Microsoft Word - 33 覃志彪.doc

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1 44 6 Vol.44, No OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Nov., 2013 (Oreochromis niloticus) * ( ) (Oreochromis niloticus) 6 (34.8%) (16.4MJ/kg), 20%, % 100%, (56d), 100%, 80%,, (P<0.05) 40%, (P>0.05),, 40%, 8% ; ; ; ; S (Halver et al, 2002), 500 t, 60% 130 t, (, 2011) ( ) (, 2002), ( ) (, 2012) (Tilapia) (Perciformes) (Cichlidae) (Tilapia),,, 120 t, 30% (, 2012) (Oreochromis niloticus),, (, 2007), 70%,,, (, 2009; Bosma et al, 2011; Belton et al, 2012; Wezel et al, 2013), *, ,, qzb1970@sina.com :,, (VMD), fengjian08@163.com : , :

2 6 : (Oreochromis niloticus) 1637 (Rahman et al, 2008),, (Oreochromis niloticus),, 1 1.1, (, 2000; Rahman et al, 2008), 18 ( 2m 1.0m 1.5m),, 10cm 1m,, (Oreochromis niloticus),, 1% 540, ( )g, 6 (6, 3 ), 30,, 15cm 3cm 2 4h ( 3, 2 1 ), 1/2, 1 8:00 13:00 18:00 3, 7% 5%,, 5min, 2 1 1, 56d 1.3 1,, (20% ) 1 5 ( 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% ), 6 NRC(1993),,,, 40,,,, 1.5mm, 65,, ,, ;, ; 3 3, 9,, ; AOAC(1990) ; Anderson (1984), : ph (SD) (DO) (SRP) (PP) (ZP), (2006) 3 6, 18,,,, ;, (Halver et al, 2002): (SR, %) = / 100; (FI, g) = ; (SGR, %/t) = (lnw f lnw i ) 100/t; (FER, %) = (W f W i )/FI 100; (HSI, %) = W h /W t 100; (ISI, %) = W i /W t 100, W i (g); W f (g); t (d); FI ; W t ; W b ; W h ; W is 1.5 SPSS19.0, (Oneway ANOVA),, (LSD), Tamhane s T 2,

3 表 1 实验日粮组成和近似成分分析 (%) 1) Tab.1 Composition of the experimental diets and approximate analysis (%) (4.851) 8.0(9.70) 12.0(14.54) 16.0(19.39) 20.0(24.24) ) ) (%) (MJ/kg) 4) ) 2 ; 2) ( kg ): (32.5% Mn), 15mg; (20.1% Fe), 100mg; (25.4% Cu), 30mg; (22.7% Zn), 120mg; (45.6% Se), 1mg; (24.8% Co), 3.0mg; (42.5% F), 5mg; 3) ( kg ): A, 3000IU; D 3, 1000IU; E, 100IU; K 3, 50mg;, 20mg;, 20mg;, 100mg;, 2.0mg;, 5mg; B 12, 0.10mg;, 30mg;, 20mg; C, 100mg;, 400mg; 4) = ( 23.64kJ/g kJ/g kJ/g) / Duncan s, P< ,, 100% 2, , (P<0.05), 5 ;, 5 (P<0.05), (P>0.05);, (P<0.05), 2 80%, ; 60%, 2.2 3, , 4 (P<0.05);, 1, (P>0.05), % (P>0.05); 1

4 6 : (Oreochromis niloticus) 1639 表 2 实验各组鱼的摄食量特定生长率和饲料效率 Tab.2 The feed intake (FI), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed effectiveness rate (FER) in fish (g) (g) (g) (%/t) (%) b b b c b b c b ab c b a bc b a a a a (P<0.05) Tab.3 表 3 实验各组鱼的肝体指数和肠脂指数 The hepatosomatic indices (HSI) and intestinalsomatic indices (ISI) in fish b abc b c b bc ab abc a ab ab a (P<0.05) 4 5 (P<0.05); 5 (P<0.05); 1 5 (P<0.05) 80%, 2.4 5, ph, (P>0.05); (SD) 表 4 实验各组鱼鱼体水分脂肪蛋白质灰分含量能量能量蛋白比 Tab.4 The contents of moisture, lipid, protein and ash, energy and caloric-protein ratio in fish body (%) (%) (%) (%) (kj/g) 1) (J/g) 2) ab c a b b a c b b b ab c a b b ab c a b b b b a b b b a b a a (P<0.05) 1) (kj/g) = ; 2) (J/g) = / 表 5 实验各组水质指标 Tab.5 The indexes of water quality in fishponds WT( ) SD(cm) 80 3 c 30 2 b 29 1 b 31 2 b 25 3 b 25 1 b 22 2 a ph b a a a a a a DO(mg/L) c b b a b b a NH + 4 -N(mg/L) a b b b c e d NO 2 -N(mg/L) a b b a c c d SRP(mg/L) a d b b b b b PP(10 6 /L) a a b b bc b c PZ(L 1 ) a a b b a b c (P<0.05)

5 (PP) (PZ), 5 (P<0.05); 2 5 (DO) ; (NH + 4 -N) (NO 2 -N) (P<0.05); (SRP) (P<0.05); (PP) (PZ), 5 (P<0.05), (PP) (PZ) 1 2, 3 4, 5 3, 60%, (PP) (PZ),, (, 1994),,, (, 2002) (Usepa, 1989; Rasmssen et al, 1996), (, 1991), ; 60%, ; 60%,,,, 40%, 8% ( ) ( ), (Klebert et al, 2013; Troell et al, 2013),,,,,, (, 2012),,, ; (Bosma et al, 2011; Belton et al, 2012; Wezel et al, 2013),,, 30% (, 2012), 70%, (, 2009; Xie et al, 2013), ( ),,,, :, 52, , 20(11): 13 15, GB :, 5,,, (Oreochromis niloticus)., 43(1): 78 83,, , 25(2): 18 20, , 6(3): , , 34(3): 42 44,,, , 10(8): 7 9, :,

6 6 : (Oreochromis niloticus) Anderson J, Jackson A J, Matty A J et al, Effects of dietary carbohydrate and fibre on the tilapia Orechromis niloticus. Aquaculture, 37: AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists), Official Methods of Analysis (15 th edn.). Arlington, VA, USA: Belton B, Azad A, The characteristics and status of pond aquaculture in Bangladesh. Aquaculture, : Bosma R H, Verdegem M C, Sustainable aquaculture in ponds: Principles, practices and limits. Livestock Science, 139(1 2): Halver J E, Hardy R W, Fish Nutrition. third edition. Academic Press, London, 2 Klebert P, Lader P, Gansel L et al, Hydrodynamic interactions on net panel and aquaculture fish cages. Ocean Engineering, 58(4): NRC (National Research Council), Nutrient Requirements of Fish. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA: 114 Rahman M M, Jo Q, Gong Y G, A comparative study of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and calbasu (Labeo calbasu Hamilton) on bottom soil resuspension, water quality, nutrient accumulations, food intake and growth of fish in simulated rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton) ponds. Aquaculture, 285(1): Rasmssen R S, Korsgaard B, The effect of external ammonia on growth and food utilization of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 205(1 2): Troell M, Kautsky N, Beveridge M et al, Aquaculture. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (Second Edition): Usepa P, Ambient water quality criteria for ammonia (saltwater). National Technical Information Springfield, VA: Wezel A, Robin J, Guerin M et al, Management effects on water quality, sediments and fish production in extensive fish ponds in the Dombes region, France. Limnologica- Ecology and Management of Inland Waters, 43(3): Xie B, Qin J, Yang H et al, Organic Aquaculture in China: Aquaculture, e (15): EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF SUGARCANE MOLASSES IN PRACTICAL DIET ON AQUACULTURE PERFORMANCE OF GIFT NILE TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS) JUVENILE IN SIMULATED POND QIN Zhi-Biao, PENG Qi, WU Bin, WANG Fei, FENG Jian (Institute of Aquaculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, ) Abstract The effect of practical diet s sugarcane molasses on aquaculture performance in GIFT Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Juvenile under simulated pond environment was researched in this paper. Six isonitrogenous (34.8%) and isoenergetic (16.4MJ/kg) formulated diets were designed in which the control group contained 20% wheat middling (WM) in diet and WM were replaced by sugarcane molasses (SM) progressively with the level of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% as test groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Each diet was fed to 90 fish [(6.6±0.1)g; mean±se] for 56 days in triplicate cement pools, random arranged in pools of an outdoor with simulated pond environment system. The experimental results showed that no significant difference with feed intake (FI) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found among the fish in control group and test group 1 4 (P>0.05), but the both indexes of fish in test group 5 were lower than fish in control group significantly (P<0.05). Otherwise, no significant difference with feed effectiveness rate, approximate composition of carcass, viscerasomatic indices and main indexes of water quality in ponds was found among the fish in control group and test group 1 2 (P>0.05). The experiment results consider that under the simulation environment in the pond farming, 40% WM in practice diet of GIFT Nile tilapia juvenile could be replaced by SM, namely allowed additive amount of SM in practice diet should be 8%. Key words Oreochromis niloticus; diet; sugarcane molasses; pond; aquaculture

Microsoft Word - 31 吴彬

Microsoft Word - 31 吴彬 44 4 Vol.44, No.4 2013 7 OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Jul., 2013 (Oreochromis niloticus) * ( 530004) 25% 6,, (P