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11 11. (phytic acid

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14 (Barber et al, 1972 (Johnson et al, 1974,1985) (Nishizawa et al, 1990) Hayakawa (net protein utilization) Lys (Hayakawa, 1985) (1973), ( EPT) 14

15 % ( ) EPT 40. 8

16 Table 1.The compositon of the essiential amino acid in rice, and WHO think the best model that is the proportion of protein and amino acid 16

17 17 rate,nuu and efficiency of ) ( 100 ) ( ) ( 100 BV = = CD ) ( ) ( 100 NPU = = =PER(

18 18 C << >> << >> << >> (,2003)

19 19 (,2003) E Kris-Etherton 21%(Penny M., 1990)

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28 Table 5.General characteristics of phytase from various sources. 28

29 3-3-phytase(E.C ) 6-6-phytase(E.C ) (Wodiznski and Ullah, phytas 6-phytase ( ) 29

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31 1. (Simons et al., 1990 (,1998) (,1997)Cromwell 31

32 Figure 4. Predominant pathways for the hydrolysis of phytate by plant and fungal phytases. 32

33 34~54%(Cromwell, 1991) (,1998) (,199 ) 2. A. niger NRRL % 70% (Han and Wiferd,1988 Verdoes

34 (Verdoes et al., 1995) A. fumigatus % 9 Fungi A. niger A. ficuum 100U/mg protein ph ph 5.5 (Howson and Davis, 1983) 2003 Escherichia coli appa Selenomas ruminantium SrPf6 (Oryza-sativa L. cv. Tainung 67)-amylase (Amy8) promoter SrPf6 appa ph

35 U/kg rice E. coli (Pandey et al., 2001.) 35

36 appa -amylase promoter 50,000 U/kg rice (Hong et al., 2003) 36

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56 Figur 56

57 18% Lina Hiroo(2003)Rimbach(1995) 20% Wistar

58 rice peanut Rice milk powder % phytate protein oil

59 542 (Feed efficiency) 0.33% ( ) % 11% 15%( ) ( ) ( ) 5% 14% 16%( ) 59

60 Tabl a Each value is the mean a-b Mean in the same column with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05) 60

61 Table 12Effect of phytate and phytase on apparent absorption of iron and zinc Mineral Diet fecal Feed intake absorption mg/day % of intak a a b c a a a bc a a ab b a a a a a a a d ab a a c bc a ab b c a b a % of intake = absorption / intake Each value is the mean a-b Mean in the same column with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05) 61

62 Table 13Effect of phytate and phytase on apparent absorption of calcium and phosphorus Mineral Diet fecal Feed intake absorption mg/day % of Intak a a a c a a a bc ab a a b b a a a a b b c a a a bc b ab a ab b a a a % of intake = absorption / intake Each value is the mean a-b Mean in the same column with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05) 62

63 Table 14Effect of phytate and phytase on apparent absorption of magniesium Mg fecal Feed intake absorption mg/day % of intake 1* a a b d 2* a a a c 3* b a a b 4* b a a a feed efficiency = absorption / intake Each value is the mean a-b Mean in the same column with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05) 63

64 ( ) 1<2<3<4 11% 19% 21%

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68 68 (CNS (CN (CN,,, 1998 (5):11

69 , :,13 : , ,75(8):

70 :,; 1-7,1998.,(15):12,. 70

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85 Condition : Standard solution: Iron in 5% HNO 3 Injection volume : Concentration range:0-6 ppm Figure 1. Fe standard curve Condition : Standard solution: Zinc in 5% HNO 3 Injection volume : Concentration range: ppm Figure 2. Zn standard curve 85

86 Condition : Standard solution: Calcium in 5% HNO 3 Injection volume : Concentration range:0-5 ppm Figure 3. Ca standard curve Condition : Standard solution: KH 2 PO 4 in H 2 O Concentration range: 0-4 ppm Figure 4. P standard curve 86

87 Condition : Injection volume : Concentration range : Figure 5. Mg standard curve 87

蔬菜有機栽培

蔬菜有機栽培 1 2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (ph ) ph 5.5~7.0 (ph 6.0 ) (ph 7.5 ) 8.0 a. ( ) b. ( ) c. 3 (