輥輯訛 % 2010~ % Northwestern Journal of Ethnology 1. J., 1994, 3 14~ J., ~150.

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1 G75 A 12 BGA JHQ J., 1999, 5 46~ J. 1998, 2 3~24.. J. 2008, 6 2 3~42. N. W. Journal of Ethnology No.1 Total No.72

2 輥輯訛 % 2010~ % Northwestern Journal of Ethnology 1. J., 1994, 3 14~ J., ~ J., 2002, 6 9~ J., ~ , 1 61~ J.,. J. 2010, 1 9~16. 7 Fullan, M. The new meaning of educational change 3rd ed.. New York: Teachers College Press Hannum E. & Albert P. Academic achievement and engagement in rural China. In E. Hannum, P. Albert Eds.. Education and Reform in China. Oxford: Routledge ~8.. J., 2010, 10. J., 2008, 1. 輥輯訛. R

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12 1274~ ~ Muslim Communities in Kunming: Ma Xuefeng Abstract: In Yuan Dynasty, a comparatively larger Muslim community had been formed in Kunming city. During a period of nearly 600 years from the 13th century to the 19th century, this community had been developing peacefully in Kunming. As a result, five mosque-centered -Jama ats came into being as the traditional residential pattern of Muslim in Kunming. However, the Muslim community was completely destroyed in Xiantong Incident in the middle of 19th century. During the next 100 years, the Muslim community of Kunming had been restored progressively. Therefore, by the end of the 1950s, the five mosque-centered -Jama ats had been revived. Half a century later, however, under the influence of various factors of modernity, the traditional community structure has been changed in many aspects, which in turn led to its gradual disintegration. Key words: Kunming; Muslim community; five-mosque-centered-jama ats; disintegration Current Situation of Teaching Staff s Supplement, Improvement and Management in Ethnic Minority Areas of China and its Countermeasure Research Wang Jiayi Zhao Mingren Abstract: In the context of improving the quality of education in minority regions and promoting balanced development of education, it is a fact that strengthening teaching staff s supplement, improvement and management is a prerequisite and decisive factor to improve the quality of education in minority areas. Based on the experiences of developing education in minority regions and under the guidance of Scientific Concept of Development, the following policy recommendations are suggested to solve the key problems: fully understanding the great strategic significance in strengthening the teaching staffs in minority areas in new era; improving the treatment of teachers in minority areas; creating innovative resource allocation mechanism for teachers in minority areas; increasing the counterparts support and communication between urban and rural areas; carrying out cultivation and training of bilingual teachers, improving teachers management level and strengthening research on teachers in minority areas. Key words: ethnic minority regions; teachers; current situation; problem; countermeasure See P

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. OER 20 4 2014 8 Open Education Research Vol. 20 No. 4 Aug. 2014 200062 G72 A 1007-2179 2014 04-0100 - 11 GDP 3000 50% 2014-2020 1978-2013 1. 7 7. 3 17. 9% 53. 7% 1. 02 193 658 2173 2005 1998 20113 53. 73%