I
II
A Research about the Creative Landscape Presentation of Sino-Japanese Garden Rock Art Abstract Traditional Chinese and Japanese garden art have their extraordinary position in the field of global garden art. Though both of them are derived from oriental culture, they have prospered and become two different concept of beauty due to their individual historical and cultural development. Abundant ancient Chinese myth and legends plus widely diverse thoughts of ancient scholars had nurtured Chinese philosophy. The merging of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, furthermore, enriched the inner connotation of Chinese art and literature. Scholars and officials abandoned themselves to nature. The garden art conveyed their ideal of living in seclusion. Japan is indeed influenced by Chinese culture and in some way, has similar idea and artistry in garden art. But Japan has its specialty in absorbing foreign culture and then creates its own style. This makes Japanese garden become unique and outstanding. The basic element of oriental garden is rocks. Rocks play an important part. They are the bone and core of oriental garden structure. Sino-Japanese garden are both affected by the custom of placing natural rocks in gardens, but with different environment, society, economy and politics, each country shows a very different artistry in rock art. This asset aims at comparing the development of rock culture and art in China and Japan, in order to explain how different culture system gives rocks different function and meaning and then derive different style and artistry in garden art. We also want to study how Sino-Japanese people at different time present their garden in a practical way or a pure appreciating way. The outcome of this research: Chinese garden art is founded on seeking a literature imaginary. Chinese rock art emphasizes on the variety, the curving lines and the mystery of rocks and has rules but no forms. It s the same way rocks appear in Chinese paintings. Japanese garden art is affected by several religious belief which include Buddhism, immortal beings etc.. Japanese rock art has a fixed form requesting a stable beauty of lines, creating a state of drought, loneliness, stillness and strongly showing its abstract and symbolism, for instant: using sands in garden. Japanese garden demands a very strict boundary division. In China, garden art is independent of the development of building construction system and has its own developing system. Chinese garden is a space people can watch, live in, walk on and wander around. It s a piling up space arrangement pursuing the III
imaginary beauty existing in Chinese poetry and paintings. Rock art is focusing on time. It s a moving form according to the change of time and seeks the lively beauty and the eternal space transforming. While in Japan, garden doesn t have an obvious character. Often it s only an attachment for specific purposes. This is a big difference between Chinese and Japanese gardens. Not like Chinese garden, Japanese garden emphasizes the space and praises beauty of temporariness and glorious moment of instant. Through the way showing motionless, simplicity and miniaturing, it presents beauty of plainness, loneliness and stillness. Key words IV
I III V VII XI 1 1 1 2 5 7 8 9 31 47 53 54 V
VI 62 100 118 119 149 181 205 206 212 226 234 234 242 243 245 245 246 246 247 252 254
VII
弥 亀 滝 滝 VIII
鉢 纹 弥 滝 鉢 滝 IX
X
条 弥 弥 滝 XI
鉢 瑠 滝 荣 躙 XII
1
2 1 2 MEANING 1995 1 2001 p179p188 2 1985
1-3-1 1-3-1 1-3-1 1-3-2 3
1-3-2 1-3-2 1-3-3 1-3-3 4
1-3-1 1-3-2 1-3-3 1 2 3 4 1-4-1 5 3 1982 p.305 4 1974 5 5
1-4-1 6
1-5-1 7
8
6 7 6 1990 7 9
10 呪 呪 8 1987
11 呪 9 1992
呪 13 14 10 4 8 1 2 4 8 11 1992 p355 12 1992 13 1994 14 12
13 15 16 15 16 1994 p119
14 17 笋 2-1-1 17 2000
2-1-1 1 1 2 3 4 5 2 1 2 3 3 4 笋 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 15
16 笋 2-1-1 18 2004 p224 2-1-1 18
2-1-2 2-1-2 嵓 2-1-2 19 2-1-2 2-1-2 - 嵓 / 20 / 22 /www.cnart.biz 19 1996 20 1997 p160 21 http://www.npm.gov.tw 22 http://www.epochtimes.com.tw 17
18 23 1982
2-1-3 2-1-3 2-1-3 2-1-3 2-1-3 2-1-3 19
2-1-3 - - - - - - - 24 25 26 24 1989 p67 107124 25 1989 p57 119 26 http://www.epochtimes.com.tw 20
21 1. ~ ~ 220 2. 220~581 3. 581~960 4. 960~1368 5. 1368~1911
22 28 27 1991 p28 28 1994 p3-7 29 1991 p30
30 1985 p138 31 1991 p184 23
24 48
1 2 3 4 5 6 25
3 4 7 26
2-1-4 弥 弥 A.D.23 弥 9 206~ A.D.57 220~ ~ 27
弥 弥 797 1368 弥 ~ 1192 ~ ~ 28
1644 ~1500 弥 弥 ~1550 ~ 29
30
31
32 32 1 数 広 32
33 34 35 弥 条 3 36 5-7 3-4 37 2-2-1 33 1976 坂 34 35 36 37 1976 坂 33
2-2-1 40 2-2-2 41 38 2-2-2 39 1. 2.3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 794 1181 1390 1579 1702 ~797 ~1184 ~1389 ~1572 ~1602 ~ 38 1976 坂 p89 39 1976 坂 p128 40 41 34
弥 弥 2-2-3 竜 43 44 485 AD797 弥 45 46 2-2-3 42 47 42 1996 p11 43 1990 画 44 1978 辞 p225 45 弥 46 47 8 506 34 626 22 35
48 49 710 嶋 条 2-2-4 2-2-4 条 50 AD7941184 794 48 485 49 50 2004 Landscape Design 36 Junep123 36
2-2-1 2-2-1 51 52 53 54 55 51 1978 p440-441 52 1984 53 1988 p28 54 55 37
56 弥 瑠 2-2-2 57 弥 弥 2-2-2 AD1181-1389 58 56 1993 57 58 1996 p93 38
2-2-2 瑠 59 2-2-3 2-2-3 2-2-3 / 60 61 / 59 2000 p1796 60 1996 p93 61 1991 1 p93 39
AD1390-1572 62 63 64 65 a. b. c.. 62 1993 P61 63 1950 1955 64 2000 p332 65 1984 P80 40
2-2-4 2-2-4 旧 2-2-4 2-2-4 / 66 66 2000 p108109119 41
AD1573-1602 68 2-2-5 2-2-5 69 2-2-5 条 2-2-5 AD1603-1868 70 71 67 p13 68 1984 P85 69 1984 P101 70 1993 91 71 1984 42
2-2-5 条 / 72 / 73 72 1996 p104 73 2000 p129160161 43
2-2-6 1 2-2-6 2-2-6 2 2-2-6 2 2-2-6 2 2-2-6 4 2-2-6 3 2-2-6 4 44
2-2-6 74 74 2000 p4271132138 141157159233 45
弥 46
593-793 1086 ( 1574-1867 ) 75 ( ) 75 1996 p104 47
弥 弥 弥 弥 (10 11 ) 弥 76 1994 p2 77 弥 20 612 帰 弥 78 1978 79 1984 p386 80 1988 p20 48
1186-1333 1334-1573 1467-1469 81 1972 (21)p115 82 1975 p278-279 83 1984 p85 49
84 1665 87 84 1996 p124 85 1976 坂 p58 86 1386 87 1994 50
弥 弥 滝 数 88 1994 51
52
53
54 89 从 89 1990 p233 90 1991 -
浛 3-1-1 3-1-1 92 3-1-1 91 1988 92 1991 p127 55
3-1-1 93 93 56
57 94 3-1- 95 1 96 94 1988 95 1990 96 1971 p333
97 3-1-2 98 3-1-2 99 100 3-1-2 101 2 97 1971 p467 98 1990 P224 99 1985 100 1990 P225 101 1990 P226 58
3-1-2 [ ] [ ] [ ] / 102 / 103 104 105 106 107 虬 102 1991 p103127 103 1990 p67 104 105 1990 106 1991-107 1990 59
108 109 1984 p1175 110 1990 60
61
3-2-1 3-2-1 111 3-2-1 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 112 111 1994 p123 112 1991 p127 113 1979 114 1991-62
3-2-2 118 115 1991-116 p105 117 1982 p325 118 1997 24 63
3-2-2 119 葱 119 1997 44 120 1994 p27 64
/ 123 / 124 / 125 / 121 1987 p153 122 123 2003 p77 124 1991 p127 125 2004 p216 65
坂 66
126 笋 126 2003p115-116 127 1994 67
/ 128 / 129 130 / 鈎 128 1994 p28 129 1991 p22 130 2003 p140 68
/ 131 132 / / 133 134 131 2001 p73 132 1991 p344346 133 1991 p22103 134 2003 p134 69
爲 135 136 135 1990 p79 136 1991 p131 70
/ 137 137 1991 p59 71
/ 138 139 / 138 1991 p2146 139 2003 p135 72
73
/ 140 141 / 140 1991 p1739 141 2001 p73135 74
75 142 1994 p60
/ 144 / 145 143 1994 p60 144 1991 p222356 145 2003 p135 76
146 146 2001 p79 77
147 147 1991 p2347 78
148 149 148 1990 p239 149 1983 p96 79
151 / 150 / 153 / 152 / 150 1991 p256 151 2001 p37 152 1991 p22 153 2001 p84 80
/ 154 / 154 1991 p17 81
155 / 156 155 2001 p66 156 1990 p77 82
/ 157 / 158 1 1 2 157 1990 p55 158 2003 p103 83
159 1 鄕 鄕 鄕 鄕 159 1991 p17124 84
/ 160 / 161 鄕 160 1990 p123 161 2003 p114130 85
鄕 鄕 1 1 163 / 162 / 162 1991 p28 86
1 / 164 165 163 1990 p122 164 1991 p114 165 1990 p4798125126 87
1 88
166 166 1991 p58103 89
3 坂绝 167 1997 168 p15 169 2002 p29 90
/ 171 / 172 174 170 171 2001 p37 172 1990 - P159 173 174 1984 p596 91
175 175 2001 p60 176 1990-177 92
... 180 181 笋 178 179 1983 180 1991 p21 181 1984 p659 93
峯 182 184 2 183 182 1988 183 2001 p97 184 1990 94
95 3 185 4 5 186 2 185 1993 186 1990
187 1 烟 烟 2 A B C D 187 1990 p79 188 1984 p625 189 190 1984 p631 191 1984 p616 192 1988 p76 96
3 冲 193 193 1984 p631 194 97
/ 195 195 1991 p21 98
1 2 99
100
196 1991-101
102 197 1990
103 198
199 1984 200 1997 201 104
絶 202 203 1990 204 1985 105
( ) ( ) 205 206 207 205 2001 p75 206 1990 p77 208 1984 p635 209 1989 p402 106
210 212 213 210 2003 p60 211 p46 212 1991 p15 213 p53 107
214 215 216 214 2003 p118 215 1992 216 1978 108
217 218 219 217 1980 218 1992 219 1991-109
- - / 220 / 221 220 1991 p128 221 1991-110
111 葱
222 223 2 3 4 5 6 7 222 1983 223 1987 224 1988 p133 112
113
- - - 225 226-225 2003 p133135 226 1990 p77 114
[ ] 227 / 228 227 2001 p97 228 1991 p86 115
116 229 1991 p34 229
117
118
会 鉄 竜 滝 119
4-1-1 2 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 4 9 120
4-1-1 4-1-1 121
4-1-2 4-1-2 230 4-1-2 230 122
4-1-2 1 4-1-3 4-1-4 4-1-5 4-1-6 123
4-1-3 231 231 1992 124
4-1-4 旧亀 232 4-1-5 11 +2 1 2 3 21 +2 31 +2 41 +1 +1 233 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 232 125
4-1-6 234 4-1-7 旧 4-1-8 旧 233 1992 234 126
4-1-7 5 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 5 6 7 89 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 10 235 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 235 1992 127
4-1-8 旧円 236 1 図 2 3 弥 2 3 滝 滝 4 鉢 237 図 弥 236 1992 237 1992 128
滝 滝滝 鉢 弥 弥 弥 弥 弥 弥 弥 弥 129
1 弥 弥 弥 弥 弥 2 桩 2 亀 亀 2 滝 滝 滝 滝 130
2 10 11 12 238 弥 弥 弥 弥 4-1-3 弥 弥 239 弥 弥 弥 238 1992 239 1986 スト-ンテリア vol.5 131
弥 弥 20 612 弥 弥 塩 4-1-11 4-1-11 弥 弥 弥 240 241 240 241 2000 p107 132
滝 図 242 弥 滝 図 沢 4-1-6 243 242 1984-19 p387 243 1996 p90 133
桩 244 4-1-7 245 244 245 134
竜 亀 亀 亀 亀 亀 亀 亀 亀亀 亀 135
亀 亀 亀 亀 亀 亀 滝 亀 亀 旧隣 4-1-13 4-1-13 亀 旧 246 亀 亀 亀 亀 246 136
旧 4-1-14 滝 滝滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝滝 滝 247 247 137
4-1-14 旧 248 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝滝 滝 248 138
滝滝 滝 滝 滝 滝滝 4-1-15 4-1-15 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 画 滝 画 画滝 249 249 139
旪 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝滝 滝滝 滝 滝 滝 滝滝滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝滝 4-1-16 250 1569 条 図 140
4-1-16 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 251 滝 4-1-17 旧 4-1-17 251 141
4-1-17 旧 252 10 4-1-1 8 4-1-18 252 142
4-1-18 滝 滝 253 11 253 143
旧隣 条 4-1-19 12 4-1-8 旧 弥 弥 144
4-1-19 旧 条 254 弥 254 255 145
4-1-8 4-1-20 256 4-1-20 3 256 146
2 147
3 内 1 2 3 弥 弥 148
滝 L 4-2-1 滝 149
4-2-1 滝 257 画 258 画 150
滝滝 151
図 259 画 152
2 図 図 図 153
3 図 図 260 261 画 262 画 154
弥 弥 滝 弥 弥 弥 弥 滝 竜 264 隣 宝 263 画 264 2000 p103 155
滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 265 画 266 画 156
芦 浜 267 画 157
浜 灯 268 画 158
鉢鉢鉢 鉢 鉢灯 269 画 159
272 270 画 271 画 272 2000 p141 160
弥 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 滝 囘旪 双 滝 滝 273 161
162
4-2-10 4-2-10 274 囘 274 163
亀亀 4-2-11 4-2-11 4-2-11 275 囘 275 276 164
165 鉢 277
166 1587 4-2-12
4-2-12 278 4-2-7 4-2-7 279 4-2-13 278 279 167
4-2-13 280 280 168
4-2-14 4-2-14 281 鉢 鉢 281 169
鉢 4-2-15 4-2-15 4-2-15 鉢 鉢 鉢 / 284 / 鉢 鉢鉢 鉢鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 70 282 283 284 1978 辞 p557 170
鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢鉢 鉢 171
鉢 鉢鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢鉢 鉢鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 285 / 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 285 172
鉢 鉢 鉢 4-2-9 鉢 4-2-9 鉢 鉢 286 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 286 173
174 滝 4-2-10 287 1978 辞 p677 4-2-10 287
175 4-2-17 4-2-17 288 288
旧隣 4-2-18 4-2-18 滝 画 旧 4.52 289 弥 弥 289 176
290 290 291 177
纹 292 292 178
纹纹 纹 纹 纹 294 / 293 1992 294 179
滝 鉢 滝 180
図会 図会 竜 竜 竜 295 181
滝 滝 滝 滝 関済 弥 4-3-1 297 図 国図会 296 297 2000 p91 182
299 弥 弥 弥 弥 弥 浜 弥 弥 300 298 299 300 2000 p1926116 183
弥 弥 弥 弥 弥弥 弥 弥 浜 弥 弥 鉄 浜 浜 滝 184
301 瑠 弥 瑠 弥 瑠 瑠 301 2000 p16 302 185
弥 303 / 305 瑠 303 2000 p16 304 305 2000 p109 306 1969 186
竜 307 竜 滝 307 2000 p98 187
滝 4-3-5 滝 4-3-5 旧 308 p197 309 188
310 311 浜 瑠 310 311 2000 p194 189
滝 疎 弥 竜 滝 滝 312 312 313 弥 190
/ 314 / 315 314 315 2000 p114 191
竜 滝 317 316 1969 p529 317 192
竜 荣 荣 318 滝 滝 竜 竜 318 319 p57 193
弥 旧 滝 滝 滝 滝 弥 囯 旧 () 1 321 国 1174-89 320 3 321 1984 194
竜 旧 322 囯 鬪 国 13 3 322 195
数 (1491) (1495) ( ) ( ) 斎 数 324 (1526 ) 数 数 4-3-8 323 (1526) 数 数 4-3-8 (4-3-9) 4-3-9 325 323 2000 p157 324 条 325 2000 p159 196
鉢 4-3-10 327 4-3-10 326 20~30cm 25~30cm 2-2.5cm 鉢 鉢 瑠 (1296) 鉢 竜 鉢 ( ) 4-3-9 4-3-11 鉢 数 326 2000 p156 327 宝 197
4-3-9 鉢 / 328 329 4-3-10 4-3-10 4-3-10 斎隣 ( ) 躙 328 2000 p156 329 1996 p126 330 198
4-3-10 331 331 2000 p100133 199
滝 滝 5 11 130 滝 滝 滝 200
201 滝 21 1 滝 334
会 会 会 会 202
浜 1 弥 竜 枡 枡 カナタ 国 203
弥 弥弥 弥 滝 滝 204
205
1000 206
B 336 1982 p96 337 1995 207
208
209 数 338 1993 p106
210
211
鉢 5-2-1 鉢 212
/ 339 / 340 鈎撑 339 2003 p135 340 1991 p1739 213
図 図 図 滝 滝 341 342 画 214
343 / 343 215
旧 / 344 / 345 / 346 347 / 344 1991 p344346 345 346 347 2000 p233 216
348 217
/ 350 351 / 349 1987 350 1991 p22 351 2000 p233 218
352 352 1990 - p6875151 219
353 / 355 / 356 353 1990 - p38 354 1987 355 2003 p61 356 2000 p138 220
358 / 357 / 1 1 357 1991 p35 358 2000 p67 221
359 359 1991 4 p4344 222
2 5-2-11 / 360 / 3 5-2-12 (5-2-12 ) / 361 / 362 360 2003 p135 361 1990 p157 223
4 5-2-13 363 図 362 2000 p133 363 2000 p161 224
225
364 364 2003 p109 226
滝 365 227
228 5-3-1 1000
229
366 366 1982 p106 230
5-3-2 5-3-3 5-3-2 5-3-2 367 368 367 368 1996 p124 231
232 5-3-3 1. 2. 1. ( (1) (2) (3) 2. 3. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 4.5.6. 7. 8. 9. 1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 2. 3... 鉢 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 宝 3. 1. 2. 1. : ( ) 2. : 滝 1. 2. ( ) 1. 2. ( )
233
234
弥 4 235
236 4 5 弥
弥 滝 237
238 弥 弥 弥
239
240
241
滝 242
悧 243
244
1984 198 48 198 48 198 83 198 83 辞 辞 写 画 坂 245
枡 カナタ 国 枡 http://www.epochtimes.com.tw http://www.npm.gov.tw 246
247 笋 1 2 3. 4 5
248 1 2 3 369 1 2 3 4 堃 5 369 2000
癯 1 笋 2 笋 3 笋 笋 笋 笋 笋 笋 笋 弥笋 笋 370 371 1 2 370 2000 371 2003 p133 249
250 3 372 1 2 3 1 2 笋 3 1 2 3 4 372 2004 p225
251 1994 373 1 2 3. 4 5 373 2000
鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 鉢 韮 252
374 253
254
255 375 375
滝 勧 256