2001 2008 27 55
Merriman 1991 Bailey 1997; 1998 House of Commons 1989a O, Hagan 1995 Anderson 1998 House of Commons 1989b 1997 Department of Culture, Media and Sport, DCMS 2001 2008 6 18 1 2008 1 23 2 2008 5 1 National Museum of Korea National Museum of Contemporary Art 3 Lin, 2008 DCMS, 2005 Museum Mouseion Muse 1753 1 http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/080106/2/rcdo.html 2008/01/06 2 http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2008-01/28/content_7509669.htm 2008/01/28 3 http://www.ncaf.org.tw/content/internews-content.asp?ser_no=1174 2008/05/16 56
1759 2007 Cowell, 2007 The International Council of Museums, ICOM ICOM, 2008 4 equality of opportunity principle Heilbrun Gray Heilbrun & Gray, 2001 Lin 2006 1 Lin 2008 15 1% 2 50 Lin Skelton et al., 2002 NEA, 2003 Nichols, 2003 Fenn et al., 2004 MLA,2004 Lin, 2008 Lin Lin, 2008 1. 4 http://icom.museum/ 2008/01/16 57
58 admission entry fee blockbusters 2004 2008 2 1753 Cowell, 2007 30 1810 1845 1 1937 Cowell, 2007 1963 85.2 2004 1964 1970 1970-1974 1972 1974 10 200 Cowell, 2007 1979 Lin, 2006 1979-1996
The National Maritime Museum the Victoria and Albert Museum the National History Museum 1994 Value-added tax VAT 1997 Tony Blair Access Excellence Education Economic 2005 1998 3 200 2005 2. 59
1999 60 2001 1997 2007 Culture & Creativity in 2007 10 Tony Blair 2001 40 2002-3 540 2004-5 650 16-18 1999 1600 800 2005-6 1998-99 70 4000 2008 3 3600 1997 28 DCMS, 20071997 3 Bailey et al., 1998 1988 2,436,048 1989 1,121,103 1990 1,303,345 1996 1,300,000 1997 1,040,750 1998 4 Lin, 2006 MCA 2000 5 12 Savage, 2001 2001 2005 700,000 1,700,000 DCMS, 2007 1998-99 2 4 2006-7 3 9 60 5 2000-2005 5 Cowell, 2007 The Imperial War Museum 2001 2002-3 490 15 2004-5 570 16.7 899,362 3.2 1,573,350 4.9 Cowell, 2007 6 60
the Museum and Galleries Commission, MGC 5 3. 4. 5 MGC 2000 MLA Museums,Libraries and Archives Council 61
5. 6. Lin, 2006 the Museum of Contemporary Art, MCA 77% Savage, 2001 3 Savage, 2001 MGC 1998 7 62
7. 57.4% MGC, 1998 1989 MGC, 1998 Cossons Lin, 2006 8 Smithsonian, s museums and galleries 18 National Museum of Natural History National Postal Museum National Museum of African Art suggested 18 6 6 http://news.chinatimes.com/2007cti/2007cti-news/2007cti-news-print/ 0,4634,110513x112007072700314,00.html 2007/07/27 63
8. 2008 18 2008 1 23 7 ( ) 7 7 http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2008-01/28/content_7509669.htm 2008/01/28 64
20% 60% 80% 8 11 2008 25 2006 9 460 9 2006 2 1 100 160 50 80 2 1 10 60% 15% 3 20 30 10 15 9. 8 http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2008-02/15/content_7606865.htm 2008/02/15 9 http://www.cdnews.com.tw 2008/02/01 10 http://www.npm.gov.tw/zh-tw/administration/services/news_02.htm?docno=211 2008/01/13 65
2007 40 11 10 65 Habermas Hewison Webster heritage industry visitor customer social enterprise Webster 1999 10. 11 http://w107.news.tpc.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/080113/2/rrmz.html 2008/01/13 66
1999 2004 7 100 3D 4D 10 1 2 12 13 12 http://udn.com/news/main.html 2008/06/05 13 2005 1290GDP 8.2 DCMS, 2007 67
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To Charge or Not to Charge? A Study on Admission Policy of National Museums Wen-Ling Lin* Yung-Neng Lin** Abstract The policy debate on museum admission charges has a long history. Since offering free admission in 2001, almost all the national museums in UK have twice more the numbers both in visitor and in revenue. It becomes a current trend of the world, museums in Denmark and Australia have followed to offer free admission to their visistors. Even France and China have announced that they will free the charge for museum admission in 2008. On the contrary, however, many of Taiwan, s national museums have increased admission fee recently. The article explores not only the history of UK admission policy, but also the debate and impact of the policy. And then, compare UK museums admission policy to that in Taiwan. Taking the experience of UK as an example, the study suggests that (1) government could reduce admission fee step by step, (2) national museums could go forward firstly, (3) the missions of museums should be insisted, and (4) the impact of free admission should be assessed from time to time. Keywords: admission policy, equality of opportunity, national museum * Ph.D. student, Graduate School of Art-Culture Policy and Management, National Taiwan University of Arts **Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Art, Culture Industry, Design and Management, National Taipei University of Education 71