臨床及基礎醫學之應用

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育士寿
7 years ago
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2 E- / Find data bases to fit a research question Find research questions to fit existing data sets 2

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4 efficacy safety utilization marketing potential market 4

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6 IC 6

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9 Therapeutic efficacy / safety evaluation Exposure (cause): a certain treatment drug, procedure, education,... Outcome: the end result of care, or a measurable change in the health status or behavior of patients clinical, functional,... 9

.. Outcome: the end result of care, or a measurable change

10 Prospective cohort study Assemble the cohort inception cohort: onset of disease/zero time Measure predictor variables (prognostic/predictive) Follow-up and measure outcomes time to event (incidence): change of status surrogate, qol, : change of value 10

(prognostic/predictive) Follow-up and measure outcomes time to

11 Retrospective cohort study Identify a suitable cohort Collect data about predictor variables Collect data about outcomes at a later time basically also a cohort or follow-up study only difference: time of measurement common in clinical studies/data linkage not necessarily collecting outcomes later but at a later time than the occurrence of the exposure 11

follow-up study only difference: time of measurement common in clinical studies/data

12 Case-control study in outcome research Draw a sample of new (incident) cases (outcome +) Draw a sample of controls (outcome - at a certain time) a sample of hypothetical population from which cases came from Measure the predictor variables usually at the time when cases and controls are drawn 12

a sample of hypothetical population from which cases came from Measure

13 (HOSB) (DD) 13

14 (CD) (GD) ( ) 14

15 (DO) order_type order_code order_qty order_price order_amt 15

16 / (OO, GO) order_type drug_code drug_use drug_fre unit_price total_qty total_amt 16

17 CD DD OO DO CD-OO / DD-DO column column

18 OO/DO order_type 1= 18

19 drug_code : spital_6.htm 19

20 A A A A A A A A MENNA CAPSULES CYPRODIN TABLETS CYPRODIN TABLETS ALLERCUR S.C. TABLETS ALLERCUR S.C. TABLETS ALLERCUR S.C. TABLETS CYTADINE 2MG TABLETS(CYPRO CYTADINE TABLETS 4MG 20

32 ------ 840301 910401 840301 910101 890401 840301 840301 840301 ------- 991231 991231 910331 991231 901231 890331

21 drug_use 0 Unit =

22 drug_fre Qd, bid, tid, 22

23 drug_n B B A A A A B drug_u drug_f QD QD ASORDER TIDPC TIDPC TIDPC PRNPC 23

24 column column ( ) 24

25 CD-OO data CD; *length default= 4; infile 'd:\research\nhi\formal99\s_cd19990.dat' lrecl=209; input id $1-33 kind $34; proc sort data=cd; by id; run; data OO; *length default= 4; infile 'd:\research\nhi\formal99\s_oo19990.dat'; input id $1-33 order_t $34; proc sort data=oo; by id; run; 25

26 CD-OO data CDOO; merge CD OO; by id; run; data CDOO1; set CDOO; if kind ^= ' ' and order_t ^= ' '; run; 26

27 ; 100% 27

28 2001;20:43-51 Chen SY, Chie WC, Lan C, Lin MC, Lai JS, Lien IN. Rates and characteristics of lower limb amputations in Taiwan, Prosthetics and Orthotics International 2002;26:7-14. SCI Chie WC, Yang RS, Liu JP, Tsai KS. High incidence rate of hip fracture in Taiwan estimated from a nationwide health insurance database. Osteoporosis International 2004; 15: in press. SCI Shao PL, Chie WC, Wang CY, Yang CY, Lu CY, Chang LY, Huang LM, lee CY. Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in Taiwan, 1997 and J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2004; 37: SCI 28

29 OO DO GO ID 29

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