315354 ( ) * ( 92 9 30 92 12 25 ) 3-6 Pearson = t F *
316 The Study of Light Misconception and Related Factors about the Third to Sixth Grades Pupils Ching-Yi Chang* Tsai-Whai Lee Abstract The purposes of this study were to use the two-tier diagnostic test to find out the misconceptions of light in 3-6 graders students and to analysis its relation with the age, sex, area, interested in science, reading science books and interested in experiment. The samples comefrom Kaohsing and Pingtung area in Taiwan. The instrument were developed through interview, open-ended question air and be corrected yb 4 physicists. The results of the study showed that students had many misconception trgarding the gollowing issued: how light travels, forming og shadow, light and vision, reflection of light and refraction of light. Key words: misconception, light. *Ching-Yi Chang: Associate Prefessor, Department of Early Childhood Care & Education Chaiman, Tajen Institue of Technology. Tsai-Whai Lee: Teacher, Pingtung Yen-Pu Elementary School.
317 Helm Novak1983Guense Tiberghien1983Osborne Freyberg1985 (Champange et al.1983helm Novak1983) (Champagne, Gunstone Klopfer1983Gagne1975Helm Novak1983Lawson1988)
318 1. 2. (Socrates469~399 B.C.) (Plato427~347 B.C.) (Euclid330~260 B.C.) (Isaac Newton 1642~1727) ( 2001) (Christian Huygens1629~1695) ( 2001) ( 1998) 1970 ( 2002) 1980 2001
319 3.12-15 Piaget (1929) 5-10 5 1. (9-10 ) 2.11-12 Stead & 9-16 1. Osborne(1980) 12 2. 13 3. 4. Anderson 12-15 1. Karrquist (1983) Anderson Smith(1983,198 6) 10-11 1. 2. Fetherstonhaugh 9-12 1. Happs Treagust(1987) POE 2. 3., Fetherstonhaugh 13-15 16 1. Treagust(1992). 2. 3., Saxena(1991) 9-12 1. 3. 5. 6-8 (1992) 1. 2. 4. 1. (1992) (2001) 1. 2. 3. 4. ( )
320 2. 2. 3. 1. 3. 2. 3. Piaget(1929) 5-10 5 1. 2. Stead 9-16 1. Osborne(1980) 12 2. 13 Anderson 12-15 (7-9 1. Karrquist(1983) ) Eaton, Anderson Smith(1983) 10-11 1. * 2. Anderson Smith(1986) 9-12 1. Fetherstonhaugh 9-12 1., Happs Treagust (1987) POE 2. Ramadas Driver (1989) 3. 9-12 1. 2. Saxena (1991) 9-12 1. ( ) (1992) 1.
321 (1992) (1994) 1. 2. 3. 9-12 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. (1999) 1. 2. 3. (2001) 1. 2. ( 1992) 3.8 4.9 3. Piaget (1929) 5-10 5 1.5 2.6-7 Feher 9-13 1. Rice(1987) POE 2. 4. Fetherstonhaugh 13-15 1. Treagust(1992). POE 9-12 1.
322 (1989) 2. 3. 6-8 1. (1992) 2. 3. 4. 5. (1998) 1. 2. 3. (2001) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Anderson Karrquist (1983) 7-9 1. (12-15 ) Goldberg McDermott (1983, 1986) 2. 9-12 1. 2. 3.
323 2. 3. 7. (1) (2) (3) 2. 4. 1. 4. 5. (1989) 1. Shapiro(1989) 11-12 (classroom 1. profile) 2. 4. 5. 6. 8. Fetherstonhaugh Treagust(1992) 13-15 16 1. (1992) 1. 2. 1. (1992) (1999) 1. (2001) 1. 2. 3. 2. 3.
324 2.7-9 3.9-10 4.9-15 5.15 2. 4. 5. 6. 7. 4. Piaget(1929) 5-10 5 1.2-7 Fetherstonhaugh, 9-12 1. Happs Treagust(1987) POE (1989) 1. Shapiro(1989) 11-12 1. (classroom 2. profile) Fetherstonhaugh Treagust(1992) 13-15 16 1. 2. : (1998) POE 1. 2. 3. (1999) 1. 2. (2001) 1. 2. 3.
325 Smith & Anderson (1984) (2001) Feher & Rice (1987, 1988, 1992) (Two-tier Diagnostic Test) Treagust(1988) (Mintzes, Wandersee, Novak, 2001)
326 (Finley & Stewart, 1982) < >
327 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 1. 2. 1. ( ) 4 10 6 9 ( ) 31 64 24 45 2. ( )
328 105 91 87 Pearson.05( ) 23 15613 11121415 8910 647816
329 36 1299 36 33 31 37 70 67 137 35 30 33 31 64 65 129 37 35 32 34 71 67 138 36 35 32 30 55 78 133 36 31 35 35 60 77 137 36 35 33 35 68 71 139 35 35 35 35 79 61 140 36 35 33 35 78 61 139 35 35 32 35 85 52 137 / 169 153 149 155 154 142 158 149 630 599 322 304 296 307 1229 SPSS 10.0 () () ()
330 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ( ) -- (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) (2) (3) 432 19.42 7 0.35 6 0.27 445 20 18 9 232 210 0.81 0.40 10.43 9.44 40.68 215 153 277 244 9.66 6.88 12.45 10.97 49 2.20 94 4.22 146 6.56 122 5.48 18.73 282 256 655 576 100 12.67 11.51 29.44 25.89 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 19.42 21.26 0.58 58.74 AndersonSmith(1986)Fetherstonhaugh (19871988 1990) 1. 19.42 2. (59.32)
331 177 15.9 114 10.2 272 24.4 94 8.4 93 8.4 87 7.8 227 26.9 212 25.1 94 11.2 89 10.6 276 24.8 221 26.2 (24.8) (24.4) (15.9) (10.2) (26.9) (26.2) (25.1) C -- (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) 194 36 175 115 389 910 15.79 2.93 14.24 9.36 31.65 74.04 (2) 78 21 174 30 10 314 6.35 1.71 14.16 2.44 0.81 25.55 272 58 350 145 401 1229 22.13 4.72 28.48 11.80 32.63 100 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 31.65 42.39 0.98 24.98 74.04 31.65 D (28.48) B
332 Stead Osborne(1980) -- (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) 142 22 23 23 69 283 11.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 5.6 23.0 (2) 788 82 50 9 10 944 64.1 6.7 4.1 0.7 0.8 76.8 930 104 74 32 79 1229 75.7 8.5 6.0 2.6 6.4 100 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 5.6 17.4 0.8 76.2 (64.1) 75.7 D Stead Osborne(1980)Fetherstonhaugh (198719881990) (2001)
333 -- (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) 68 43 36 39 1 187 2.5 1.58 1.32 1.43 0.04 6.88 (2) 338 930 594 654 5 2528 12.43 34.20 21.85 24.05 0.18 92.98 406 973 630 693 6 2719 14.93 35.79 23.17 25.49 0.22 100 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2.5 4.38 12.43 80.69 2.5 Smith, Anderson(1984) (93.12) 35.79 Shapiro(1989) 4-3-6 67 4.2 () 472 74.4 368 22.9 424 26.4 749 46.6 162 25.6 72 6.8 40 3.8 14 1.3 13 1.2 530 50.0 372 35.1 20 1.9
334 (46.6) (26.9) (22.9) 74.4 (50) 35.1 B A -- (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) 840 210 23 14 6 1095 68.3 17.1 1.9 1.1 0.5 89.1 (2) 56 37 19 13 1 129 4.6 3.0 1.5 1.1 0.1 10.5 897 248 42 27 7 1229 73.0 20.2 3.4 2.2 0.6 100 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 17.1 72.0 3.0 7.9 89.1 A 17.1 Eaton, Anderson Smith(1983)
335 Anderson Smith(1986) 68.3 Eaton, Anderson Smith(1983) -- / (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) 103 200 18 111 228 6 667 8.4 16.3 1.5 9.0 18.6 0.5 54.3 (2) 41 71 315 40 66 13 559 3.3 5.8 25.6 3.3 5.4 1.1 45.5 11.7 144 22.1 271 27.1 333 12.3 151 23.9 294 19 1.5 100 1229 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 25.6 19.9 1.5 53 25.6 74.4 Anderson Smith(1986)
336 Fetherstonhaugh (198719881990) 46 11.7 12.3 -- / (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 299 312 96 190 168 20 1110 (1) 24.3 25.4 7.8 15.5 13.7 1.6 90.3 39 23 11 16 14 117 (2) 3.2 1.9 0.9 1.3 1.1 9.5 338 335 107 206 182 20 1229 27.5 27.3 8.7 16.8 14.8 1.62 100 ( ) ( )( ) ( ) 25.4 64.9 1.9 7.8 90.3 25.4 (27.5)
337 (16.8) Guense (1983) (1997)Fetherstonhaugh Treagust(1992) (1998) 46 1. 2. Guense Tiberghie(1983) -- (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) (2) 452 36.8 29 2.4 481 39.1 350 28.5 220 17.9 97 7.9 9 0.7 1141 92.8 17 15 15 5 84 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.4 6.8 367 235 112 14 1229 29.9 19.1 9.1 1.1 100 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 7.9 84.9 1.2 6.0
338 7.9 29.9 39.1 (2001) 19.1 -- (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) 25 2.0 12 1.0 18 1.5 5 0.4 3 0.2 63 5.1 (2) 92 7.5 214 17.4 7 0.6 57 4.6 2 0.2 372 30.3 (3) 63 5.1 378 30.8 53 5.1 111 9.0 15 1.2 635 51.7 (4) 22 1.8 36 2.9 64 5.2 16 1.3 5 0.4 144 11.7 207 16.8 643 52.3 153 12.4 192 15.6 25 2.0 1229 100 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
339 30.8 20.9 21.5 26.8 30.8 67.9 15.6 16.8 Shapiro(1989) (1992) (2001) 12.4 Shapiro(1989) -- (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) 14 1.1 1022 83.2 193 15.7 1229 100 13 1.1 114 9.3 1103 89.7 1229 100 16 1.3 914 74.4 299 24.3 1229 100 18 1.5 344 28.0 867 70.5 1229 100 15 1.2 247 20.1 967 78.7 1229 100 15 1.2 993 80.8 221 18.0 1229 100 2 0 4-3-13
340 -- 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 15 20 78 92 228 275 521 1.2 1.6 6.3 7.5 18.6 22.4 42.4 (42.4) (9.1) Anderson Karrquist(1983) (2001) -- (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) 479 210 408 13 1113 39.0 17.1 33.2 1.1 90.6 (2) 30 18 31 1 81 2.4 1.5 2.5 0.1 6.6 (3) 6 15 3 7 31 0.5 1.2 0.2 0.6 2.5 515 243 442 21 1229 41.9 19.8 36.0 1.7 100 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 39.0 2.9 51.6 6.5 90.6 39.0 Piaget(1929) 9 (1998)
341 36.0 Feher Rice(1987) (80) (1992) -- (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) 78 137 16 11 10 253 6.3 11.1 1.3 0.9 0.8 20.6 (2) 57 203 574 107 12 958 4.6 16.5 46.7 8.7 1.0 77.9 137 343 591 118 22 1229 11.1 27.9 48.1 9.6 1.8 100 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 46.7 31.2 1.4 20.7 46.7 27.9 Feher Rice(1987)
342 -- (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) 31 2.5 20 1.6 9 0.7 17 1.4 6 0.5 85 6.9 (2) 765 62.2 88 7.2 101 8.2 145 11.8 23 1.9 1144 93.1 796 64.8 108 8.8 110 9.0 162 13.2 29 2.4 1229 100 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 7.2 85.9 1.6 5.3 93.1 17.8 (64.8) Stead Osborne(1980) Eaton, Anderson Smith(1983) ( 1994) 17.8 7.2
343 10.6 -- (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) 298 379 100 19 797 24.2 30.8 8.1 1.5 64.8 (2) 30 34 341 12 427 2.4 2.8 27.7 1.0 34.7 328 413 441 31 1229 26.7 33.6 35.9 2.5 100 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 30.8 34.0 2.8 32.4 64.8 30.8 24.2 27.8 -- (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 101 218 221 360 20 921 (1) 8.2 17.7 18.0 29.3 1.6 74.9
344 (2) 156 12.7 257 20.9 31 2.5 74 6.0 31 2.5 4 0.3 300 24.4 249 296 391 24 1229 20.3 24.1 31.8 2.0 100 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 29.3 45.6 2.5 22.6 29.3 (17.7) (18.0)
345 -- (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (1) 60 4.9 26 2.1 9 0.7 4 0.3 2 0.2 5 0.4 110 9.0 (2) 98 8.0 27 2.2 27 2.2 4 0.3 2 0.2 55 4.5 2 0.2 215 17.5 (3) 267 21.7 83 6.8 6 0.5 5 0.4 4 0.3 8 0.7 376 30.6 (4) 53 4.3 26 2.1 14 1.1 10 0.8 4 0.3 15 1.2 1 0.1 123 10.0 (5) 139 11.3 37 3.0 50 4.1 30 2.4 4 0.3 35 2.8 1 0.1 299 24.3 (6) 23 1.9 10 0.8 6 0.5 2 0.2 3 0.2 1 0.1 45 3.7 (7) 15 1.2 27 2.2 3 0.2 1 0.1 1 0.1 3 0.2 1 0.1 51 4.1 659 53.6 236 19.2 115 9.4 56 4.6 17 1.4 124 10.1 6 0.5 1229 100 ( )( )( )( ) 4.5 13 5.6 76.9 17.5 4.5 30.6 53.6 (1998) 3.7 Piaget(1929) 9-15 15
346 t / F / F T /322 1.26 /630 1.35 5.513 0.225 0.822 /304 1.33 /599 1.34 1.790 0.147 /296 1.39 /293 1.42 8.664 2.326* 0.020 /307 1.41 /360 1.26 /174 1.42 /404 1.31 0.739 0.897 0.370 /586 1.35 /409 1.36 0.496 0.609 /608 1.38 /416 1.37 0.588 1.693 0.091 /345 1.28 /322 3.38 /630 3.39 1.85 0.922 0.356 /304 3.24 /599 3.31 0.092 0.439 /296 3.40 /293 3.35 0.227-0.401 0.688 /307 3.39 /360 3.39 /174 3.63 /404 3.22 2.503 2.734** 0.006 /586 3.28 /409 3.50 3.980* 0.019 /608 3.35 /416 3.34 0.276-0.694 0.488 /345 3.42 /322 3.76 /630 4.28 3.534 2.672** 0.008 /304 4.00 /599 4.04 23.287*** 0.000 /296 4.14 /293 4.02 0.485-2.233* 0.026 /307 4.76 /360 4.31 /174 4.48 /404 4.15 3.594 2.526* 0.012 /586 4.14 /409 4.20 0.182 0.833 /608 4.19 /416 4.13 4.799-0.222 0.825 /345 4.22 /322 6.42 /630 6.54 0.268-1.031 0.303 /304 6.47 /599 6.66 5.217** 0.001 /296 6.55 /293 6.53 4.790-1.093 0.275 /307 6.96 /360 6.70 /174 6.53 /404 6.69 9.190-0.874 0.383 /586 6.69 /409 6.69 2.976 0.051 /608 6.71 /416 6.41 2.428 1.559 0.119 /345 6.51 /322 6.65 /630 7.15 1.126 1.221 0.222 /304 6.93 /599 7.00 10.136*** 0.000 /296 7.24 /293 6.89 8.794-1.828 0.068 /307 7.52 /360 7.21 /174 7.20 /404 6.90 1.970 0.023 0.981 /586 7.19 /409 7.31 3.968* 0.019 /608 7.00 /416 7.03 3.051-1.569 0.117 /345 7.22 *P>.05 **P>.01 ***P>.001
347 () 1. 2. () 1. 64.8 30.8 2. 90.6 39.0 36.0
348 27.9 () 1. 2. 3. () 1. 2.
349 3. (74.4) () 1. 2. (39.1%) 19.1 3. 42.4 (9.1 ) () ()
350 1. 2. (1) (2) 3.
351 () (1992) ( ) (1992) 373-92 (1992) () (NSC
352 81-0111-S-153-01-N) (1994) () (NSC83-0111-S153-001N) (2001) ( ) (1992) ( ) (1998) ( ) (2001) ( ) (1999) (NSC86-2511-S110-003) (1998) ( ) (2001) (Conceptual Physics-The High School Program)Paul G. Hewitt (1989) ( ) (NSC77-0111-S017-005-D) (1997) 1997 3139 (1998) 2(1) (1999) ( ) (1989) (NSC78-0111-S003-017D) (80)
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