我们人体是由疏松和致密这两种结缔组织组成, 其中疏松结缔组织细胞之间含有少量纤维, 而致密结缔组织主要由胶原纤维组成疏松结缔组织可见于皮肤和粘膜下, 腺体周围, 肌纤维和神经之间以及器官和其他组织之间这在每个方向都具有很大的韧性和弹性致密结缔组织则附在肌肉与骨头和骨头与骨头的肌腱和韧带中位于

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惠弼宇文
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1 什么是胶原蛋白? 胶原蛋白是帮助人体保持强度和韧性的大型蛋白质结构, 主要存在于真皮, 骨骼, 软骨和肌腱中, 约占人体蛋白质的 25-35% 这使胶原蛋白成为人体最大的蛋白质来源 (Marcus 1996) 结缔组织在体内广泛分布, 对于支撑人体的结构, 强化, 硬化和基本构造非常重要我们可在肌腱, 软骨和韧带找到结缔组织, 正如我们从膝盖结构的图片 1 所看到的, 这些结缔组织有着重要的功能零散的结缔组织细胞之间有大量弹性高的蛋白质胶原纤维股四头肌股骨股四头肌肌腱髌骨软骨髌骨韧带半月板韧带胫骨

2 我们人体是由疏松和致密这两种结缔组织组成, 其中疏松结缔组织细胞之间含有少量纤维, 而致密结缔组织主要由胶原纤维组成疏松结缔组织可见于皮肤和粘膜下, 腺体周围, 肌纤维和神经之间以及器官和其他组织之间这在每个方向都具有很大的韧性和弹性致密结缔组织则附在肌肉与骨头和骨头与骨头的肌腱和韧带中位于肌腱的致密结缔组织有着非常强韧的纤维, 而韧带在每个方向都很强韧胶原纤维是帮助组织皮肤, 毛发和指甲的基础 (Scrieber 2007,Sibilla 等人,2015, Flaschmajer 等人 1990) 维生素 C 是胶原蛋白的合成中重要的维生素, 它与氨基酸脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸相互作用维生素 C 提供氢气和氧气, 使氨基酸可以在胶原蛋白的生产中发挥作用当你的身体缺乏维生素 C 时, 将降低胶原蛋白的生产现今已有多个关于维生素 C 与为骨头, 软骨, 皮肤和血管正常运作而形成胶原蛋白的合格声明, 证实维生素 C 有助于正常的产能代谢 (EFSA, 维生素 C 声明 ) 在我们 20 多岁时, 我们身体自然生产的胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白将逐渐减少, 胶原纤维也变得越来越弱肤质的变化会导致皮肤变弱 ( 变薄 ) 干燥和松弛, 也就是我们熟悉的细纹及皱纹, 还会影响人体的结缔组织假设我们每年以 1.5% 的速度失去胶原蛋白, 这意味着在 45 岁时就会损失了 30% 的胶原蛋白成纤维细胞不断地分泌细胞形成原胶原来补偿胶原纤维的流失以保持平衡原胶原是经过进一步转化, 并扭卷成强韧且有弹性的胶原纤维此外, 胶原纤维具有很好的水合能力, 这也有助于皮肤表面保持丰满, 光滑和有弹性在图 2 中, 你可以看到胶原纤维的减少对皮肤老化的影响第一张图片显示了胶原纤维, 弹性蛋白和透明质酸之间的密集和坚实的结构随着年龄的增长, 我们看到这种结实和致密的结构变得越来越弱, 形成了皱纹

3 如果这种情形一直持续下去, 皱纹会更加突现

4 1. How the knee is constructed(source: Shutterstock.com) 膝盖的构造 2. How a reduction in collagen affects skin aging (Source: Shutterstock.com) 胶原纤维的减少对皮肤老化的影响 Before protein can be absorbed and transported around the body, it has to be broken down in the stomach into short peptides and amino acids. 蛋白质在被人体吸收和运输至全身之前, 必须先在胃中被分解成短肽和氨基酸 It appears that the body can easily absorb short peptides and thus utilize these quickly in the body. 这样一来, 短肽可以比较容易地被身体吸收, 从而迅速运用于体内 Some of these peptides have bioactive properties, which means that they can exert positive effects in the body beyond being a nutrient. 有些肽含有生物活性成分, 也就是说除了成为体内的养分之外, 还可以发挥正面效果 The focus on biologically active peptides from different protein sources has increased among researchers. 越来越多研究者关注于不同蛋白质来源的生物活性肽 Through cell cultures and animal studies researchers have already identified several sequences that look promising. 通过细胞培养和动物研究, 研究者已鉴定了几个看起来比较有潜质的程序 Different areas that has been studied is especially effects on blood pressure regulation, immune system, cancer, pain response and cholesterol (BT insight, Professional proteins). 研究者已经研究了几项不同的领域包括对血压调节的影响, 免疫系统, 癌症, 疼痛反应和胆固醇 (BT 洞察, 专业蛋白质 )

5 The two most common types of collagen is Type 1 and Type 2. 最常见的两种胶原蛋白类型是 1 型胶原蛋白和 2 型胶原蛋白 Type 1 is found throughout the entire body, except in the cartilage tissue, and accounts for most of the collagen in our body. 除了在软骨组织中,1 型胶原蛋白遍布全身, 并且占我们身体中的大部分胶原蛋白 Type 2 is the most important part in cartilage and synovial fluid. 2 型胶原蛋白是关节软骨和滑膜液中最重要的部分 The collagen obtained from fish is of type 1 collagen which is produced and organized in dermal fibroblasts and connective tissue cells in the skin as well as playing an important role in bone tissue. 从鱼获得的胶原蛋白是 1 型胶原蛋白, 分泌及组织在皮肤中的成纤维细胞和结缔组织细胞中, 并在骨头组织中有着重要的作用 It is not only in relation to the elasticity and structure of the bone, but also in relation to key processes in bone mineralization and metabolism (Marcus 1996). 它不仅与骨骼的弹性和结构有关, 而且与骨头矿化和代谢的关键过程有关 (Marcus 1996) Marine collagen is absorbed up to 1.5 times more efficiently in the body, and the bioavailability is superior to collagen of both bovine or porcine. 海洋胶原蛋白能更有效地被人体吸收, 高达 1.5 倍, 其生物有效度比牛或猪的胶原蛋白来得高 This is due to its smaller particle size compared to other types of collagen. 这是由于它的粒子比其他类型的胶原蛋白更小 The smaller particle size allows an easier and faster uptake and transportation of the collagen peptides to the skin, bones and joints for the synthesis of new collagen. 较小的粒子能够让胶原蛋白肽更容易和更快地吸收和运输到皮肤, 骨头和关节以合成新的胶原蛋白 What is the difference between collagen and collagen peptides? 胶原蛋白和胶原肽有什么不同? While collagen is big structural proteins, collagen peptides are a hydrolysed form of collagen; shorter peptide chains. 胶原蛋白是大型蛋白质结构, 而胶原蛋白肽是水解形式的胶原蛋白 ; 较短的肽链 The collagen molecules are big which makes it harder for the body to absorb and utilize. 胶原蛋白的分子很大, 使得它更难被人体吸收和利用

6 The collagen undergoes an enzymatic hydrolysis process in which the product loses its gelling effect and becomes water-soluble. 胶原蛋白通过酶水解加工除去其胶质并变成水溶性的 The molecules becomes smaller and thus easier for the body to absorb. 这样分子就会变得较小而容易被人体吸收 The peptides provides the necessary amino acids for the development of connective tissues. 胶原蛋白肽为结缔组织的成长提供必需的氨基酸 An intake of collagen peptides can stimulate and boost the body s own ability to produce collagen. 摄取胶原蛋白肽可以刺激和增强人体本身生产胶原蛋白的能力 Why are marine collagen peptides unique? 海洋胶原蛋白有什么特别? Although collagen has a very high content of protein, it has a different amino acid profile than the protein you get from cod fillet. 虽然胶原蛋白含有非常高的蛋白质, 但它的氨基酸与从鳕鱼片中得到的蛋白质不同类 This means that the amino acids from the two sources have different functions in the body. 这说明了两种不同来源的氨基酸在体内具有不同的功能 Marine collagen contains, such as cod fillet, all the indispensable amino acids, although in much smaller amounts, but in return has a very high content of the amino acids glycine, proline and hydroxyproline. 海洋胶原蛋白含有如鳕鱼片, 虽然有着较少的所需氨基酸, 但却含有非常高的氨基酸甘氨酸, 脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸 The function of these amino acids is to stimulate cells in the skin, bones and joints and lead to the production of new collagen. 这些氨基酸的功能是刺激皮肤, 骨骼和关节的细胞, 并导致新的胶原蛋白生产 This allows collagen to contribute to strengthening connective tissue and bones, as well as support skin. 这使胶原蛋白有助于加强结缔组织和骨头, 以及支撑皮肤 In addition, marine collagen also contains arginine, and both glycine and arginine are used by the body in the formation of creatine. 另外, 海洋胶原蛋白也含有精氨酸, 而甘氨酸和精氨酸都被人体用来合成肌酸 Glycine contributes to the synthesis of collagen as well as a variety of other proteins. 甘氨酸有助于胶原蛋白以及各种其他蛋白质的合成

7 It can also protect organs and tissues by general inflammatory conditions. 它也可以在一般炎症状况下保护器官和结缔组织 Proline is the precursor of hydroxyproline which is involved in the formation of collagen, tendons and ligaments. 脯氨酸是涉及胶原蛋白, 肌腱和韧带形成的羟脯氨酸的前体 Proline is therefore important in the treatment of osteoarthritis. 因此脯氨酸在骨关节炎的治疗中是重要的 Proline is depending on vitamin C for the formation of collagen. 脯氨酸取决于维生素 C 来合成胶原蛋白 The proline productions in the body increases for instance with injuries and after exercise where it builds up damaged muscle fibres. 人体中的脯氨酸将会在受伤和造成肌肉纤维受损的运动之后增加生产 This means that marine collagen can be helpful in the restitution phase after exercise. 也就是说海洋胶原蛋白对于运动后的复原阶段很有帮助 Hydroxyproline is the hydroxylation of proline and is depending on vitamin C. 羟脯氨酸是脯氨酸的羟基化, 取决于维生素 C. Absorption of hydroxyproline signals the body to make collagen. 羟脯氨酸的吸收会促使人体生产胶原蛋白 Lack of vitamin C could give unstable collagen molecules and affect collagen in the body. 缺乏维生素 C 可能会使胶原蛋白分子不稳定且影响体内的胶原蛋白 The effect of marine collagen peptides on the musculoskeletal system and skin Added value for the musculoskeletal system 海洋胶原肽对肌肉骨骼系统和皮肤的影响肌肉骨骼系统的附加价值 Specific collagen peptides proved to significantly increase the expression of collagen types 1 and 3 in fibroblasts from ligaments and tendons of humans. 特定的胶原蛋白肽已被证实明显增加了在人类韧带和肌腱成纤维细胞中的 1 型胶原蛋白和 3 型胶原蛋白表达 The study concluded that collagen peptides may therefore be an option to treat and prevent changes in ligaments and tendons (Schunck and Oesser, 2013). 研究显示胶原蛋白肽可能是治疗和预防韧带和肌腱变化的一种方法 (Schunck 和 Oesser,2013)

8 Products containing active collagen peptides have long been marketed in the US and European pharmaceutical and food markets. 含有活性胶原肽的产品早已在美国和欧洲的药剂和食品市场上销售 Many scientific and preclinical studies show various positive effects on tendon flexibility, ligament stability, muscle and bone integrity and bone metabolism. 许多科学和临床前研究显示了对肌腱的韧性, 韧带的稳定性, 肌肉和骨头的完整性和骨头代谢的各种正面效果 Another study investigated the effect of specific fish-derived collagen peptides on collagen expression, post-translational modification and mineralisation in an osteoblastic cell culture (bone cells). 另一项研究调查了特定鱼类衍生的胶原蛋白肽对成骨细胞培养 ( 骨细胞 ) 中的胶原蛋白表达, 翻译后修饰和矿化的影响 Fish collagen peptides were shown to upregulate the gene expression of collagen-modifying enzymes and this effect led to an increased collagen synthesis and positive effects on collagen quality and matrix mineralisation in the osteoblasts (Yamada, Shizuka et al. 2014). 鱼胶原蛋白肽显示出上调胶原修饰酶的基因表达, 这种效应导致胶原蛋白合成增加, 并对成骨细胞中的胶原质量和基质矿化产生正面效果 (Yamada,Shizuka 等,2014) Another study researched the effects of protein supplements in the form of type 1 collagen peptides in combination with resistance training in older men with sarcopenia. 另一项研究对蛋白质补充剂里的 1 型胶原蛋白肽形式与老年男性肌肉减少症的抵抗训练的结合效果进行了研究 The results showed that, compared to placebo, a collagen supplement in combination with resistance training further improved body composition by increasing the fat-free mass and muscle strength, and reducing fat mass in elderly men with sarcopenia (Zdzieblik et al. 2015). 结果显示, 与安慰剂相比, 胶原蛋白补充剂与抗阻训练的结合, 通过提高无脂肪质量和肌肉力量, 减少老年男性肌肉减少症的脂肪量, 进一步改善了身体结构 (Zdzieblik 等,2015) Anti-aging effect on human skin 抗老化对人体皮肤的影响 Marine collagen hydrolysates has an anti-aging effect on human skin. 海洋胶原蛋白水解物对人体皮肤具有抗老化的作用 A recent clinical trial demonstrated a significant increase in skin elasticity in a group of women aged years (Proksch et al. 2014). 最近的一项临床试验显示, 一组岁的女性的皮肤变得更有弹性 (Proksch 等, 2014) Reducing skin wrinkles 减少皮肤皱纹

9 The same group of scientists from the University of Kiel, Germany, also demonstrated a significant reduction in skin wrinkles after a daily consumption of a collagen hydrolysate (Proksch et al. 2014). 来自德国基尔大学的同一批科学家也证实, 在每天摄取胶原蛋白水解物后, 有助于明显减少皮肤皱纹 (Proksch et al 2014) Increasing the skin moisture level 增加皮肤湿润性 A comprehensive study on the effect of oral collagen peptide supplementation on skin-aging involving clinical trials with Japanese and Caucasian women showed good effect on skin moisture. 在一项口服胶原蛋白肽补充剂对于皮肤老化影响的综合研究中显示, 参与临床实验的日本及高加索的妇女的皮肤滋润效果良好 The fish collagen peptides were shown to increase the skin moisture level by 12% in a period of 8 weeks. 鱼胶原蛋白肽在 8 个星期的时间内增加了 12% 的皮肤湿润性 A consistent increase in the skin collagen density over 12 weeks was confirmed by increased dermal echogenicity (Asserin et al. 2015). 真皮回声的增强证实了皮肤胶原蛋白密度持续增加超过 12 个星期 (Asserin 等,2015) Studies made on collagen supplements have seen effects at a daily dose of 10 g, for at least one month. 对于胶原蛋白补充剂的研究已经见证了在至少一个月内每天摄取 10g 可以见效 One can follow a daily maintenance dose of 5 g. 人们可以按照每天 5 克的剂量维持服用 Since collagen is easily soluble, it can be mixed in liquid such as water, juices, shakes, smoothies, or with yogurt, porridge, muesli, etc. 由于胶原蛋白容易溶化, 因此可以加在水, 果汁, 奶昔, 冰沙, 酸奶, 粥, 麦片等液体中混合食用 Nordicollproducts Nordicoll 的产品 Nutraceutical defines a product that comes from food but has additional health benefits in addition to having a basic nutritional value. 营养保健品是一种取自食物的产品, 但含有基本的营养价值和额外的健康益处

10 Nordicoll focuses on using Nordic wild-caught raw materials from sustainable fishing stocks and wish to contribute to product development and improved documentation for marine products. Nordicoll 只采用可持续渔业资源中的北欧野生捕捞原料, 希望为产品开发及改善海产文献做出贡献 Our products contain 100% natural ingredients using raw materials of white fish from the crystal clear waters of the North Atlantic Ocean. 我们的产品是以来自北大西洋清澈水域的白鱼为原料, 含有 100% 的天然成分 The fish is processed through a strict cooking process so that the quality and nutrients in the fish are preserved. 鱼肉通过严格的烹饪过程进行加工, 以保存鱼的质量和营养 The finished product is a micro-milled powder which can easily be mixed in liquid. 制成的产品是一种可以很容易在液体中溶化的微粒粉末 Nordicoll marine collagen has a very high protein content (over 90%) and all products are free from artificial additives and preservatives. Nordicoll 海洋胶原蛋白含有非常高的蛋白质 ( 超过 90%), 而且所有产品都不含人造添加剂和防腐剂 Nordicoll s marine collagen is exclusively produced from cod skin (Gadusmorhua), harvested from the crystal-clear waters of the North Atlantic. Nordicoll 的海洋胶原蛋白是由从北大西洋清澈的海水中捕获的鳕鱼皮 (Gadusmorhua) 独家制成 This provides the purest source of 100% natural collagen of high quality available on the market. 这是市面上最纯正的 100% 天然高质量胶原蛋白 Marine collagen is a nutritional supplement and should not replace a varied and healthy diet. It is not a substitute for other animal protein sources, but can be taken as an additional product. 海洋胶原蛋白是一种营养补充剂, 不应该取代其他的健康饮食它不是其他动物蛋白质来源的替代品, 但可以作为补助的产品

11 References: Asserin, Jérome, et al. The effect of oral collagen peptide supplementation on skin moisture and the dermal collagen network: evidence from an ex vivo model and randomized, placebo controlled clinical trials. Journal of cosmetic dermatology 14.4 (2015): BT innsikt, Profesjonelleproteiner: R., Gareis, H. (2007) Gelatine Handbook: Theory and Industrial Practice. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 347 pp. EFSA, vitamin C claims: Flaschmajer, R., MacDonald, ED., Perlish, JS.,Brugeson, RE., Fisher, LW. (1990) Dermal collagen fibrils are hybrids of type I and type III collagen molecules. Journal of Structural Biology 105(1-3), Marcus, R., Feldman, D., Kelsey, J. (eds) (1996) Osteoporosis. Academic, New York Proksch, E., et al. Oral intake of specific bioactive collagen peptides reduces skin wrinkles and increases dermal matrix synthesis. Skin pharmacology and physiology 27.3 (2014): Schunck, M., &Oesser, S. (2013). Specific collagen peptides benefit the biosynthesis of matrix molecules of tendons and ligaments. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 10(Suppl 1), P23. Sibilla, S., Godfrey, M., Brewer, S., Budh-Raja, A., Genovese, L. (2015). An overview of the beneficial effects of hydrolysed collagen as a neutraceutical on skin properties: scientific background and clinical studies. The Open Nutraceutical Journal 8, Yamada, Shizuka, et al. Effects of fish collagen peptides on collagen post-translational modifications and mineralization in an osteoblastic cell culture system. Dental materials journal 32.1 (2013): Zdzieblik, Denise, et al. «Collagen peptide supplementation in combination with resistance training improves body composition and increases muscle strength in elderly sarcopenic men: a randomised controlled trial.» British Journal of Nutrition (2015):

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