013, Vol. 1, No. 10, 170 1730 Advances in Psychological Science DOI: 10.374/SP.J.104.013.0170 元分析 (Meta-Analysis) 感觉寻求与网络成瘾关系的元分析 1 1 1 ( 1, 15005) (, 31004) 运用元分析方法对个体感觉寻求与网络成瘾的关系进行探讨 经筛选, 共有 37 项相关研究满足元分析标准 (N = 15768) 元分析的结果发现, 个体寻求激动和惊险维度与网络成瘾呈低等相关, 感觉寻求总分 寻求体验 厌恶单调及去抑制维度与网络成瘾有显著中等正相关, 其中去抑制维度与网络成瘾的相关程度最高 (r = 0.35) 调节效应检验发现测量工具 被试人群 文化背景对感觉寻求与网络成瘾有调节作用 结果表明, 感觉寻求是网络成瘾的重要人格影响因素, 它的总分与各维度对网络成瘾有不同程度的预测性 感觉寻求 ; 网络成瘾 ; 元分析 ; 调节作用 R395 1 引言 (sensation seeking, SS),,,,, (Internet addiction, IA),,, (,,,,, 008;, 006;, 007;, 01;, 009),, (,,,, 01;,, 011; Velezmoro, Lacefield, & Roberti, 010; Kim & Davis, 009), (Mesgarani, Shafiee, Ahmadi, & Zare, 013), : 013-05-0 :, E-mail: chenjianzhi13@16.com,,,, (, 008; Lavin, Marvin, Mclarney, Nola, & Scott, 1999; Lin & Tsai, 00; Shi, Chen, & Tian, 011),,, (, 006;, 007;, 01;,, 004; Rahmani & Lavasani, 011),, (meta-analysis),,, 文献综述与理论假设.1 文献综述.1.1 感觉寻求的结构及测量 170
10 : 171 (, ),, (,, ), (Zuckerman, 1994), 4 (thrill and adventure seeking, TAS), (experience seeking, ES), (disinhibition, DIS), (boredom susceptibility, BS) (Zuckerman, 1994) (TAS), TAS, (ES),,, (Newcomb & McGee, 1989; Zuckerman, 007)(DIS), DIS, (Acton, 003; Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990; Zuckerman, 1994) Finn, Mazas, Justus Steinmetz (00), DIS (BS) BS,,,,, (Zuckerman, 1994) (Sensation Seeking Scale, SSS) 4 (Zuckerman, 1994), (Loas et al., 001; Roberti, Storch, & Bravata, 003; Rowland & Franken, 1986; Wang et al., 000) (1990) (SSS), Wang (000), Zuckerman,,, (, 003;,,,,, 006), Zuckerman (1984) (Sensation Seeking Scale VI, SSS-VI),,,,.1. 网络成瘾的衡量 0,,, (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DSM-IV), (cognitive behavioral model) (Davis, 001),,, DSM-IV (substance abuse) (substance dependence),, (Chou, Condron, & Belland, 005) Goldberg (1995) 7 (Internet addiction disorder diagnostic criteria, IADDC), Brenner (1997) 3 (Internet-Related Addictive Behavior Inventory, IRABI) Scherer (1997) 10 (Clinical Symptoms of Internet Dependency, CSID) Brenner (1997) Scherer (1997) ( / ),, (impulse-control disorder) (pathological gambling) Young (1998a) DSM-IV, (Young Diagnostic Questionnaire, YDQ), YDQ 8, Young (1998b)
17 1, Young (1998b) YDQ, (Likert scale) (Internet Addiction Test, IAT), (Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire, PIUQ) IAT, Young (1998b) (Thatcher & Goolam, 005), DSM-IV Davis, Flett Besser (00) (Online Cognitive Scale, OCS) Caplan (00) (cognitive-behavioral approach) Davis (001), (Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale, GPIUS) Caplan (00) GPIUS (psychosocial health), Griffiths (1998) (Addiction Components Criteria, ACC), Morahan-Martin Schumacher (000)(Pathological Use Scale, PUS) Griffiths (000) 7 6 ACC, Morahan-Martin Schumacher (000) 13 PUS Young YDQ IAT, (005) (CIAS-R),. 研究假设..1 感觉寻求与网络成瘾的相关,,, (, 01),,,, (Hansen & Breivik, 001) Hittner Swickert (006), 4 (Rahmani & Lavasani, 011), (,, 011),, 1.. 影响感觉寻求与网络成瘾相关的研究特征, Zuckerman,,,,,,,,, ; Zuckerman (SSS-V); ; Zuckerman, (Lynne-Landsman, Graber, Nichols, & Botvin, 011) Lynne-Landsman (011),, ;, Lynne-Landsman (011),,,,
10 : 173,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 4 5 3 研究方法 3.1 文献搜集,,, ( )013, 37, PsycINFO Medline Conference Papers Index google yahoo, 013 internet sensation seeking internet addiction internet dependence pathological internet use internet addiction disorder Net addiction online addiction, 1 1 ; ; 3 ( F t χ ), (effect size), ; 4,,,,, 19, 8, 9, 37 3. 文献编码,, ( ) (continuous variables), (categorical variables) (categorical moderator variables) (,, ) (, ), 1 3.3 统计分析 3.3.1 效果量计算, (standardized mean difference, d) (correlation, r), r,, t, F, χ, r (Rosenthal, 1991; Shadish, Robinson, & Lu, 1999) r = t, df=n 1 +n ; F(1, ) r = ; t + df F(1, ) + df( error) χ r = ;, r χ + N,, Fisher Z r Z r, Z r (Borenstein, Hedges, Higgins, & Rothstein, 009; Hittner & Swickert, 006), 1+ r Zr = 0.5* ln( ) 1 r 3.3. 异质性检验 (heterogeneity),
174 1 表 1 感觉寻求与网络成瘾的基本资料 N r total r TAS r ES r DIS r BS (01) 8 () 0.56 0.9 0.0 0.45 0.9 (01) 1498 (Steinberg) 0.33 (011) 553 ( ) 0.1 (009) 616 () 0.17 0.6 (010) 553 () 0.1 (006) 184 (SSSB) 0.9 (008) 94 () 0.7 0.11 0.35 (008) 87 () 0.3 0.06 0.44 (006) 8 () 0.45 0.37 0.77 0.0 0.40 (005) 305 () 0.16 a (009) 61 () 0.41 b (009) 315 () 0.13 (008) 1784 () 0.34 0. (007) 948 () 0.8 0.11 0.44 (007) 77 Zuckerman ( ) 0.38 0.03 0.7 0.47 0.19 (010) 1310 () 0.3 0.06 0.44 a (004) 733 ( ) 0.0 0.05 0.15 0.11 0.1 b (004) 733 ( ) 0.0 0.01 0.16 0.18 0.1 c (004) 733 ( ) 0.10 0.04 0.08 0.09 0.16 (011) 30 () 0.7 0.11 0.36 a (007) 816 () 0.63 0.5 0.7 b (007) 816 () 0.3 0.11 0. c (007) 816 () 0.6 0.13 0.58 d (007) 816 () 0.13 0.0 0.4 e (007) 816 () 0.18 0.5 0.17 a (008) 17 () 0.63 0.7 b (008) 17 () 0.0 0.01 0.35 c (008) 17 () 0. 0.13 0.3 Rahmani (011) 179 sensation seeking scale -V 0.33 0.10 0.15 0.4 0.4 Lavin (1999) 34 sensation seeking scale -V 0.16 0.10 0.19 Lin (00) 753 sensation seeking Scale (Taiwan) 0.5 0.01 0.13 Shi (011) 979 Brief Sensation Seeking Scale 0.3 0.44 Velezmoro (010) 140 sensation seeking scale -V 0.09 0.09 Mesgarani (013) 19 sensation seeking scale -V 0.07 Ye (011) 73 sensation seeking scale -V 0.4 Li (010) 660 sensation seeking scale (Steinberg) 0.34 Kim (009) 317 Brief Sensation Seeking Scale 0.18, r total r TAS r ES r DIS r BS
10 : 175,, χ (chi-square test) Q (Borenstein et al., 009) Q Q = k w ( ) i 1 i Zri SE =, df = k 1, W i = n 3, Z ri i, SE Q,, (homogeneity) 3.3.3 模型选择,, (random effect model) (fixed effect model) (Hedges & Vevea, 1998) Q,, (Hedges & Vevea, 1998),,, (Borenstein et al., 009) * 1, * i = VY = V * i Y + T, 1 V =, Yi i n 3 W vy i Q df T =, wi C = C wi wi 3.3.4 计算平均效果量, (Borenstein et al., 009) k WZ i 1 i ri SE = = k W i = 1 i Fisher Z r, e (Borenstein et al., 009) r = e SE 1 SE + 1 3.3.5 选用工具 ES _ Calculator (Lipsey & Wilson, 001; Wilson, 010) t, F, χ r excel 007 R.15. metacor meta (Schwarzer, 013) 4 研究结果 4.1 感觉寻求与网络成瘾的效应值检验 4.1.1 异质性检验, Q BS,, Q,,, Higgins, Thompson, Deeks Altman (003) I-squared, Q (Card, 01; Higgins et al., 003; Huedo-Medina, Sánchez-Meca, Marín-Martínez, & Botella, 006) Higgins (003), I-squared 5%, 50% 75%,,, SSS, TAS, ES, DIS I-squared, Tau-squared, (Borenstein et al., 009),, Tau-squared (T ), (Borenstein et al., 009), SSS Tau-squared 0.051,.51%, 4.1. 主效应检验 3 Lipsey Wilson (001), r 0.10,, 0.10 < r < 0.40, r 0.40 表 感觉寻求与网络成瘾的异质性检验结果 Tau-squared Q df(q) I-squared Tau-squared H SSS 35 574.5 *** 34 94.10% 0.051 4.11 TAS 95.58 *** 1 78.00% 0.0059.13 ES 9 33.79 *** 8 76.30% 0.0071.06 DIS 4 988.31 *** 3 97.70% 0.0598 6.56 BS 8 4.06 7 0% 0.0001 1.00 * p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.01,
176 1,, 0.7,,, 1 (r = 0.35),, 4.1.3 调节效应检验结果, 4 4,, 3, (r = 0.84), (r = 0.09), 4, (r = 0.9) (r = 0.15), 5 5 总结与讨论 5.1 感觉寻求与网络成瘾的关系讨论 15, 4,, 1, Hittner Swickert (006), ( ), (monoamine oxidase, MAO)(Zuckerman & Kuhlman, 000),, (dopamine) (Norepinephrine) (, 007; Zuckerman, 007) (,, 004;,,, 01),,, (Hittner & Swickert, 006), 表 3 感觉寻求总分及各维度与网络成瘾的模型分析结果 N 0.95 Z SSS 35 574 0.7 0. 0.3 9.73 *** TAS 13631 0.09 0.05 0.13 4.70 *** ES 9 4355 0.18 0.1 0.5 5.41 *** DIS 4 1709 0.35 0.6 0.44 7.10 *** BS 8 3565 0.0 0.16 0.3 11.80 *** 表 4 感觉寻求总分与网络成瘾各因素调节效应检验 0.95 N Q df Z 16 191 0.30 0.1 0.39 6.17 *** -V 11 4405 0.1 0.14 0.7 6.16 *** 65.95 *** 3 3 1480 0.3 0.18 0.7 8.86 *** 5 3777 0.31 0.6 0.37 10.63 *** 5 16301 0.8 0.1 0.35 7.60 *** 11.00 *** 8 5165 0.8 0. 0.34 9.0 *** 1108 0.09 0.0 0.37 0.6 30 1467 0.9 0.4 0.35 9.74 *** 1.56 *** 1 5 1107 0.15 0.04 0.5.63 ** 0.84, 0.78
10 : 177,,, 5. 调节效应检验 5..1 测量工具,,, 3 Zuckerman,, (003) Zuckerman,,,,, (r = 0.1) (r = 0.3),, (003), ( ),,, 5.. 被试人群,,,, 4 (Zuckerman, 007),,,,, 0 (, 007) Lynne- Landsman (011),,,, Lynne- Landsman (011) (aggression) (delinquency) (substance use),,, Zuckerman (007),,,,,, Young, Yue Ying (011),,,,,,,, 5..3 文化差异,,, 5 Zuckerman (007),, McCrae (004), (characteristic adaptations),,, Chou (005) Lavin, Marvin, Mclarney, Nola Scott (1999) Lin (00),,,,,, Young (011),,,, ;, (fun-seeking),,,, (),
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