20094, , 60, 18, 1905,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 1905,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,, 1905,,,,,160, , ,, ( :, ) ;,,,,,, ( :, 2003,

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1 ,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,, 1300,,,,,,,,,, 3 (07BZS030) ,, ;, (Wolfgang Franke, The Reform and Abolition of the Traditional Chi2 nese Exam ination System 1 Harvard University Press, 1960) ; (, 1984) ; (, 1998) ;(, ) 77

2 20094, , 60, 18, 1905,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 1905,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,, 1905,,,,,160, , ,, ( :, ) ;,,,,,, ( :, 2003, ),,, ( :, ) :, 20043, :, 1982, 101

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12 20094, :,,,,,,,,,,,, , :,,,, ;,, (12 ),,,,,,,,,,, : 20,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, 88,:, 2007, :,,,, :, :, 1991, ( ) :,,,,,,,,, ( ): 12, , ,, 858, , , ,, ,, , 4 ( ),,,,,,,, : 9, : 174, 1999, 111

13 /,,,, 1903,,, 1903,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, :,,,,, :, 19993,,:, 1990, 170, 26, ,, 110, 47, ,, 9, ,, 3, ,, 84, , 29, 860, , 475, 1,

14 20094,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,:,, 1300,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1904,, :,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,?:,,,,,,,,,,, 90, , 31, , 29, 352,,, 7205 /134, : 537 /1461,,, ( ),,, 7205 /141, : 537 /1480,,,,,,

15 /,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 1908,, ,, 2 3 :, :, : :,, 59,

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17 Tianjin that supp lemented comp rom ise with using barbarians to contain barbarians. That is to say, the Q ing court used the method of using the Russian and American barbarians to contain the English and French barbarians in which Russian (or American) mediation was used in hopes of achieving lim ited dip lomatic resistance with the help of foreign p ressure. Following the dip lomatic strategy set by the Q ing court, Q iying successfully established contact with the Russian dip lomatic corp s through Palladius Kafarov, head of the Russian Sp iritualm ission in Beijing, and held negotiations in Tian2 jin. However, because of the Document Incident in Guangzhou, Great B ritain and France were not willing to cooperate with Q iying in Tianjin, and he secretly abandoned the negotiations. A s a result, Q iying was brought up on charges and comm itted suicide. Q iying s experiences, from his reinstatement, to taking part in the Sino2Russian negotiations, to being charged with desertion, not only p roclaimed the imp racticality of the late Q ing dynasty s weak dip lomacy, but also foretold the p racticality of the late Q ing dynasty s weak dip lomacy. D iscussion of Repa ir ing the Cap ita l Exam ina tion Ha ll and the End of the Im per ia l Exam ina tion System G uan X iaohong ( 77) From a reduction in numbers and slow abolishment in 1904 to its immediate abolishment in 1905, the direction, manner and tim ing of reform s of the Imperial Exam ination System were in a state of great uncertainty, and discussion of re2 pairing the Cap ital Exam ination Hall was a key point. Most m inisterial level officials in Beijing favored repairing the Hall. This indicated that the decision to slowly abolish the System was likely to meet with comp lications, and the path toward a2 bolishing the System would have many turns. Zhang Baixi, Duanfang, Yuan Shikai and other officials took drastic meas2 ures, and rep laced slow abolishment with immediate abolishment. Zhang Zhidong s stance wavered for a while, but in the end he supported them. H igh p rovincial officials and the central government coordinated with each other, p ressed for per2 sonnel changes in the Grand Council and the Adm inistrative Affairs Office, and successfully persuaded the authorities to by2 pass consultation with the m inistries and declare the abolishment of the System directly. The p rocess of reform ing the System was filled with intrigue, and as it developed from p robability to certainty, the subjective efforts of the peop le involved were very important. Though deliberate p lanning and forceful intervention could remove obstacles and secure the abolishment of the System, such measures could not elim inate hidden dangers, resolve conflicts and avoid the social disturbances caused by radical reform. K im O kgyun and the Ch inese D elega tion in Japan A lso D iscussing the Rela tion sh ip between K im O kgyun s A ssa ssina tion and the O utbreak of the S ino2japanese W ar of 1895 D a i D ongyang (93) A Rolling Tran saction: How Sheng Xuanhua i Recovered h is Property after the Revolution of 1911 through a Ser ies of Con tr ibution s to the Governm en t Zhu H u (112) C h ina Econom ic Inform a tion W eekly and the L eft2w ing Econom ists W u M inchao (128) S ir Joseph Banks and Ch ina C heng M eibao (146) Recon sidera tion of Ch ina s Issu ing the Th irteen D emands dur ing the Negotia tion s over the M ay 30 th M a ssacre Zhou B in (153) English abstracts translated by Du Chengjun and edited by A lexander Beels A rticles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in H istorical A bstracts and Am erica: H istory and L ife

, ;,, :,,,, :,,,,,, :,,,:,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,, 19077,,,,,,,()( ),,, (),, 1.,,:,, ;,,,, (),:, 76,1989,5153,, (),,, 76,5372,:, 1979,510511, 4(1907)8 101

, ;,, :,,,, :,,,,,, :,,,:,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,, 19077,,,,,,,()( ),,, (),, 1.,,:,, ;,,,, (),:, 76,1989,5153,, (),,, 76,5372,:, 1979,510511, 4(1907)8 101 20099 19 3 China s Borderland H istory and Geography Studies Sep12009 Vol119 No13 1906,, : ;,,;,6,,, 1969,, : 9923, 510070,,,, (, ),,,,,, ;,,, 1906116,, 1 : ( 1),,, ;,, ;,,,, (2),, :, 2003 4 :,2004,440446