522 42, (Procambarus clarkii), 7g, (24% 27% 30%), 3 (4% 7% 10%), 9, 4, ,, 2mm, 4 1.3, ( )g 432, 36 ( cm, ), 10 ( : =

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1 42 4 Vol.42, No OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA July, 2011 (Procambarus clarkii) * ( ; ) 3 3, [ ( )g] 3 (24% 27% 30%) 3 (4% 7% 10%), 9, 4, 10, 8, (P>0.05), (P<0.05) 10% 4% 7% (P<0.05), (P<0.05) (P<0.05) (P<0.05), 27%, 4% 7%,,,,, S966 (Procambarus clarkii), (, 2005),,,,,,,, 2g,, (, 2010),,, (Joaquin et al, 2001; Jover et al, 1999; Aclefors et al, 1992),, (7g), *, PJ ; ( ), ,, xuweina@njau.edu.cn :,,, wbliu@njau.edu.cn : , :

2 522 42, (Procambarus clarkii), 7g, (24% 27% 30%), 3 (4% 7% 10%), 9, 4, ,, 2mm, 4 1.3, ( )g 432, 36 ( cm, ), 10 ( : = 1 : 1),, 40cm, 27 33, ph , 5mg/L, 3.8mg/L, 5.0% 3.5%,, 3, 06 : : : 30,, 8 表 1 试验饲料配方及营养水平 Tab.1 Ingredients and proximate composition of experimental diets P24L4 P24L7 P24L10 P27L4 P27L7 P27L10 P30L4 P30L7 P30L ) (wt.%) ) / 3) ) / 5) : 1) : A IU, D IU, E 4500mg, K 3 220mg, B 1 320mg, B mg, B mg, B 6 500mg, B mg, C 5000mg, 1000mg, 165mg, 60000mg : 2.0g, 25g, 22g, 7g, 0.04g, 0.026g, 0.1g 2) : kj/g 3) : g /MJ 4) : 16.7kJ/g kJ/g (Jover et al, 1999) 5) : g /MJ

3 4 : (Procambarus clarkii) ,,, : (SR, %) = 100(N f / N i ), N f, N i ; (WG, %) = 100[(W f W i ) / W i ], W f, W i ; (SGR)(%/d) = 100(lnW f lnw i )/T, W f, W i, T ,,,,, 65, (105±2) (N 6.25) (FOSS KT260, ) ; ;, (550±20) 5h ; (ANKOM A2000i, ) ; (Parr 1281, ) 1.4.3, 9 (W/V) 4, ( ),, 4000r/min 10min(4 ), (2007),, 0.5% 2ml, 0.04moL/L EDTA-Na 2 0.1ml, 0.2moL/L (ph=3.0) 0.4ml, 0.4ml, 0.6ml, 3.5ml,, 37 15min, 30% 1ml, 3600r/min 15min 1ml 0.4mol/L 5ml, 1ml, 37 20min, nm,, 1 g, 100ml AMS, 37 30min, 10mg 1 (U) 27, 1min, 1 mol 1.5 ± (Mean±SE), SPSS16.0,, (two-way ANOVA), S2N2K Duncan, , (P<0.05), (P>0.05), (P>0.05) (28d) (56d), (P>0.05), (P<0.05) P24L4 P27L4 P30L4, 56, P24L10 (P<0.05) (P>0.05), 95%, 90% , (DM) (CP) (Ash) (P<0.05), (EF) (P>0.05), (P>0.05) 27% 24% 30%, 30% 7%, P27L7 (P<0.05), (P<0.05), P30L7 (P<0.05), (P<0.05), 4, (P>0.05), (P<0.05);

4 Tab.2 表 2 饲喂不同日粮蛋白和脂肪水平克氏螯虾的增重率特定生长率和成活率 (n=4) Weight gain, specific growth rate and survival ratio of crayfish fed with different dietary protein and lipid levels (n=4) ( / ) (28d, %) (56d, %) (28d, %) (56d, %) (28d, %) (56d, %) P24L4(17.55) 84.22±5.75 ab ±9.659 a 2.17±0.11 ab 1.52±0.07 a 95.00± ±2.89 a P24L7(17.00) 73.82±5.87 b ±9.159 ab 1.97±0.12 b 1.43±0.07 ab ± ±4.79 ab P24L10(15.88) 73.46±7.97 b ±6.479 b 1.95±0.16 b 1.37±0.05 b ± ±6.29 ab P27L4(20.01) 83.18±3.43 ab ±9.979 a 2.16±0.07 ab 1.56±0.07 a ± ±5.00 ab P27L7(18.77) 81.62±2.89 ab ± ab 2.13±0.06 ab 1.48±0.09 ab 97.50± ±2.89 ab P27L10(17.85) 75.52±0.85 ab ±4.907 ab 2.18±0.17 ab 1.41±0.04 ab 97.50± ±5.77 ab P30L4(22.35) 89.05±7.62 a ± a 2.26±0.15 a 1.53±0.14 a 95.00± ±4.79 ab P30L7(20.97) 84.21±1.86 ab ±3.891 ab 2.18±0.04 ab 1.49±0.03 ab ± ±2.89 ab P30L10(19.96) 76.78±3.71 ab ±3.616 ab 2.03±0.08 ab 1.46±0.02 ab ± ±4.08 b ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± : (P>0.05) 表 3 饲喂不同日粮蛋白和脂肪水平克氏螯虾全虾营养成分 (n=4) Tab.3 Whole-body proximate composition of crayfish fed with different dietary protein and lipid levels (n=4) ( / ) (%) (%) (%) (%) P24L4(17.55) 33.33±1.03 ab 40.27±1.07 a 10.35±0.59 ac 32.54±0.91 abc P24L7(17.00) 30.95±0.57 ab 40.27±0.67 a 8.06±0.98 a 33.44±1.74 ac P24L10(15.88) 30.19±1.96 a 40.52±1.99 a 9.23±1.12 ac 32.00±2.47 abc P27L4(20.01) 33.27±1.49 ab 41.02±0.61 a 7.89±1.17 a 33.06±2.30 ac P27L7(18.77) 34.66±0.95 b 36.79±1.13 a 7.52±2.42 a 35.14±1.64 a P27L10(17.85) 33.27±0.83 ab 38.42±1.44 a 9.11±1.29 ac 34.85±1.41 a P30L4(22.35) 32.13±0.97 ab 40.68±1.49 a 6.05±1.78 b 33.79±3.17 ac P30L7(20.97) 29.92±2.81 a 45.31±2.98 b 10.30±2.05 ac 27.29±1.53 b P30L10(19.96) 29.78±1.34 a 41.22±1.41 ab 13.02±0.96 c 29.15±1.36 bc ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± : (P>0.05)

5 4 : (Procambarus clarkii) 525 (P>0.05), (P<0.05), (P=0.035), 24% 27% 4% (P>0.05); P27L7 P30L7 P24L10 (P<0.05); P27L4 P27L10 P27L7 P30L10 5, (P<0.05), (P>0.05), (P=0.035) 27%, 30%,, 10% P30L10 P24L4 P27L4 P27L7 P30L4 P30L7 (P<0.05); P24L10 P30L10 (P<0.05); P27L7 P30L7 P30L10 P24L7 (P<0.05), (P>0.05) (P>0.05), (P>0.05) ; 30% 7% P30L4 P30L7 P24L7 (P<0.05); P30L10 P24L7 P27L7 P30L4 (P<0.05) (P>0.05) 7, (P>0.05), 表 4 饲喂不同日粮蛋白和脂肪水平克氏螯虾肌肉营养成分 (n=4) Tab.4 Muscle proximate composition of crayfish fed with different dietary protein and lipid levels (n=4) ( / ) (%) (%) (%) P24L4(17.55) 76.72± ±0.35 ab 1.72±0.25 bc P24L7(17.00) 75.35± ±0.67 ab 1.75±0.19 bc P24L10(15.88) 75.36± ±0.46 b 2.09±0.35 abc P27L4(20.01) 75.29± ±0.41 ab 2.68±0.30 a P27L7(18.77) 75.63± ±0.55 a 1.67±0.26 c P27L10(17.85) 75.77± ±0.28 ab 2.85±0.28 a P30L4(22.35) 74.97± ±0.29 ab 2.60±0.41 ab P30L7(20.97) 75.36± ±0.19 a 1.73±0.12 bc P30L10(19.96) 75.05± ±0.35 ab 1.50±0.61 c ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± : (P>0.05)

6 表 5 饲喂不同日粮蛋白和脂肪水平克氏螯虾肝胰脏营养成分 (n=4) Tab.5 Hepatopancreas proximate composition of crayfish fed with different dietary protein and lipid levels (n=4) ( / ) (%) (%) (%) P24L4(17.55) 46.93±5.04 a 7.90±0.39 ab 26.49±2.21 ab P24L7(17.00) 53.70±1.32 ab 7.79±0.31 ab 20.47±3.98 a P24L10(15.88) 52.88±2.51 ab 9.55±1.44 a 25.99±2.06 ab P27L4(20.01) 45.93±3.72 a 8.65±0.22 ab 25.21±5.15 ab P27L7(18.77) 48.81±4.63 a 8.40±1.03 ab 28.72±5.70 b P27L10(17.85) 53.20±1.65 ab 8.19±0.52 ab 25.29±2.37 ab P30L4(22.35) 48.56±1.87 a 8.32±0.17 ab 25.01±2.52 ab P30L7(20.97) 48.30±2.82 a 8.09±0.30 ab 29.32±1.77 b P30L10(19.96) 59.27±2.52 b 7.27±0.24 b 30.58±4.73 b ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± : (P>0.05) (P>0.05) (P<0.05), (P< 0.05) 24% ; 10% P30L10 P27L7 (P<0.05); P24L4 P30L10 P24L7 P27L4 P30L7 (P<0.05); (P>0.05) 3 3.1,,,,,,, (Aclefors et al, 1992) Rodríguez-Gonzáleza (2006), 32% Cortés-Jacinto (2003) 31%, Akiyama(1991) 6% 7.5%, 10%,,,, 27% 30%, 4%,, 90% (2007) 27% 33%,, 65%,,

7 4 : (Procambarus clarkii) 527 表 6 饲喂不同日粮蛋白和脂肪水平克氏螯虾肠道消化酶活性 (n=4) Tab.6 Intestinal tract digestive enzymes activities of crayfish fed with different dietary protein and lipid levels (n=4) ( / ) (U/ g) (U/g port) (U/g prot) P24L4(17.55) 80.91±5.64 ab 27.00±5.67 ab 0.64±0.04 P24L7(17.00) 71.23±2.67 a 19.84±5.93 a 0.53±0.02 P24L10(15.88) 83.64±5.52 ab 21.87±4.24 ab 0.61±0.04 P27L4(20.01) 78.81±4.48 ab 25.91±1.55 ab 0.56±0.02 P27L7(18.77) 75.20±4.05 ab 18.70±4.91 a 0.59±0.05 P27L10(17.85) 83.89±3.97 ab 26.20±7.90 ab 0.60±0.03 P30L4(22.35) 97.83±9.07 b 14.40±5.42 a 0.73±0.18 P30L7(20.97) 96.48±1.54 b 22.38±2.08 ab 0.70±0.07 P30L10(19.96) 90.52±5.59 ab 37.04±2.15 b 0.63± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± : (P>0.05) 表 7 饲喂不同日粮蛋白和脂肪水平克氏螯虾肝胰脏消化酶活性 (n=4) Tab.7 Hepatopancreas digestive enzymes activities of crayfish fed with different dietary protein and lipid levels (n=4) ( / ) (U/ g) (U/g port) (U/g prot) P24L4(17.55) 63.66±4.30 ab 32.78±5.62 a 0.58±0.03 P24L7(17.00) 61.84±5.99 ab 18.34±0.78 b 0.60±0.03 P24L10(15.88) 61.82±6.34 ab 27.51±3.52 ac 0.55±0.05 P27L4(20.01) 58.20±6.13 ab 15.92±0.36 b 0.53±0.04 P27L7(18.77) 51.41±2.43 b 29.67±4.20 ac 0.47±0.01 P27L10(17.85) 64.47±2.22 ab 23.00±2.14 abc 0.70±0.04 P30L4(22.35) 51.65±3.59 ab 23.22±2.11 acb 0.44±0.03 P30L7(20.97) 57.51±3.58 ab 12.11±1.26 b 0.51±0.01 P30L10(19.96) 65.03±5.36 a 35.74±2.11 a 0.65± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± : (P>0.05)

8 528 42,,,, 4%, 24% 27% 30%, 3, Castell (1989), A,, A,,,,,,,,, 3.2,, 10%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30%, 3.3, 30%, 94.94U/ g,,,, Lee (1984) 30%,, (, 2004; Kawai et al, 1972),,, 10%,,,,,,,,, 4, 7g 27% 4% 7%, P27L4, P30L4 P24L4L, P27L7 P30L7 ;, P30L7 P30L10, P24L7, 25% P24L4 P30L10, 27%, 4% 7%,,, , 37(5): 36 41,,, E

9 4 : (Procambarus clarkii) 529 (Cherax quadricarinatus)., 36(4): ,,, (Paneaus vannamei)., 41(4): ,,, , 23(6): Aclefors H, Castell J D, Boston L D et al, Standard experimental diets for crustacean nutrition research II growth and survival of juvenile crayfish Astacus fed diets containing various amounts of protein, carbohydrate and lipid. Aquaculture, 104 (3 4): Akiyama D M, Soybean meal utilisation by marine shrimp. In: Akiyama D M, Tan R K H ed. Proceedings of the Aquaculture Feed Processing and Nutrition Workshop, Thailand and Indonesia, September American Soybean Association, Singapore, Castell J D, Kean J C, Dabramo L R et al, A standard reference diet for crustacean nutrition research. I. evaluation of two formulations. Journal of the Word Aquaculture Society, 20(3): Cortés-Jacinto E, Villarreal-Colmenares H, Civera-Cerecedo R et al, Effect of dietary protein level on growth and survival of juvenile freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Decapoda: Parastacidae). Aquaculture Nutrition, 9(4): Joaquin P, Gutierrez Y U, Motes C, Bioenergetics of juveniles of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A, 130: Jover M, Ferna ndez-carmona J, Del R ıo M C et al, Effect of feeding cooked-extruded diets, containing different levels of protein, lipid and carbohydrate on growth of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Aquaculture, 178: Kawai S, Ikeda S, Studies on digestive enzymes of fish II. Effect of dietary change on the activities of digestive enzymes in carp intestine. Bulletin of Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 38(3): Lee P G, Smithll L, Digestive protease of Penaeus vannamei Boone: relationship between enzyme activity, size and diet. Aquaculture, 42: Rodríguez-Gonzáleza H, García-Ulloab M, Hernández-Llamasa A et al, Effect of dietary protein level on spawning and egg quality of redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus. Aquaculture, 257(1 4): EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIETARY PROTEIN AND LIPID LEVEL ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BODY COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIVE ENZYMES ACTIVITIES OF RED SWAMP CRAYFISH PROCAMBARUS CLARKII XU Wei-Na 1, LIU Wen-Bin 1, SHEN Mei-Fang 2, WANG Ying 1, ZHU Jie 1, XU Gang 1, CHENG Long 1 (1. Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, ; 2. Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, ) Abstract A bifactorial model (3 3) was used to investigates the effect of dietary protein and lipid on growth performance, body composition and digestive enzymes activities of juvenile red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Nine groups of crayfish with four replicates and 10 crayfish [average weight (7.03±0.05)g] per replicate were fed nine experimental diets containing three protein levels (24%, 27% and 30%) and three lipid levels (4%, 7% and 10%) for 8 weeks. The result showed that survival rate (SR) of crayfish were not affected significantly (P>0.05) by dietary protein and lipid. Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of crayfish were affected significantly (P<0.05) by dietary lipid. When grouped by lipid levels, the WG and SGR of crayfish fed the diets containing 10% lipid were lower than that of fish fed the diets containing 4% or 7% lipid (P<0.05). Proximate analysis indicated that whole-body dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and ash contents or muscle CP and crude lipid (EF) contents were affected significantly (P<0.05) by dietary protein. Whole-body and muscle crude lipid (EF) were affected significantly (P<0.05) by dietary lipid. Intestinal tract and hepatopancreas protease and lipase activities were affected significantly (P<0.05) by dietary protein and lipid, respectively. In conclusion, positive impacts of optimizing protein and lipid component in terms of economic and environmental concerns, diet containing lipid 4% 7% and protein 27% with protein was beneficial consequences of further refinement of commercial juvenile crayfish production feed. Key words Dietary protein, Dietary lipid, Growth performance, Body composition, Digestive enzymes, Procambarus clarkii

32期

32期中国农学通报 2014,30(32):38-42 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 中草药饲料添加剂对黄鳝性激素含量的影响 1,2 1,2 1,2 2 赵庆凯, 丁炜东, 邴旭文, 王建新 ( 1 南京农业大学无锡渔业学院, 江苏无锡 214081; 2 中国水产