2 8,,. 2,, [ - 3 ] 863 ( ) [ 4-5 ] 7 d [ 6-7] ( TG) ( Carassius aura- 3 g, 24 h, tus), 8 ( 000 L), %, [ ( ) g] 6, [ 8] ; ( Tilapia

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1 South China Fisheries Science Vol. 8, No. 3 Jun., 202 doi: / j. issn ,,,,, (., 50275; 2., ) : 8, ( Rachycentron canadum) 6, % 0. 0% 0. 20% 0. 30% 0. 40%, 0. 05% ( WG) ( SGR),, ; 0. 20% ( CF) ( HSI) ( 0. 0% ) ; ( TG), ; ( GPT),,, : ; ; ; : S : A : ( 202) Effects of dietary betaine on growth, nutritional components and serum biochemistry of Rachycentron canadum ZHANG Wenchao, LIANG Guiying, YANG Huijun, WANG Hualang 2, TIAN Lixia, LIU Yongjian (. Institute of Economic Aquatic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 50275, China; 2. Guangdong Evergreen Feed Industry Co., Ltd., Zhanjiang , China ) Abstract: We conducted an 8-week feeding experiment by designing 6 kinds of feed ( addition levels of betaine: 0, 0. 05%, 0. 0%, 0. 20%, 0. 30%, 0. 40% ) to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of betaine on the growth, nutritional components, serum biochemistry and enzyme activity on liver of juvenile Rachycentron canadum. The results show that when the addition level is 0. 05%, the weight gain ( WG) and specific growth rate ( SGR) reach the maximum; the condition of liver is the best; the protein content is the highest in both whole body and muscle. When the addition level is higher than 0. 20%, the condition factor ( CF) shows a negative correlation with the level of dietary betaine. Hepatosomatic index ( HSI) of each group is significantly lower than that of the control ( P < 0. 05), and the lipid mass fraction ( except for 0. 0% group) is lower than that of the control. The concentration of triglyceride ( TG) in serum is higher than that of the control, showing an increase-decrease trend. The activity of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ( GPT) of all groups are significantly lower than that of the control ( P < 0. 05). The results indicate that dietary supplementation of betaine can improve the growth and lipid metabolism for R. canadum, Key words: Rachycentron canadum; betaine; growth; lipid metabolism doing good to reduce the lipid of the fish. : ; : : ( 2007BAD29B04) : ( ),,, yahoo. com. cn :, edls@ mail. sysu. edu. cn

2 2 8,,. 2,, [ - 3 ] 863 ( ) [ 4-5 ] 7 d [ 6-7] ( TG) ( Carassius aura- 3 g, 24 h, tus), 8 ( 000 L), %, [ ( ) g] 6, [ 8] ; ( Tilapia nilotica) 3 2, 8: 00, 5: 00 8% 0%, 2 [ 9] ; ( Colossoma brachypomum),. 3 [ 0], ( 5 L min - ), ( Rachycentron canadum),, 7 mg L - ( ) ; , ; 29; ph ;,, 2 [ ]. 4 6% [ 2 ], 24 h,, 9 3 [ 3 ], ( Sciaenops ocellatus), ( CF) ( HSI) ( VSI) 5% 2%,, ( IPF), ; [ 4 ] 4,,, 0% [, ( 40% ) 00 ml,,, 4. 0 g, 900 ml],,, ; 2,. 6 ( N), 5 ( 96%, ) / ] 00 ), ( SGR) / % = [ ( ln % 0. 0% 0. 20% 0. 30%, %, ( FCR) = / (, + - ) 2 mm 4 mm 2 ( / % = [ / ] 00 / g cm - 3 = [ / 3 ] 00 ) - 20 / % = [ / ] 00, 6. 5 g, 4, r min - 0 min ( WG) ( SGR) ( FCR) : ( WG) / % = [ ( - - ln ) / ] 00

3 3 : 3 Tab. Approximate composition in experimental diets % raw ingredient w( ) / actual content of betaine/ group 0( ) 0. 05% 0. 0% 0. 20% 0. 30% 0. 40% ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) fish meal soybean meal fish oil corn oil wheat starch mineral premix vitamin premix 2 lecithin oil C V C K 2 HPO Ca( H 2 PO4) 2 choline chloride betaine taurine nutritional component( dry matter) : mositure crude protein crude lipid crude ash g : 72 mg, 576 mg, 25 mg, 2 mg, mg, 35 mg, 58 mg, 450 mg, 0 mg,. 08 mg; g : B 60 mg, B mg, K 3 40 mg, A 0. mg, B 6 40 mg, E 400 mg, B 2 0. mg, 6 mg 280 mg, 800 mg, 5 mg, 400 mg, Note:. In 000 g diet, mineral mixture contains: FeSO 4 72 mg, MgSO mg, CoCl 2 25 mg, MnSO 4 2 mg, KIO mg, AlCl 3 35 mg, CuSO 4 58 mg, NaCl 450 mg, ZnSO 4 0 mg, Na 2 SeO mg; 2. In 000 g diet, vitamin mixture contains: thiamin hydrochloride 60 mg, riboflavin 200 mg, pyridoxine hydrochloride 40 mg, cyanocobalamin 0. mg, calcium pantothenate 280 mg, nicotinic acid 800 mg, folic acid 5 mg, inositol 400 mg, menadione 40 mg, retinyl acetate 0. mg, phytogermine 400 mg, biotin 6. 0 mg. 00 / % = [ / ] 00 / % = [ / ] ( GPT) ( GOT) ( 0%, ) AOAC [ 5] 05 - ; ( 550 ) 7 h, ; ( ). 5 ; ( X SD) [ TG ( CHOL) ( LDL-C) ] 707A Duncan s, ( HDL-C), P < 0. 05

4 4 8 SPSS , ( P, > 0. 05) ( P > 0. 05) 56 d ( 2) ( P < 0. 05) WG, ( ) ; SGR WG 2 ( X SD, n = 3) Tab. 2 WG, SGR, FCR and survival of cobia / g / g / % / % / % group initial weight finial weight WG SGR FCR survival : a ab ab a b c c ab ab abc abc ab b a a ab a ab ab b ab bc bc a ( P <0. 05), Note: Within the same column, values with different superscripts are significantly different( P < 0. 05) ; the same case in the following tables. ( 3),,, ( P CF, ( P > 0. 05), < 0. 05) VSI ( P, < 0. 05), ( P < 0. 05) HSI IPF, ( P >0. 05) 3 ( X SD, n = 3) Tab. 3 CF, HSI, VSI and IPF of cobia group / g cm - 3 CF / % HS / % VSI /% IPF bcd c b bc b b cd bc b d ab ab b a a a ab ab CHOL ( P > 0. 05) ( 4) TG, ( P > 0. 05) 2. 3 ( P <0. 05), ( P > 0. 05),, TG,, HDL-C ( P < 0. 05), ( P < 0. 05) ; ( P >0. 05) LDL-C ( P > 0. 05),

5 3 : 5, 0. 05) ( 5) 2. 4 GPT GOT, GPT ( P < 0. 05), ( P > 0. 05) ( P > GOT ( P >0. 05) ( 6) 4 ( X SD, n = 3) Tab. 4 CHOL, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C concentration of cobia in serum mmol L - group c( ) CHOL c( ) c( ) c( ) TG HDL-C LDL-C a ab ab ab b ab ab ab ab a ab b ( X SD, n = 3, ) Tab. 5 W hole body, muscle and liver composition of cobia ( wet weight) % group whole body composition moisture protein lipid ash muscle composition moisture protein ab b ab ab ab a lipid ash liver composition moisture ab abc a ab bc c protein lipid ab ab b ab a a 6 ( X SD, n = 3) Tab. 6 GPT and GOT activity of liver of cobia U mg prot - group GPT b a a a a a GOT

6 ,, ; 0. 05%, ; 0. 0% 0. 20% bus) [ 5 ] ; 0. 30% 0. 40%,, 3 3., WG, [ 9] [ - 2 ],, 0. 8%. 0%, WG,, [ 8 ] ( T 3 ), - ;, [ 6] [ 3],, 0. 3% ( C. auratus gibe-, [ 3] lio) ;, SGR 0. 0%, ; ( On % CF, 0. 30% corhynchus tshawytscha), 0. 40%, 0. 0% 0. 20%,,, ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii) [ 7 ] [ 8 ] ( Monopterus al- WG SGR, 0. 05%, [ 4 ] CF, 0. 40% 0. 60% 0. 80% a % ; b % ; c % ; d % ; e % ; f. Fig. Cross sections of liver biopsy of cobia fed with different levels of betaine a. 0. 0% addition; b % addition; c % addition; d % addition; e % addition; f. control

7 3 : 7 [ 8] ;, GPT, ( 40% ) 0. % CF, ( 25 mg kg - ) +, ( 5 mg kg - ) [ 20 ] GOT, GOT, CF, GPT, HSI, GOT, 0. 6%, GPT, [ 8] ;, [ ] HSI, HSI, 3. 2, 0. 0% 0. 20% 0. 30%, ( 0. 40% 0. 40%, ), 0. 05%,,,,,, 0. 05% ( 0. 0% ),, GPT,, 0. %, 0. 3% [ 9, 8, 25-26], [ 4 ] ;, 0. 05%, 0. 4%, [ 8 ] [ 8, 8, 2 7] ;, [ 2 8],,, [ 5], 0. 05%,,, 75%, [ 2-22 ] [ ] 25%,, 0. 5% 0. % [ 6 ] 3. 3, TG,,, ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus) [ 23] TG [ 24], : TG TG,,, [ 7] GPT GPT, 0. 05%, TG, [ ] OWRY K R, ROSEBROUGH N J, FARR A L, et al. Efficacy of betaine relative to choline as a dietary methyl donor [ J]. Sci, 987, 66( ) : Poultry [ 2] SMITH J W, NELSEN J L, GOODBAND R D, et al. The effect of supplementation growing-finishing swine diets with betaine and ( or) choline on growth and carcass characteristics [ J]. J Anim Sci,

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