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1 47 3 Vol.47, No OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA May, 2016 (Epinephelus akaara) * 1 ( ),, 25% 50% 75% 100%, 4 (50.26% 51.03%) ( kJ/g), 3, 20, 6, (FCR), (1.96±0.42), (PER) (HSI), (P>0.05) (P>0.05) 25% (P<0.05), 50% 100% (P>0.05), (C18:2n6) (P<0.05), ARA(C20:4n6) EPA(C20:5n3) DHA(C22:6n3) 75%,, ; ; ; S963 doi: /hyhz ,, (Stickney et al, 1989),,, (, 2015;, 2015),,,,,,,, (Figueiredo-Silva et al, 2005; NRC, 2011), Peng (2008), 60% 80%, (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) Izquierdo (2003) (Sparus aurate) (Dicentrarchus labrax) 60%,, (Epinephelus akaara),,,,,, (Wang et al, 2016), *, LY16C ;, 2015C34002 ;, 2015C33089 ;, 2014C41009,, @qq.com :,, [email protected] : , :

2 3 : (Epinephelus akaara) 641, (Wang et al, 2016) (Jiang et al, 2015),,, 1 1.1,, 25% (S25) 50% (S50) 75% (S75) 100% (S100), 4 (50.26% 51.03%) ( kJ/g) ( 1) 2 表 1 实验饲料配方及营养组成 (%) Tab.1 Formulation and composition of experimental diets (%) CMC VC (g/100g ) (kj/g) (g/kg): 4g, 5g, 200g, 0.6g, 1.5g, B g, D 10g, 20g, 4g, 5g, E 40g, A 5g, D 4.8g, α g 2. (g/kg): MgSO 4 7H 2 O 90.43g, Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) g, KI 0.02g, KH 2 PO g, FeSO 4 7H g, CuSO 4 5H 2 O 0.34g, NaCl 32.33g, KCl 65.75g, CoCl 2 6H 2 O 0.79g, ZnSO 4 7H 2 O 8.44g, 38.26g, K 2 SO g, (98%) g, MnSO 4 H 2 O 0.37g, 60, 2.5mm 45 C 12h 20 C 表 2 实验饲料的脂肪酸组成 Tab.2 Fatty acid composition of experimental diets C14: C16: C18: SFA C16: C18:1n MUFA C18:2n C18:3n C20:4n C20:5n C22:6n PUFA n-3 HUFA n-3/ n ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. n-3 1.2, ( ), 2, 2, L PE 4, 3, 20 ( 6g) 6, 9:00 18:00 2,, (28±2) C, (25±1)g/L, 6mg/L, 0.1mg/L 1.3, 18,, 24h,, 3 ; 6, MS-222,, 76 C,

3 AOAC(1995) (N 6.25) (K355/K437, Buchi, Flawil, Switzerland); (E816, Buchi, Flawil, Switzerland); (Freeze Dryer LL1500, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA), 550 C - (2 : 1, V/V) (FAME) (GC 7890B, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA) (60m 250μm; DB-23 Agilent, America) ( 70 C, 20 C /min 150 C, 6 C/min 180 C, 20 C/min 220 C, 6min), ( : kpa; : 1mL/min) 250 C 300 C 1.5 ± Microsoft Office Excel 2007, SPSS 18.0 (IBM, Chicago, USA) for Windows (ANOVA),, Duncan s,, P< ( 3) 3, (WG) (SGR) (P>0.05), 100% WG SGR (DFI) (P>0.05) (FCR) (P<0.05),,, FCR (1.96±0.42) 100%, 25% 75% 3 (P>0.05) (PER), 100% (1.06±0.21) 表 3 豆油替代鱼油对赤点石斑鱼幼鱼生长及饲料利用的影响 Tab.3 Effect of dietary fish oil replacement by soybean oil on growth performance and feed utilization of red spotted grouper E. akaara (IBW)(g) (FBW)(g) (WG)(%) (SGR)(%/d) (FCR) ab b b a (PER) ab a a b (DFI) (P<0.05), (P>0.05); 2. (WG, %)=100 (FBW-IBW)/IBW; (SGR,%/d)=100 [ln(fbw)-ln(ibw)]/42; (FCR)= /(FBW-IBW); (PER)=(FBW-IBW)/ ; (DFI)=100 /( + )/ ( 4, 5) 4, 100% (HSI), (P>0.05) (P>0.05) ( 5) 25% (7.36±0.32), 75% 100%, 50% 100% 表 4 豆油替代鱼油对赤点石斑鱼幼鱼生物学指标的影响 Tab.4 Effect of dietary fish oil replacement by soybean oil on biometric parameters of red spotted grouper E. akaara (VSI) 14.15± ± ± ±1.04 (HSI) 1.10± ± ± ±0.31 (IPF) 1.62± ± ± ± (P<0.05), (P>0.05); 2. (VSI)= / 100; (HSI)= / 100; (IPF)= / 100

4 3 : (Epinephelus akaara) 643 表 5 豆油替代鱼油对赤点石斑鱼幼鱼体组成的影响 Tab.5 Effect of dietary fish oil replacement by soybean oil on body composition of red spotted grouper E. akaara 70.60± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.32 a 6.81±0.27 ab 6.62±0.34 b 6.71±0.35 b 76.40± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.59 (P<0.05), (P>0.05) (P>0.05) (P>0.05) 2.3 ( 6) 6,, (C18:2n6) (PUFA) (P<0.05); ARA(C20:4n6) EPA (C20:5n3) DHA(C22:6n3), 25% 75% (P>0.05) Tab.6 表 6 豆油替代鱼油对赤点石斑鱼幼鱼鱼体脂肪酸组成的影响 Effect of dietary fish oil replacement by soybean oil on body fatty acids composition of red spotted grouper E. akaara C14: ±0.21 a 3.30±0.42 ab 3.04±0.08 bc 2.80±0.07 c C16: ±0.53 a 19.07±0.62 ab 19.01±0.17 ab 18.47±0.16 b C18: ± ± ± ±0.43 SFA ±0.67 a 30.28±0.72 ab 30.07±0.30 b 29.40±0.41 b C16: ±0.34 a 4.54±0.52 ab 4.19±0.19 bc 3.87±0.09 c C18:1n ± ± ± ±0.74 MUFA ± ± ± ±0.83 C18:2n ±1.51 b 18.96±0.90 b 24.25±1.74 a 26.46±0.41 a C18:3n ± ± ± ±2.25 C20:4n ±0.05 a 1.29±0.11 a 1.18±0.07 a 0.90±0.20 b C20:5n ±0.16 ab 5.19±0.68 a 5.21±0.93 a 3.92±0.47 b C22:6n ±0.25 a 12.56±1.01 a 11.69±0.77 a 9.62±1.58 b PUFA ±1.06 b 43.33±2.13 ab 45.42±0.34 a 45.37±0.67 a n-3 HUFA ±0.39 a 17.75±1.25 a 16.90±1.65 a 13.54±1.92 b n-3/ n ±0.17 a 1.14±0.10 a 0.79±0.10 b 0.66±0.04 b (P<0.05), (P>0.05) 3, 6,, (Oncorhynchus mykiss)(, 2009; Thanuthong et al, 2011a, b) (Hucho taimen)(, 2006) (Peng et al, 2008) (Scophthalmus maximus) (Peng et al, 2014),, WG,, FCR PER, FCR PER, Xu (2012) (Siganus canaliculatus), (HUFA), (DHA) (EPA), Turchini (2009), HUFA,

5 EPA DHA, EPA DHA 0.8% 2% (NRC, 2011), EPA DHA 0.3%,,,, 25%, 50% 75% EPA DHA, EPA DHA, (Rachycentron canadum)(, 2007) (Caballero et al, 2002) (Salmo salar)(bell et al, 2001) (Bell et al, 1995) Skonberg (1994),, EPA DHA, EPA DHA, EPA DHA, EPA DHA, (, 2015), C18:2n6, C18:2n6, C18:3n3, C18:3n3, C18:3n3 C18:2n6 (Thanuthong et al, 2011), HUFA (Bell et al, 2001; Caballero et al, 2002),, n-3 HUFA(, 2015), EPA DHA,, HUFA,, HUFA n-3/n-6,, (, 2015), (, 2014) Peng (2008),,,, 25%, 75% (2015), PUFA,,,,, 75% 25%, PUFA, 75%,, (, 2014) (Peng et al, 2008) (Turchini et al, 2009) 4,, 75%, ; EPA DHA, EPA DHA,,, , 13(6): ,,, ( ), 26(3): ,,, , 27(5): ,,, , 34(2): ,,, , 49(6): ,,, α-., 27(3):

6 3 : (Epinephelus akaara) 645,,, , 24(2): ,,, , 22(6): ,,, , 38(8): AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 16th ed. Arlington, VA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists Bell J G, Castell J D, Tocher D R et al, Effects of different dietary arachidonic acid: docosahexaenoic acid ratios on phospholipid fatty acid compositions and prostaglandin production in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 14(2): Bell J G, McEvoy J, Tocher D R et al, Replacement of fish oil with rapeseed oil in diets of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) affects tissue lipid compositions and hepatocyte fatty acid metabolism. The Journal of Nutrition, 131(5): Caballero M J, Obach A, Rosenlund G et al, Impact of different dietary lipid sources on growth, lipid digestibility, tissue fatty acid composition and histology of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 214(1 4): Figueiredo-Silva A, Rocha E, Dias J et al, Partial replacement of fish oil by soybean oil on lipid distribution and liver histology in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles. Aquaculture Nutrition, 11(2): Izquierdo M S, Obach A, Arantzamendi L et al, Dietary lipid sources for seabream and seabass: growth performance, tissue composition and flesh quality. Aquaculture Nutrition, 9(6): Jiang Y D, Wang J T, Han T et al, Effect of dietary lipid level on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition by juvenile red spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara). Aquaculture International, 23(1): National Research Council (NRC), Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp. Washington DC, USA: National Academies Press, Peng M, Xu W, Mai K S et al, Growth performance, lipid deposition and hepatic lipid metabolism related gene expression in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) fed diets with various fish oil substitution levels by soybean oil. Aquaculture, 433: Peng S M, Chen L Q, Qin J G et al, Effects of replacement of dietary fish oil by soybean oil on growth performance and liver biochemical composition in juvenile black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Aquaculture, 276(1 4): Skonberg D L, Rasco B A, Dong F M, Fatty acid composition of salmonid muscle changes in response to a high oleic acid diet. The Journal of Nutrition, 124(9): Stickney R R, Hardy R W, Lipid requirements of some warmwater species. Aquaculture, 79(1 4): Thanuthong T, Francis D S, Manickam E et al, 2011a. Fish oil replacement in rainbow trout diets and total dietary PUFA content: II) Effects on fatty acid metabolism and in vivo fatty acid bioconversion. Aquaculture, : Thanuthong T, Francis D S, Senadheera S D et al, 2011b. Fish oil replacement in rainbow trout diets and total dietary PUFA content: I) Effects on feed efficiency, fat deposition and the efficiency of a finishing strategy. Aquaculture, 320(1 2): Turchini G M, Torstensen B E, Ng W K, Fish oil replacement in finfish nutrition. Reviews in Aquaculture, 1(1): Wang J T, Jiang Y D, Li X Y et al, Dietary protein requirement of juvenile red spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara). Aquaculture, 450: Xu S D, Wang S Q, Zhang L et al, Effects of replacement of dietary fish oil with soybean oil on growth performance and tissue fatty acid composition in marine herbivorous teleost Siganus canaliculatus. Aquaculture Research, 43(9):

7 EFFECTS OF DIETARY FISH OIL REPLACEMENT BY SOYBEAN OIL ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BODY COMPOSITION AND BODY FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF RED SPOTTED GROUPER EPINEPHELUS AKAARA WANG Ji-Teng, JIANG Yu-Dong, YANG Yun-Xia, HAN Tao, YANG Min, ZHENG Pu-Qiang, SHENG Jian-Hai (Aquaculture Department of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan , China) Abstract A 6-week experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fish oil replacement by soybean oil on growth performance, body composition, and body fatty acid composition of red spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara. Four isonitrogenous (crude protein 50.26% 51.03%) and isoenergetic ( kJ/g) experimental diets were formulated with soybean oil replacing 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% fish oil, respectively. Grouper were randomly distributed into four triplicate groups (20 fish per group). The results show that with the increase of soybean oil content, FCR (food conversion factor) decreased and then increased. The highest FCR value (1.96±0.42) occurred in the group of entire replacement by soybean oil. However, the PER (protein efficiency ratio) value showed an inverse tendency with FCR. The entire replacement treatment showed a relatively high HSI (hepatosomatic index) value, but no significant different was observed among treatments (P>0.05). In addition, no significant impact was shown on whole body moisture and protein regardless of soybean oil replacement level (P>0.05), except that those fed with 25% replacement of soybean oil showed the highest whole body lipid content (P<0.05). No apparent correlation occurred with the dietary replacement in body fatty acid composition. The content of C18:2n6 significantly increased (P<0.05) with increase in dietary soybean oil level; and the lowest ARA (C20:4n6), EPA (C20:5n3), and DHA (22C:6n3) contents occurred in 100% soybean oil group. Therefore, the level of soybean oil replacement should be kept below 75%. Key words red spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara; dietary replacing; growth performance; body fatty acid composition

中草药 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 第 46 卷第 9 期 2015 年 5 月 1339 非酒精性脂肪性肝病 (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,nafld) 是一种与胰岛素抵抗遗

中草药 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 第 46 卷第 9 期 2015 年 5 月 1339 非酒精性脂肪性肝病 (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,nafld) 是一种与胰岛素抵抗遗 1338 中草药 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 第 46 卷第 9 期 2015 年 5 月九味肝泰胶囊对高脂饮食诱导大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的治疗作用陈菲 1 2,, 艾国 3, 盛柳青 1, 麻佳蕾 1, 黄正明 1. 金华职业技术学院医学院, 浙江金华