Microsoft Word - 16 齐霁缩一页.doc

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1 2013 3, 20(2): Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 研究论文 DOI: /SP.J 齐霁, 陈立侨, 孙盛明, 姜海波, 李二超, 禹娜, 摘要 : 2 6,, 1% 2%, 6 ( mg/kg ) 12 (0.22±0.01) g (Eriocheir sinensis) 6, 4 : mg/kg(1% ) 500 mg/kg(2% ),, 89% 88%; (P<0.05); 1%, mg/kg mg/kg (P<0.05); 2%, 500 mg/kg mg/kg 0 mg/kg (P<0.05), mg/kg (P>0.05); (P<0.05),,,, mg/kg ( 1% ) mg/kg ( 2%) : ; ; ; 中图分类号 : S94 文献标志码 : A 文章编号 : (2013) ,,,, ;,,,,,, [1],,, (Cyprinus carpio) [2] (Salvelinus namaycush) [3] (Pagrosomus major) [4] (Perca flavescens) [5], [2] (Ictalurus punctatus) [6],, (Ctenopharyngodonidellus) [7 8] (Monopterus albus) [9] [6] (Rachycentron canadum) [10 11] (Platichthys stellatus) [12] (Oreochromis niloticus) [13 14],, (Sciaenops ocektus) [15] ; 收稿日期 : ; 修订日期 : 基金项目 : ( ); 973 (2009 CB118702); ( ) ( ; ); (2012BAD25B00); (10JC ). 作者简介 :,,,. qjwqq@126.com 通信作者 :,. lqchen@bio.ecnu.edu.cn

2 2 : 373, [ (15±2) g] 400 mg/kg [16], 2% 4% [ ( ) g] [17] ; (Marsupenaeus japonicas Bate) [18 22] ;, (Litopenaeus vannamei) 871 mg/kg, 1.5% 3% [23] ; 5% 11%, (Penaeus monodon) mg/kg mg/kg [24],, 2 (Eriocheir sinensis),,, [25],, 1% 2%, ( mg/kg ),, , 12 ( 42%) ( 6%), 4,, (3:2) ( 1) 1% 2%, 0( ) mg/kg, : 1% mg/kg, 2% mg/kg 1.5 mm, 10%, 20 表 1 试验基础饲料配方 Tab.1 Formulation of the experimental diet ingredients casein 38 gelatin 10 corn starch 26.5 fish oil 3 soybean oil 2 lecithin 1 attractant 1 3 cholesterol 0.5 vitamin mixture 2 2 mineral mixture 3 (P-free) 4 celloluse 8 (CMC) 2 : 1. (%)( ): 0.6, 0.6, 0.6, 1.2; 2. ( )(mg/100g ): E, IU; C, 60 mg;, 240 mg; B6, 60 mg;, 120 mg; B1, 60 mg; H, 60 mg;, 600 mg;, 60 mg;, 600 mg; 3. (%)( ): NaH 2 PO 4, 10; KH 2 PO 4, 21.5; Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 2H 2 O, 26.5; CaCO 3, 10.5; Ca-lactate, 16.5; MgSO 4 7H 2 O, 10; AlCl 3 2H 2 O, 1.2; ZnSO 4 7H 2 O, 0.511; Fe-citrate, 0.061; MnSO 4 4H 2 O, 0.143; KI, 0.058; CuCl 2, 0.051; CoCl 2 6H 2 O, 0.176; KCl, (0.22±0.01) g,, (4 m 2.5 m 1 m) ( cm) 2, L 300 L, 35, 6 PVC ( 12 cm, 50 mm) 30 ( 12 cm, 25 mm), 4,, 25 31, ph , <0. 5 mg/l, <0.1 mg/l 8:00 16:00, 8% 10%, 1.5 h,, %

3 374 20, 1/3 1/2, 6 1.3, 24 h,, 4,, 8 20,,,, : = / 100% = ( )/ 100% (%/d)= (ln ln )/ 100% = /( ) 1.5 AOAC [26], (FOSS, Kjeltec 2200), (FOSS, Soxtec TM 2043, Denmark), 550 (14 h), 105 (24 h) Venugopal(1985) [27], :, % 10%, r/min 10 min, GPO-PAP CHOD-PAP,, 1.6 ± (mean ± SD), SPSS17, Duncan s, P<0.05 SAS, [28] (P<0.05)( 2); 2,,, 1%, mg/kg, mg/kg (P<0.05); 2%, 500 mg/kg, mg/kg (P<0.05); 2,, 1%, >500 mg/kg 500 mg/kg ; 2%, 500 mg/kg mg/kg 0 mg/kg ;,, 1%, mg/kg ( 1), 2% mg/kg ( 2) 2.2 1% 2%, (P<0.05) 1% 2%, mg/kg,,, mg/kg (P>

4 2 : 375 Tab.2 表 2 不同处理组中华绒螯蟹的生长性能和饲料系数 Effect of choline chloride and phospholipids on growth performance and feed utilization of Eriocheir sinensis x ± SD; n=4 /% phospholipids ( )/ (mg kg 1 ) choline /% WGR /(% d 1 ) SGR FCR /% survival 1 0(0) ±11.37 a 3.38±0.64 a 2.89±0.25 de 73.45±3.10 a 1 250(232) ±16.33 a 3.39±0.10 a 2.81±0.20 cde 77.35±3.01 abc 1 500(480) ±3.90 b 3.51.±0.21 b 3.11±0.16 e 78.10±3.99 abcd (960) ±12.48 def 3.73±0.61 def 2.46±0.21 abc 89.05±1.79 e (1986) ±20.17 de 3.72±0.12 de 2.43±0.19 ab 86.73±1.55 de (3876) ±15.97 efg 3.75±0.08 efg 2.47±0.29 abc 84.38±4.43 bcde 2 0(0) ±12.56 bc 3.60±0.07 bc 2.83±0.32 de 73.45±5.37 a 2 250(230) ±20.19 cd 3.62±0.11 cd 2.74±0.27 abcd 75.78±2.97 ab 2 500(476) ±11.28 g 3.86±0.05 g 2.39±0.12 a 88.28±2.97 e (956) ±5.83 fg 3.83±0.03 fg 2.43±0.11 ab 85.20±5.92 cde (1980) ±22.68 g 3.89±0.11 g 2.73±0.24 bcde 81.28±2.67 abcde (3882) ±18.58 g 3.85±0.09 fg 2.75±0.22 bcde 84.40±3.10 abc P choline phospholipids choline phospholipids : (P<0.05). Note: Values with the different superscripts of the same column are significantly different (P<0.05). 1 1% Fig.1 Dietary choline requirements for Eriocheir sinensis as effect by dietary 1% Phospholipids level 0.05)( 3) 2.3 ( 4), 1%, (0 mg/kg) mg/kg mg/kg (P<0.05), 2% 2 2% Fig.2 Dietary choline requirements for Eriocheir sinensis as effect by dietary 2% Phospholipids level, mg/kg mg/kg (P<0.05); 1%, mg/kg, 2%, ;,,

5 /% phospholipids Tab.3 表 3 饲料中不同胆碱水平对全蟹体成分的影响 Body biochemical composition of E. sinensis fed diets at different dietary chloride levels ( )/ (mg kg 1 ) choline /% moisture /% ash /% crude protein x ±SD; n=4 /% crude lipid 1 0(0) 65.63± ± ± ±0.07 e 1 250(232) 66.11± ± ± ±0. 05 de 1 500(480) 65.70± ± ± ±0.18 c (960) 65.64± ± ± ±0.75 ab (1986) 65.57± ± ± ±0.18 ab (3876) 65.99± ± ± ±0.52 b 2 0(0) 65.80± ± ± ±0.15 d 2 250(230) 65.65± ± ± ±0.10 d 2 500(476) 65.85± ± ± ±0.16 c (956) 65.91± ± ± ±0.07 a (1980) 65.71± ± ± ±0.14 ab (3882) 65.43± ± ± ±0.11 ab P choline phospholipids choline phospholipids : (P<0.05). Note: Values with different superscripts in the same column are significantly different (P<0.05). Tab. 4 表 4 胆碱对中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺生化指标的影响 Effects of dietary choline chloride on hepatopancreas biochemical parameters of E. sinensis x ±SD; n=4 /% phospholipids ( )/ (mg kg 1 ) choline TG / (mmol L 1 ) TCHO/ (mmol L 1 ) AST/ (U L 1 ) ALT/ (U L 1 ) 1 0(0) 1.01±0.06 e 4.57±0.18 e 9.90±0.52 e 18.79±2.56 e 1 250(232) 0.89±0.10 de 3.92±0.13 d 9.80±2.20 e 19.37±1.96 e 1 500(480) 0.76±0.17 abcd 3.69±0.15 c 7.13±0.57 cd 10.75±1.35 bc (960) 0.75±0.03 abcd 3.54±0.11 bc 6.23±0.60 bc 5.69±0.24 a (1986) 0.70±0.13 ab 3.60±0.08 bc 5.07±0.25 ab 4.16±1.22 a (3876) 0.63±0.23 a 3.54±0.06 bc 4.57±0.25 a 4.72±0.25 a 2 0(0) 0.88±0.16 cde 4.45±0.14 e 9.97±0.40 e 14.64±0.89 d 2 250(230) 0.79±0.08 bcd 3.91±0.16 e 9.43±0.42 e 11.79±0.92 bc 2 500(476) 0.76±0.07 abcd 3.57±0.06 bc 7.83±0.74 d 12.44±0.86 cd (956) 0.74±0.16 abc 3.43±0.05 b 5.93±0.35 abc 9.70±2.19 a (1980) 0.70±0.09 ab 3.20±0.08 a 5.00±0.66 ab 5.93±0.48 a (3882) 0.71±0.11 ab 3.23±0.05 a 4.80±1.42 ab 5.45±0.24 a P choline phospholipids choline phospholipids : (P<0.05). Note: Values with different superscripts in the same column are significantly different (P<0.05).

6 2 : , 1% 2% mg/kg mg/kg,, 0.06% 0.12% [18-22],, ; 5% 11% mg/kg mg/kg [24], ; 871 mg/kg, 1.5% 3%, [23] [16] [ (15±2) g] 400 mg/kg,,,, [7] [8] mg/kg mg/kg;, 4.2 g g 696 mg/kg [10] mg/kg [11] ;,,, mg/kg [13], mg/kg [14] 1% 2%, mg/kg 500 mg/kg,, [7 8] [9] [10 11], [3] [4], [1],,, 2%, mg/kg, 1% mg/kg, (Salmo salar) [29] [23], -D,, 3.2,, [8] (Micropterus salmoides) [30],,, [12] (Carassius auratus gibelio) [31] [8] ;, mg/kg [5],,,,,, [7 8] [6] [3] [9] [13 14] (Monrone saxatilis M.chrysops) [32], ( ),,,, [7]

7 378 20,,, [12],,,, [7],,,,, [13],,,,,, [13] 4,,,,, 1% 2%, mg/kg mg/kg 参考文献 : [1] National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp[M]. Washington D C: National Academics Press, 2011: 206. [2] Ogino C. Bviraman requirement of carp Requirements for choline [J]. Bull Jap Soc Sci Fish, 1970, 36: [3] Ketola G H. Choline metabolism and nutritional requirement of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) [J]. J Ani Sci, 1976, 43: [4] Millikin M R. Qualitative and Quantitative Nutrient Requirements of Fishes: a Review[M]. Fish Bull, 1982, 80: [5] Twibell R G, Brown P B. Dietary choline requirement of juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) [J]. J Nutr, 2000, 130: [6] Wilson R P, William E P. Choline nutrition of fingerling channel catfish [J]. Aquaculture, 1988, 68: [7],,. [J]., 1995,19(2): [8],,,. [J]., 2010, 17(3): [9],,. [J]., 2006, 30(5): [10] Mai K S, Xiao L D, Ai Q H, et al. Dietary choline requirement for juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum [J]. Aquaculture, 2009, 289: [11],,,. VE VC [J]. :, 2006, 25(1): [12],,,. [J]., 2011, 35(2): [13],,,. [J]., 2007, 14(2): [14] Shiau S Y, Lo P S. Dietary choline requirement of juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus O.aureus [J]. J Nut, 2000, 130: [15] Craig S R, Gatlin III D M. Growth and body composition of juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocektus) fed diets containing lecithin and supplemental choline [J]. Aquaculture, 1997, 151 (1 4): [16],,. VC VE [J]., 2000, 21(8): [17],,. [J]., 2004, 10(1): [18] Kanazawa A, Teshima S, Tanaka N. Nutritional requirements of prawn: V. Requirements for choline and inositol [J]. Mem Fac Fish Kagoshima Univ, 1976, 25: [19] Michael F R, Teshima S, Koshio S. Effects of water-soluble and fat-soluble choline sources on the performances of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus juveniles [J]. Aqu Res, 2005, 36, [20] Michael F R, Koshio S, Teshima S. Effect of choline and methionine as methyl group donors on juvenile Kuruma shrimp Marsu penaeus japonicus Bate [J]. Aquaculture, 2006, 258: [21] Michael F R, Koshio S, Teshima S. Effect of two choline sources on the performance of postlarval Marsupenaeus japonicus Bate [J]. Aquaculture, 2007, 13:

8 2 : 379 [22] Michael F R, Koshio S. Biochemical studies on the interactive effects of dietary choline and inositol in juvenile Kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus Bate [J]. Aquaculture, 2008, 285: [23] Gong H, Lawrence A L, Jiang D H. Effect of dietary phospholipids on the choline requirement of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles [J]. World Aqu Soc, 2003, 34: [24] Shiau S Y, Cho W H.Choline requirements of grass shrimp (Penaeus monodon) as affected by dietary lipid level [J]. Anim Sci, 2002, 75: [25],. [J]., 2009, 30(10): 1 6. [26] AOAC. Helrich K (Ed.), Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, [27] Venugopal P B. Choline. Methods of Vitamin Assay [M]. Augustin J, Klein B P, Becker D, et al. (Eds.). New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1985: [28] Robbins K R, Saxton A M. Estimation of nutrient requirement using broken line regression analysis [J]. J Anim Sci, 2006, 84: [29] Poston H A. Response of Atlantic salmon fry to feed-grade lecithin and choline [J]. Prog Fish-Culturist, 1991, 53: [30]., [D]. :, [31],,,. [C]// 2009, :, [32] Griffen M E, Wilson K A, White M R, et al. Dietary choline requirement of juvenile hybrid striped bass [J]. J Nutr, 1994, 124: Dietary choline requirements of juvenile Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis at two dietary phospholipid levels QI Ji, CHEN Liqiao, SUN Shengming, JIANG Haibo, LI Erchao, YU Na School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai , China Abstract: A 42-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary phospholipids on the choline requirement of the juvenile Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Twelve purified diets were formulated containing two phospholipid levels (1% and 2%) and six choline chloride levels (0, 250, 500, 1 000, and mg/kg diet), and were fed to E. sinensis juveniles (0.22g±0.01g) with four replicates in each treatment. The results showed that dietary choline and phospholipids had a significant interaction on survival, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Crabs fed diets with 1000 mg/kg dietary choline chloride (1% phospholipids) and 500 mg/kg choline chloride (2% phospholipids) obtained the highest survival rate, and significantly differed from that of other treatments with low choline chloride (P<0.05). Crab weight gain and specific growth rate significantly increased with dietary choline levels from 500 to 4000 mg/kg (P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio decreased significantly with dietary choline chloride increasing from to mg/kg (P<0.05) at the 1% phospholipid level. At the 2% phospholipid level, feed conversion ratios of crabs fed diets with 500 and 1000 mg/kg choline chloride were significantly lower than those of the 0 mg/kg group (P<0.05), but no significant differences were detected among the 250, and mg/kg groups. Whole body crude lipid hepatopancreas triglycerides, hepatopancreas total cholesterol, hepatopancreas glutamate pyruvate transaminase and glutamate aspartate transaminase activities significantly decreased with choline chloride increase, regardless of the phospholipid level (P<0.05). Broken-line regression analysis based on weight gain against dietary choline levels indicated that the optimal dietary choline requirements of juvenile E. sinensis were mg/kg and mg/kg at the 1% and 2% phospholipid levels, respectively. Key words: Eriocheir sinensis; choline; phospholipids; interaction Corresponding author: CHEN Liqiao. lqchen@bio.ecnu.edu.cn

9 ,, 12, 146, 23, 200, 6300, 5300,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 260 /, 200 / ( ), : 300, : : : ; , yanggang8708@163.com

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