SFMPQ PGIC CGIC BPI QST Gordh et al. mg vs VAS PR PGIC Ⅰ 5 2 VAS VAS n = 120 SF-36 SF-36 3 NNT VAS 3 30% ~ 50%

15 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No Vilholm et mg /d vs. al SC - Ranoux et A BTX-A al U NP PHN vs. 4 NRS Ⅱ n = NP QST 6 BTX-A NRS 50% / Ⅰ n = 29 NNT PGIC CGI NPSI VAS NPSI / QST 2 BPINAD BPI QST 300Smith et al. ~ mg vs mg Wu et al. vs mg vs. NP 600Caraceni et ~ mg al NP vs. Khoromi et 25 ~ 100 mg vs. al ~ 90 mg vs. vs. 200 mg Khoromi et vs. al mg NRS Ⅱ 6 n = 24 BPI SF- MPQ CES-D FIM SWLS CHART NRS Ⅰ 6 0% ~ 100% 50% 1 n = 60 33% NNT MPI NRS Ⅰ 10 d n = % NNT NRS Ⅱ Oswestry 7 n = BDI SF-36 NNT NRS NRS Ⅱ 6 n = Oswestry BDI SF-36

16 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No PGIC Ⅱ ~ 600 mg vs. HADS EQ-5D A MOS Roland 5 5 n = Morris NP 600Yelland et ~ mg vs. al % 3 VAS - RCT 69% VAS N VAS n =73 48 Ⅱ 35% 200Silver et al mg vs NRS SF-MPQ Ⅰ n = 220 NPS 30% 50% CGI > 5% 5% Meier et al. VAS 5 7 d Ⅰ Wasner 4 / 2003Wasner 7 d et al. d et al n = 40 Ⅱ PHN MPQ QOL / 50% NNT vs. - ES 0. 4 NNT 18 PHN QST QSART 5% Ho et al. vs. 5% 2008 ami vs. 2% Lynch et al. vs % vs. vs. NRS MPQ Ⅱ 1 VAS n =35 3 NRS SF-MPQ Ⅰ n = 92 PDI

17 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No Yucel et al. mg vs. 150 mg 2004 vs. 2 mg Frank et al. vs mg THC/CBD Nurmikko et 2. 7/2. 5 al NP vs. 2 h 8 8 VAS 3 VAS-PI Ⅱ n = 55 VAS-PI QST 75 mg QST 6 VAS HAD Ⅰ 2 SF-36 n = SF-36 5 NRS NPS PDI PGIC Ⅰ n = 125 Sativex - GHQ-12 NRS CHG-Q NNT BDI BOCF BPI CGIC HDRS LANSS LOCF MDI MMSE MPI MPQ Mc Gill NIS NNT NPS NPSI NRS Likert NS NWC PDI PHN PN PGIC POMS PPI QST SF-MPQ Mc Gill SIP SF-36 STAI Trt VAS VRS vs. 1 Treede RDJensen TSCampbell JNet al. Neuropathic pain redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes J. Neurology Bouhassira DLantéri-Minet MAttal Net al. Prevalence of chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics in the general population J. Pain Torrance NSmith BHBennett MIet al. The epidemiology of chronic pain of predominantly neuropathic origin. Results from a general population survey J. J Pain Dworkin RHO'Connor ABBackonja Met al. Pharmacologic management of neuropathic pain evidence based recommendations J. Pain Finnerup NB Jensen TS. Mechanisms of disease mechanism-based classification of neuropathic pain-a critical analysisj. Nat Clin Pract Neurol Baron R. Mechanisms of disease neuropathic pain a clinical perspective J. Nat Clin Pract Neurol Attal NCruccu GHaanp Met al. EFNS guidelines on pharmacological treatment of neuropathic painj. Eur J Neurol Brainin MBarnes MBaron JCet al. Guidance for the preparation of neurological management guidelines by EFNS scientific task forces-revised recommendations J. Eur J Neurol Saarto TWiffen PJ. Antidepressants for neuropathic pain J. Cochrane Database Syst Rev20074 CD Finnerup NBOtto MMcQuay HJet al. Algorithm for neuropathic pain treatment an evidence based proposal J. Pain Kadiroglu AKSit DKayabasi Het al. The effect of venlafaxine HCl on painful peripheral diabetic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus J. J Diabetes Complications Kajdasz DKIyengar SDesaiah Det al. Duloxetine for the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain evidence-based findings from post hoc analysis of three multicenterrandomized double-blindplacebo-controlledparallel-group studiesj. Clin Ther Suppl

18 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No. 1 13Quilici SChancellor JL thgren Met al. Meta-analysis of duloxetine vs. pregabalin and gabapentin in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain J. BMC Neurol Skljarevski VDesaiah DZhang Qet al. Evaluating the maintenance of effect of duloxetine in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain J. Diab Met Res Rev Gahimer JWernicke JYalcin Iet al. A retrospective pooled analysis of duloxetine safety in subjectsj. Curr Med Res Opin Sultan AGaskell HDerry Set al. Duloxetine for painful diabetic neuropathy and fibromyalgia pain systematic review of randomised trials J. BMC Neurol Otto MBach FWJensen TSet al. Escitalopram in painful polyneuropathy a randomizedplacebo-controlledcross-over trialj. Pain Wiffen PMcQuay HEdwards Jet al. Gabapentin for acute and chronic pain J. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD Freeman RDurso-Decruz EEmir B. Efficacysafety and tolerability of pregabalin treatment for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy findings from seven randomized controlled trials across a range of doses J. Diabetes Care Gilron IBaley JMTu Det al. Nortriptyline and gabapentin alone and in combination for neuropathic pain a double-blind randomised controlled crossover trial J. Lancet Moore RAStraube SWiffen PJet al. Pregabalin for acute and chronic pain in adults J. Cochrane Database Syst Rev20093 CD Rauck RLShaibani ABiton Vet al. Lacosamide in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy a phase 2 double-blind placebo-controlled study J. Clin J Pain Wymer JPSimpson JSen Jet al. Efficacy and safety of lacosamide in diabetic neuropathic pain an 18 weeks double blind placebo controlled trial of fixed doses regimens J. Clin J Pain Dogra SBeydoun SMazzola Jet al. Oxcarbazepine in painful diabetic neuropathy a randomizedplacebo-controlled study J. Eur J Pain Grosskopf JMazzola JWan Yet al. A randomizedplacebo-controlled study of oxcarbazepine in painful diabetic neuropathyj. Acta Neurol Scand Beydoun AShaibani AHopwood Met al. Oxcarbazepine in painful diabetic neuropathy results of a dose-ranging studyj. Acta Neurol Scand Vinik AITuchman MSafirstein Bet al. Lamotrigine for treatment of pain associated with diabetic neuropathy results of two randomizeddouble-blindplacebo-controlled studies J. Pain Atli ADogra S. Zonisamide in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy a randomizeddouble-blindplacebo-controlled pilot study J. Pain Med Shaibani AFares SSelam JLet al. Lacosamide in painful diabetic neuropathy an 18-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial J. J Pain Katz JFinnerup NBDworkin RH. Clinical outcome in neuropathic pain relationship to study characteristicsj. Neurology Eisenberg EMcNicol EDCarr DB. Efficacy of muopioid agonists in the treatment of evoked neuropathic pain systematic review of randomized controlled trials J. Eur J Pain Hollingshead JDühmke RMCornblath DR. Tramadol for neuropathic pain J. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD Freeman RRaskin PHewitt DJet al. Randomized study of tramadol / acetaminophen versus placebo in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy J. Curr Med Res Opin Portenoy RKFarrar JTBackonja MMet al. Longterm use of controlled-release oxycodone for noncancer pain results of a 3-year registry study J. Clin J Pain Yuan RYSheu JJYu JMet al. Botulinum toxin for diabetic neuropathic pain a randomized double-blind crossover trialj. Neurology Yuen KCBaker NRRayman G. Treatment of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy with isosorbide dinitrate spray a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over studyj. Diabetes Care Agrawal RPChoudhary RSharma Pet al. Glyceryl trinitrate spray in the management of painful diabetic neuropathy a randomized double blind placebo controlled cross-over studyj. Diabetes Res Clin Pract Rowbotham MCRachelDuan WThomas Jet al. A randomized double-blindplacebocontrolled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of ABT-594 in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain J. Pain Sindrup SHGraf ASfikas N. The NK1-receptor antagonist TKA731 in painful diabetic neuropathy a randomisedcontrolled trial J. Eur J Pain Gilron IBailey JMTu Det al. Morphinegabapentinor their combination for neuropathic painj. N Engl J Med Hanna MO_Brien CWilson MC. Prolonged-release oxycodone enhances the effects of existing gabapentin therapy in painful diabetic neuropathy patients J. Eur J Pain Schifitto GYiannoutsos CTSimpson DMet al. A placebo-controlled study of memantine for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-associated sensory neuropathy J. J Neurovirol Wiffen PJRees J. Lamotrigine for acute and chronic painj. Cochrane Database Syst Rev20072 CD Abrams DIJay CAShade SBet al. Cannabis in painful HIV-as-

19 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No sociated sensory neuropathy a randomized placebo-controlled trial J. Neurology Ellis RJToperoff WVaida Fet al. Smoked medicinal cannabis for neuropathic pain in HIV a randomizedcrossover clinical trial J. Neuropsychopharmacology Simpson DMBrown STobias Jet al. Controlled trial of high-concentration capsaicin patch for treatment of painful HIV neuropathy J. Neurology Noto CPappagallo MSzallasi A. NGX-4010a highconcentration capsaicin dermal patch for lasting relief of peripheral neuropathic pain J. Curr Opin Investig Drugs Eisenberg EMcNicol EDCarr DB. Efficacy and safety of opioid agonists in the treatment of neuropathic pain of nonmalignant origin systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials J. JAMA Hempenstall KNurmikko TJJohnson RWet al. Analgesic therapy in postherpetic neuralgia a quantitative systematic reviewj. PLOS Medicine20052 e Rowbotham MCReisner LADavies PSet al. Treatment response in antidepressant-naive postherpetic neuralgia patients doubleblindrandomized trial J. J Pain Irving GJensen MCramer Met al. Efficacy and tolerability of gastric-retentive gabapentin for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia J. Clin J Pain Chandra KShafiq NPandhi Pet al. Gabapentin versus nortriptyline in post-herpetic neuralgia patients a randomizeddouble-blind clinical trial-the GONIP TrialJ. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Khaliq WAlam SPuri N. Topical lidocaine for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia J. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD Binder ABruxelle JRogers Pet al. Topical 5% lidocaine lignocaine medicated plaster treatment for post-herpetic neuralgia J. Clin Drug Investig Baron RMayoral VLeijon Get al. 5% lidocaine medicated plaster versus pregabalin in post-herpetic neuralgia and diabetic polyneuropathy an open-labelnon-inferiority two-stage RCT study J. Curr Med Res Opin Hans GSabatowski RBinder Aet al. Efficacy and tolerability of a 5% lidocaine medicated plaster for the topical treatment of postherpetic neuralgia results of a long-term studyj. Curr Med Res Opin Backonja MWallace MSBlonsky ERet al. NGX-4010a high concentration capsaicin patch for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia a randomiseddouble-blind study J. Lancet Neurol Shackelford SRauck RQuessy Set al. A randomizeddoubleblindplacebo controlled trial of a selective COX2 inhibitor GW in patients with postherpetic neuralgiaj. J Pain Cruccu GTruini A. Trigeminal neuralgia and orofacial pains. In Pappagallo Med. The Neurological Basis of PainM. New York McGraw Hill Cruccu GSommer CAnand Pet al. EFNS guidelines on neuropathic pain assessment revised 2009 J. Eur J Neurol Gronseth GCruccu GAlksne Jet al. Practice parameter the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia an evidence-based review report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurologyand the European Federation of Neurological SocietiesJ. Neurology Cruccu GGronseth GAlksne Jet al. AAN-EFNS guidelines on trigeminal neuralgia managementj. Eur J Neurol He LWu BZhou M. Non-antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia J. Cochrane Database Syst Rev20063 CD Nurmikko TCruccu G. Botulinum toxin for trigeminal neuralgia J. Eur J Neurol e Lemos LFlores SOliveira Pet al. Gabapentin supplemented with ropivacaine block of trigger points improves pain control and quality of life in trigeminal neuralgia patients when compared with gabapentin alone J. Clin J Pain Klit HFinnerup NBJensen TS. Central post-stroke pain clinical characteristicspathophysiologyand management J. Lancet Neurol Siddall PJCousins MJOtte Aet al. Pregabalin in central neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury a placebo-controlled trial J. Neurology Vranken JHDijkgraaf MGKruis MRet al. Pregabalin in patients with central neuropathic pain a randomizeddoubleblindplacebocontrolled trial of a flexible-dose regimenj. Pain Rintala DHHolmes SACourtade Det al. Comparison of the effectiveness of amitriptyline and gabapentin on chronic neuropathic pain in persons with spinal cord injury J. Arch Phys Med Rehab Breuer BPappagallo MKnotkova Het al. A randomizeddoubleblindplacebo-controlledtwo-periodcrossoverpilot trial of lamotrigine in patients with central pain due to multiple sclerosis J. Clin Ther Finnerup NBGrydehoj JBong Jet al. Levetiracetam in spinal cord injury pain a randomized controlled trialj. Spinal cord Rowbotham MCTwilling LDavies PSet al. Oral opioid therapy for chronic peripheral and central neuropathic pain J. New Engl J Med Norrbrink CLundeberg T. Tramadol in neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial J. Clin J Pain

20 J Neurol NeurorehabilMarch 2012Vol. 9No. 1 74Rog DJNurmikko TJYoung CA. Oromucosal delta9-tetrahydro cannabinol cannabidiol for neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis an uncontrolledopenlabel2-year extension trialj. Clin Ther Vranken JHDijkgraaf MGKruis MRet al. Iontophoretic administration of S + -ketamine in patients with intractable central pain a placebo-controlled trial J. Pain Arbaiza DVidal O. Tramadol in the treatment of neuropathic cancer pain a double-blindplacebo-controlled studyj. Clin Drug Investig Hardy JRRees EAGwilliam Bet al. A phase II study to establish the efficacy and toxicity of sodium valproate in patients with cancerrelated neuropathic painj. J Pain Symptom Manage Gordh TEStubhaug AJensen TSet al. Gabapentin in traumatic nerve injury pain a randomizeddouble-blindplacebo-controlled cross-overmulti-center study J. Pain Ranoux DAttal NMorain Fet al. Botulinum toxin a induces direct analgesic effects in neuropathic pain a double blind placebo controlled study J. Ann Neurol Vilholm OJCold SRasmussen Let al. Effect of levetiracetam on the postmastectomy pain syndromej. Eur J Neurol Khoromi SPatsalides AParada Set al. Topiramate in chronic lumbar radicular pain J. J Pain Khoromi SCui LNackers Let al. Morphinenortriptyline and their combination vs. placebo in patients with chronic lumbar root pain J. Pain pdf. clinicalstudyresults. org /documents /company-study Wu CLAgarwal STella PKet al. Morphine versus mexiletine for treatment of postamputation pain a randomizedplacebo-controlled crossover trial J. Anesthesiology Wilder-Smith CHHill LTLaurent S. Postamputation pain and sensory changes in treatment-naive patients characteristics and responses to treatment with tramadolamitriptylineand placebo J. Anesthesiology Karst MSalim KBurstein Set al. Analgesic effect of the synthetic cannabinoid CT-3 on chronic neuropathic pain a randomized controlled trial J. JAMA Nurmikko TJSerpell MGHoggart Bet al. Sativex successfully treats neuropathic pain characterised by allodynia a randomised double-blindplacebo-controlled clinical trialj. Pain Yucel AOzyalcin SKoknel Talu Get al. The effect of venlafaxine on ongoing and experimentally induced pain in neuropathic pain patients a double blindplacebo controlled study J. Eur J Pain Frank BSerpell MGHughes Jet al. Comparison of analgesic effects and patient tolerability of nabilone and dihydrocodeine for chronic neuropathic pain randomisedcrossoverdouble blind study J. BMJ Ho KYHuh BKWhite WDet al. Topical amitriptyline versus lidocaine in the treatment of neuropathic painj. Clin J Pain Silver MBlum DGrainger J. Double blind placebocontrolled trial of lamotrigine in combination with other medications for neuropathic pain J. J Pain Symptom Manage Yelland MJPoulos CJPillans PIet al. N-of-1 randomized trials to assess the efficacy of gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain J. Pain Med Jensen MPFriedman MBonzo Det al. The validity of the neuropathic pain scale for assessing diabetic neuropathic pain in a clinical trial J. Clin J Pain Jensen MPChiang Y-KWu J. Assessment of pain quality in a clinical trial of gabapentin extended release for postherpetic neuralgia J. Clin J Pain Stacey BRBarrett JAWhalen Eet al. Pregabalin for postherpetic neuralgia placebo-controlled trial of fixed and flexible dosing regimens on allodynia and time to onset of pain reliefj. J Pain Edwards RRHaythornthwaite JATella Pet al. Basal heat pain thresholds predict opioid anal-gesia in patients with postherpetic neuralgia J. Anesthesiology Wasner GKleinert ABinder Aet al. Postherpetic neuralgia topical lidocaine is effective in nociceptor deprived skinj. J Neurol Jensen MPChodroff MJDworkin RH. The impact of neuropathic pain on health-related quality of life review and implicationsj. Neurology O'Connor AB. Neuropathic pain. Quality-of-life impactcosts and cost effectiveness of therapyj. Pharmacoeconomics Deshpande MAHolden RRGilron I. The impact of therapy on quality of life and mood in neuropathic pain what is the effect of pain reduction J. Anesth Analg Armstrong DGChappell ASLe TKet al. Duloxetine for the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain evaluation of functional outcomes J. Pain Med Otto MBach FWJensen TSet al. Health-related quality of life and its predictive role for analgesic effect in patients with painful polyneuropathy J. Eur J Pain Baron RT lle TRGockel Uet al. A cross-sectional cohort survey in 2100 patients with painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia differences in demographic data and sensory symptoms J. Pain Cruccu GTruini A. Sensory profiles a new strategy for selecting patients in treatment trials for neuropathic painj. Pain Attal NFermanian CFermanian Jet al. Neuropathic pain are there distinct subtypes depending on the aetiology or anatomical lesion J. Pain