攝護腺癌診療指引 2011 年 05 月 11 日一修 2012 年 02 月 15 日二修 2013 年 02 月 20 日三修 泌尿道癌醫療團隊共同修訂
修訂原則 參與修訂科別 : 泌尿外科 腫瘤治療科 放射診斷科 病理科 血液腫瘤科 診療指引需符合以下原則 : 一 依據實證醫學精神, 並於指引中註明主要參考文獻 ( 至少為 peer review article), 若引用醫院之資料庫資料, 則需提供分析及討論紀錄 二 參酌國情並經院內共識討論, 且有相關會議紀錄佐證 三 定期檢視改版 ( 至少每年一次, 且明確標示制訂或修訂日期 ) 四 團隊共識後所訂之指引, 應提送癌委會核備後公告
圖一 : 最初診斷和追蹤觀察 最初篩檢診斷及分期方法依未來可能復發之危險度分期最初治療 攝護腺特異性抗原 (PSA) 肛門指檢 (DRE) 前列腺超音波檢查 經直腸超音波切片檢查 ( 休息 2~4 周 ) 或經尿道攝護腺切除術 ( 休息 4~6 周 ) 格里森分級系統 (Gleason grade) 腹部 X 光檢查骨盆或腹部電腦斷層攝影或腹部核磁共振攝影或骨髂掃描 (T1PSA >20 T2PSA>10 Gleason scroce 8 T3-T4 symptomatic) 極低危險 T1c GS 6 PSA<10 <3 條 corse <50% 低危險 T1-T2a GS 6 PSA<10ng/m L 中危險 T2b-T2c or GS=7 or PSA:10-20ng/mL 高危險 T3a or GS=8-10 or PSA>20ng/m L 極高危險 T3a-T4 轉移 Any T,N1 轉移 Any T Any N M1( 多發性轉移 ) 餘命 <10 年 餘命 10-20 年 餘命 20 年 餘命 <10 年 餘命 10 年 餘命 <10 年 餘命 10 年 觀察 / 積極追蹤評估 若病患拒 OP 根除性攝護腺切除術 + 骨盆淋巴結切除 觀察 ( 積極 ) 追蹤評估 ± 觀察直至有症狀 ( 除非高危險因子可使用 ADT 或 R/T) 觀察 / 積極追蹤評估放射線治療 (Daily IGRT with IMRT/ 3D- CRT)± short-term 荷爾蒙治療 4-6 個月根除性攝護腺切除術 ± 骨盆淋巴結切除 放射線治療 (Daily IGRT with IMRT/3DCRT)+ADT(2-3 年 ) 餘命 >10 年腫瘤不大 Selected p't no fixation 荷爾蒙治療或放射線治療 (Daily IGRT with IMRT/3DCRT) + long-term 荷爾蒙治療 (2-3years) 荷爾蒙治療 ± 合併姑息性放射線治療 Active surveillance± 觀察直至有症狀 ( 除非高危險因子可使用 ADT 或 R/T) 積極追蹤評估放射線治療 (Daily IGRT with IMRT/ 3D- CRT)± short-term 荷爾蒙治療 4-6 個月 根除性攝護腺切除術 + 骨盆淋巴結切除 (1)observation if clear margin, PSA 偵測不到或 < 極低值 (2)*adverse feature: R/T or OBS (3)LN meta: ADT+R/T or ADT or OBS (1)observation if clear margin (2)adverse feature: R/T or OBS (3)LN meta: ADT+RT. ADT. OBS 見圖二 * 註 : adverse feature : 腎水腫或 T3 -T4 及 Gleason scroce 8-10
追蹤觀察 Active surveillance 積極追蹤評估觀察 每 3-6 個月檢驗 PSA 每 12 個月肛門指檢 ( 每 6 個月, 至少不超過 12 個月 ) 必要時每年切片 (TRUS) 或是 Prostate 檢查有異常改變, 或是 PSA 有持續增加但 75 歲以後或生命餘命 ( Life expectancy <10 years 例外 ) 手術或放射線治療後 每 3-6 個月檢驗 PSA 持續 5 年, 之後每年檢驗 PSA 每 12 個月肛門指檢 N1/ M1 每 3-6 個月 (1) 檢驗 PSA (2) 身體理學檢查 ( 包含 DRE) 每 3 個月肝功能檢查 ( 若使用女性荷爾蒙物 Ketoconazole Cyproterone Acetate(Androcar))
圖二 : 治療後復發的追蹤 根除性攝護腺切除後復發追蹤 PSA 無降到最低值以下或無法偵測值以下 術後 PSA 數值再度升高 ( 兩次 ) Work up : ± 電腦斷層 ± 核磁共振攝影 ± 骨骼掃描 ± 前列腺切片 (TRUS Bx, 前次手術區域有異常病兆 ) Postive DRE 手術邊界陰性或陽性 侵犯儲精囊或淋巴結轉移 遠端轉移 放射線治療 ± 荷爾蒙治療或觀察 放射線治療 ± 荷爾蒙治療或荷爾蒙治療單獨使用或觀察 荷爾蒙治療 ± R/T 於負重之骨轉移或有症狀之病灶或觀察 見圖三 荷爾蒙治療或觀察 放射線治療失敗 (PSA 從最低值增加 2ng/ml 以上 ) Work up : ± 電腦斷層 ± 核磁共振攝影 ± 骨骼掃描 ±Prostate Bx Postive DRE 局部復發 瀰漫性遠端轉移 或攝護腺根除 Cryotherapy If life >10 年,initial T1- T2, PSA<10 ADT or observation
圖三 : 症狀治療 M0 or M1 預計荷爾蒙治療 Orchiectomy or LHRH agonist ±antiandrogen 7days to prevent testosterone flare or LHRH agonist +antiandrogen or LHRH antagonist 復發 無遠端轉移 遠端轉移 ( 懷疑小細胞癌, 則安排切片確認 ) Maintain castrate serum levels of testosterone Not small cell Clinic trial(preferred) Observation 二線荷爾蒙治療 (Ketoconazole or Antiandrogen or Steroids or DES or Estrogen) Symptomatic Yes No PSA relapse or 發現轉移 化學治療 (Docetaxel.Mitoxantrone) Palliative R/T for bone metastasis Clinic trial 二線荷爾蒙治療 化學治療 (Docetaxel) Clinic trial 見圖四 Small cell 化學治療 (as NCCN guideline for small cell lung cancer) (1)Cisplatin + Etoposide (2)Carboplatin + Etoposide (3)Docetaxel 安寧緩和
圖四 : 轉移 轉移 Maintain castrate serum levels of testosterone Denosumab or zoledronic acid if bone metastases 惡化 持續二線荷爾蒙治療 化學治療 : Docetaxel 臨床試驗 觀察 安寧緩和療護
攝護腺癌化療處方 Chemotherapy regimen 治療目的組套編碼處方內容 Advanced Metastasis P-1-1 Docetaxel 50 mg/m 2 IV over 1hr infusion, day 1 Prednisolone 10mg, Oral daily Biweekly P-1-2 4 Docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 IV over 1hr infusion, day 1 Repeat every 21 days Prednisolone 5mg po Bid P-3 Mitoxantrone + Prednisolone 17 Mitoxantrone 12 mg/m 2 IV over 20 minutes, day 1 Repeat every 21 days Prednisolone 5mg po Bid
Radiation therapy Treatment type RT technique Total dose Fraction size / # Fractions Note Radical radiotherapy Conventionally Fractionated RT 45Gy to pelvic node 54Gy to periprostate area 74-82Gy to prostate 1.8-2Gy/ fraction IGRT required if >78Gy Adjuvant radiotherapy Conventionally Fractionated RT 45Gy to pelvic node 64-68Gy to tumor bed 1.8-2Gy/ fraction Indication: 1. 手術不完整 (Postive surgical margin) 2. 腫瘤侵犯儲精囊 (Seminal vesicle invasion;svi) 3. 骨盆淋巴腺轉移 (Postive pelvic node) 4. 術前 PSA 指數很高 (Higher pre-operative PSA value) 5. 腫瘤惡性度高 (Greater Gleason score 7) 6. 腫瘤侵犯超越莢膜 (Extracapsule extension;epe) Adjuvant radiotherapy For high risk disease Salvage R/T for biological relapse Conventionally Fractionated RT IGRT 45Gy to pelvic node 70Gy to tumor bed 1.8-2Gy/ fraction 註 : 實際治療分次劑量 總治療次數, 應與處方劑量差異在 ±1Gy 內 註 : 放射治療詳細流程清參照攝護腺癌放射治療標準政策與執行規範 註 :High risk disease:pt3 disease,postive margin,gleason score 8-10 or Seminal vesicle involvement
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