DOH92-DC-1001 The Related Factors of Community Residents Participation in Breeding Source Reduction of Dengue Vectors An example in Chiching District, Kaohsiung City 1 1 92 92 12 31
1 3 4 4 5 9 10 11 13 15 18 19 19 22 23 25 31 34 34 37 39
42 54 84 88 92 93 95 96 100
12 3-1 16 3-2 17 3-3 20 4-1 55 4-2 56 4-3 58 4-4 59 4-5 60 4-6 61 4-7 63 4-8 64 4-9 64 4-10 65 4-11 67 4-12 68 4-13 70 4-14 71 4-15 73 4-16 74 4-17 75 4-18 75 4-19 76 4-20 77 4-21 78 4-22 79 4-23 80 4-24 81 4-25 82 4-26 83 4-27 83 4-28 83
Cross-sectional (methodological triangulation) 15 300 67 33 100 SPSS/PC for Windows 10.07 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8.
Abstract The prevalence of Dengue in Taiwan has grown dramatically in recent decades, especially in tropical Kaohsiung and Pintung area this year. For the prevention of possible epidemics, community residents active participation is crucial. The purpose of the study is to explore community residents dengue knowledge, prevention attitude as well as their behavioral related factors. Furthermore, what preventive strategies are effective from community natives points of view will be derived. The cross-sectional study designed to examine the influencing factors of community residents participation in breeding source reduction of Dengue vectors. There are two parts in the study by adopting the methodological triangulation for obtaining both qualitative and quantitative data. In the first qualitative data part, two focus groups were conducted. Fifteen community residents and the other fifteen key persons participated in the three times group discussions. All the discussions were audio-recorded and the content analysis was used to induct the data. In the second quantitative data part, a random sample of 300 adult residents (first group) and a purposive sample of 100 key persons (second group) in the Chiching district were recruited and interviewed with structured questionnaire. All the quantitative data for the study were analyzed by applying the SPSS (10.07) software. The results reveal that: 1. More than 80% of the all subjects knew about the transmission mode and symptoms of Dengue fever (DF), yet less than 50% knew the DF related to repeated infection, the breeding sites of mosquito larvae, and the Aedes aegypti s habitual biting time. 2. The knowledge of DF positively related to educational level but negatively to age. 3. The score for cleaning activities of indoor breeding sites is significantly higher than that of cleaning activities of outdoor breeding sites. 4. Educational level and attitude for dengue prevention are the most significant factors related to knowledge for dengue prevention. 5. Generally speaking, for both community residents and key persons, the attitude and knowledge for Dengue prevention are interrelated. Attitude affect knowledge learning and the more knowledge they have, the more positive attitude they hold. 6. The infection history of significant others and attitude for Dengue prevention are highly correlated to the cleaning activities of breeding sites. 7. There are quite different related factors among behaviors of preventive activities of mosquito breeding, cleaning activities of indoor breeding sites and cleaning activities of outdoor breeding sites. knowledge for Dengue prevention 7
is correlated to preventive activities of mosquito breeding. The infection history of significant others is correlated to cleaning activities of indoor breeding sites. Attitude for Dengue prevention is correlated to cleaning activities of outdoor breeding sites. 8. People with public trust or passion about public affairs are the key persons to help community to clean out the mosquito breeding sites. The results of focus group implicated that to overcome the low priority accorded dengue prevention, the dengue preventive educational program should focus on communal participation and internalize the social and cultural factors of the target community. The results of this study can not only improve the understanding of community residents behaviors about Dengue Fever s prevention. Moreover, the findings will provide the baseline data for government in designing the health policy for the specific health problem. Key words community residents, dengue fever, behavioral related factors, focus group, communal participation 8
World Health OrganizationWHO 2003 25 25 50 25 25 2003 2002 191519311942 1981 1987 527 1988 1989 4405 1991 1994 2001 5336 242 21 9
2003 1998 110 <1% 1550% 2002 ( ) 10
199619971998 1. 2. 3. 4. / 91 1998 90 80.72 11
1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 12
1998 Jacobs2000 & 1996 2000 Jacobs2000 2002 2000 1998 & 1996 Koopman et al.1991 1998 1998 Koopman et al.1991 57 amplifier 1998 Nam et al.2000koopman et al.1991 1990 2000 1998 13
Degallier et al.2000 Degallier Swaddiwudhipong 1992 90 Gupta et al.1998 Swaddiwudhipong et al.1992 Thomas2000 1998 1998 Swaddiwudhipong et al.1992 1998 1998 14
1998 1998 kay1994 1995 1998 1998 15
Cross-sectional (methodological triangulation) (focus group) (structured questionnaire) -- (focus group) (structured questionnaire) 16
(focus group) (focus group) (group depth interviews) focus group (moderator) (Stewart & Shamdasani, 1990) (qualitative data) 8-12 (Stewart & Shamdasani, 1990) 15 15 1.5 2.5 (Stewart & Shamdasani, 1990) 2-3 (content analysis) 17
(structured questionnaire) (1) (2) 30 10 3 1998 (4) (5) 6 3 (wording) (clarity) (face validity) (relevancy) (appropriateness) 4 (4 ) (1 ) (4 ) (1 ) 2 15-20 (test-retest reliability) (stability)cronbach s alpha (internal consistency) 18
Becker1974 Health Belief Model Duckett1998 Duckett1998 Behavior Based Model for Breastfeeding Health Belief Model (perception) Ducket1998 Health Belief Model 19
1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 20
1. 15 / 48 11 8 33 8 3 2 2 15 2. 2001 10,830 random smpling 300 1. 18 2. 3. 4. key person 21
/ / / 22
1. 3-1 3-2 20 2. 300 100 23
3-1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1. 2. / 3. 4. 5. 6. 24
3-2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1. 2. 3. 4. SARS 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 25
26
themes SPSS for Windows 10.07 27
-1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4-1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5-1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6-1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 / 6 7 8 9 10 11 28
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 / 9 10 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 /1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 / 4 29
() Descriptive Analysis 1. 2. () Inferential Analysis 1. Pearson s correlation ψ Phi coefficient Contingency coefficientcramer s V Spearman Pearson 2. (Analysis of Variance) t t-test χ 2 One-Way ANOVA 3. (Multiple Regression Analysis) 30
4-1 13 / 46.3 10 76.9 53.8 7 7 53.8 2 15.4 13 3 23.1 10 76.9 14 51.1 9 76.9 6 42.9 5 35.7 5 35.7 2 14.3 14 6 42.9 3 21.4 90 31
/ 32
-- 1. 60 60 33
2. 孒 34
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 3. 35
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. -- 36
/ 1. 2. 3. 37
2. 3. 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 38
300 100 4-1 400 46.98 36-65 63.8 255 57.3vs. 42.8 308 77.0 118 29.5 / 100 25.0 280 70.0 () 234 58.5 123 30.8 147 36.8 122 30.5 280 70.0 67.0 268 105 26.3 1 43 10.8 3 126 31.5 113 28.3 58 14.6 42 10.6 1. 300 46.96 46-55 68 22.7 36-45 58 19.3 56-65 53 39
17.7 59.3vs. 40.7 231 77.0 103 34.3 /70 23.3 57 19.0 232 77.3 () 185 61.7 86 28.7 121 40.3 78 26.0 44 14.7 230 76.7 66.7 200 83 27.7 1 30 10 3 88 29.3 1/4 75 25.0 46 15.3 26 8.6 2. 100 47.04 46-55 36 36 49.0vs. 51.0 77 77.0 66 66 48 48.0 () 22 22.0 49 49.0 37 37.0 44 44.0 26 26.0 50 50.0 40
68.0 22 22.0 13 13 4 38 38 38 38.0 16 16.0 15 15.0 41
. 1. 4-3 400 359 89.8 18.3 73 37.3 149 326 81.5 55.3 221 58.5 234 40.5 48.5 194 / 44.8 179 66.0 264 58.3 233 88.0 352 4-6 12 6.61 p.01 4.82 6.46 9.93 8.14 42
5.67 9.04 vs.6.22 7.52 vs.6.21 p.01 4-4 87.3 76.3 46.7 140 29.7 89 51.0 153 48.3 483 56.0 168 / 37.7 113 59.0 177 85.0 255 70.0 210 36.3 109 8.7 26 5.76 12 43
p.01 4-5 100 97.0 81.0 89.0 73.0 80.0 66.0 87.0 97.0 97.3 40.0 47.0 9.18 p.05 44
. 11 4-7 3 M4.51SD0.52 M4.49SD0.58 M4.37 SD0.52 M3.29SD1.02 M3.41SD1.14 M3.65SD0.82 4-8 4-9 3 M3.19SD 45
1.09 M3.15SD0.94 M3.63SD0.99 4-10 3.98 p.05 3.91 4.21 t-test p.05 46
. 4-11 25.8 103 83.5 86 38.0 152 81.6 124 15.3 61 59.0 36 43.5 174 56.9 99 3.3 13 69.2 9 54.8 74 71.7 114 45.5 5 13.7 44 4-12 20.7 62 41.0 36.7 110 42.0 13.0 41.0 0.7vs.22.0 51.0 11.0 31.0-34.7 47
36.0-41.0 2.0-5.0 75.0-82.3 78.0-87.1 56.4-100 33.3-72.4 12.0-14.1 4-13 6.6 2.3 4.3 64.3 14.8 49.5 52.8 16.5 36.3 17.0vs.5.0 66.0vs.59.0 53.7vs.50.0 4-14 4.47 48
p.05 4.44 4.54 t-test 46-55 p.05 49
. 1. 4-15 r0.106-0.605 p.05 r0.166-0.453 p.05 r0.105-0.191 p.05 r0.126-0.525 p.05 r 0.201-0.350 p.05 r 0.113-0.157 p.05 r0.284-0.483 r0.214-0.365 r0.202-0.236 p.05 50
2. 4-15 4-16 p.05 51
p.05 p.05 4-17 p.05 p.05 p.05 52
4-18 p.05 p.05 p.05 3. 4-19 Y X 53
398 46.4 adj. R 2 46.4 299 36.7adj. R 2 36.7 99 36.0adj. R 2 36.0 p.01 1 -- 0.901 1.862 2.632 1 0.185 2 -- 1.283 1.503 1.635 1.159 54
0.566 1 0.168 3 -- 2.024 1.229 1 0.120 4. 4-20 Y X 398 24.9 adj. R 2 24.9 p.01 299 22.4adj. R 2 22.4 p.01 99 55
11.2adj. R 2 11.2 p.05 1 -- 0.059 2.882 1.902 1.635 1 0.621 1 0.106 2 -- 1 0.085 1.005 1.448 3.176 56
2.462 1.824 1.587 1.354 2.063 1.472 1 0.547 1 0.123 5. 4-214-224-234-244-25 Y X I 4-21 398 7.5adj. R 2 7.5 p.01 299 9.4adj. R 2 9.4 p.01 99-1.6adj. R 2-1.6 p.05 57
1 -- 2.975 1.465 1.030 1 0.137 2 -- 1 0.067 2.863 3.852 9.509 4.797 13.582 4.443 58
1.429 1 0.156 II 4-22 398 8.9adj. R 2 8.9 p.01 299 11.5adj. R 2 11.5 p.01 99 6.9adj. R 2 6.9 p.05 III 4-23 398 8.9adj. R 2 8.9 p.01 299 2.0adj. R 2 2.0 p.05 99 5.9adj. R 2 5.9 p.05 59
IV 4-24 398 10.3adj. R 2 10.3 p.01 299 13.5adj. R 2 13.5 p.01 99 7.8adj. R 2 7.8 p.05 V 4-25 398 4.2adj. R 2 4.2 p.05 299 3.8adj. R 2 3.8 p.05 60
99 5.1adj. R 2 5.1 p.05 61
. 4-26 28.0 112 24.3 97 4-27 79.3 317 70.3 281 / 51.3 205 59.3 237 4-28 50.8 203 4-29 34.5 138 16.0 64 8.5 34 3.5 14 3.0 12 62
4-1 M±SD M±SD 13 46.31±8.83 14 51.14±19.03 3 23.1 5 35.7 10 76.9 9 64.2 0 0 1 7.1 1 7.7 5 35.7 0 0 2 14.3 5 38.5 6 42.9 7 53.8 0 0 7 53.8 1 7.1 2 15.4 0 0 1 7.7 1 7.1 1 7.7 2 14.3 0 0 2 14.3 0 0 1 7.1 0 0 2 14.3 2 15.4 5 35.7 3 23.1 6 42.9 10 76.9 8 57.1 10 76.9 3 21.4 3 23.1 11 78.6 63
4-2 300 289 96.3 100 99 99.0 400 388 97.0 18-25 21 7.0 4 4.0 25 6.3 26-35 47 15.7 12 12.0 59 14.8 36-45 58 19.3 24 24.0 82 20.5 46-55 68 22.7 36 36.0 104 26.0 56-65 53 17.7 16 16.0 69 17.3 66-75 32 10.7 7 7.0 39 9.8 75 10 3.3 0 0 10 2.5 300 300 100 100 100 100 400 400 100 122 59.3 49 49.0 171 42.8 178 40.7 51 51.0 229 57.3 300 300 100 100 100 100 400 400 100 231 77.0 77 77.0 308 77.0 49 16.3 16 16.0 65 16.3 1 0.3 1 1.0 2 0.5 0 0 1 1.0 1 0.3 17 5.7 5 5.0 22 5.5 2 0.7 0 0 2 0.5 300 300 100 100 100 100 400 400 100 57 19.0 6 6.0 63 15.8 103 34.3 15 15.0 118 29.5 54 18.0 13 13.0 67 16.8 70 23.3 30 30.0 100 25.0 9 3.0 18 18.0 27 6.8 7 2.3 17 17.0 24 6.0 0 0 1 1.0 1 0.3 300 300 100 100 100 100 400 400 100 11 3.7 18 18.0 29 7.3 232 77.3 48 48.0 280 70.0 1 0.3 1 1.0 2 0.5 47 15.7 6 6.0 53 13.3 1 0.3 22 22.0 23 5.8 8 2.7 5 5.0 13 3.3 300 300 100 100 100 100 400 400 100 86 28.7 37 37.0 123 30.8 29 9.7 14 14.0 43 10.8 185 61.7 49 49.0 234 58.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 64
4-2 300 300 100 100 100 100 400 400 100 10 3.3 6 6.0 16 4.0 27 9.0 5 5.0 32 8.0 78 26.0 44 44.0 122 30.5 16 5.3 7 7.0 23 5.8 121 40.3 26 26.0 147 36.8 44 14.7 12 12.0 56 14.0 4 1.3 0 0 4 1.0 300 300 100 100 100 100 400 400 100 16 5.3 17 17.0 33 8.3 7 2.3 20 20.0 27 6.8 230 76.7 50 50.0 280 70.0 47 15.7 13 13.0 60 15.0 300 300 100 100 100 100 400 400 100 200 66.7 68 68.0 268 67.0 83 27.7 22 22.0 105 26.3 17 5.7 10 10.0 27 6.8 300 300 100 100 100 100 400 400 100 30 10.0 13 13.0 43 10.8 270 90.0 87 87.0 357 89.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 300 100 100 100 100 400 400 100 88 29.3 38 38.0 126 31.5 184 61.3 54 54.0 238 59.5 28 9.3 8 8.0 36 9.0 300 299 99.7 100 100 100 400 399 99.8 75 25.0 38 38.0 113 28.3 46 15.3 12 12.0 58 14.6 26 8.6 16 16.0 42 10.6 / 13 4.3 15 15.0 9 7.1 2 0.7 1 1.0 4 1.0 224 74.7 62 62.0 286 71.5 65
4-3 1. 35989.8 92.3 328.0 2. 32681.5 102.5 6416.0 3. 379.3 22155.3 14235.5 4. 5112.8 16240.5 18746.8 5. 23358.3 6817.0 9924.8 6. 23458.5 82.0 15839.5 7. / 19448.571.8 17944.8205.0 8. / / 10325.826466.0 164.0174.3 9. 18646.5256.3 9223.09724.3 10. 21553.814937.3 20.5348.5 11. 20.5 102.5 35288.0369.0 12. 235.87318.3 25463.55012.5 66
4-4 1. 2. 26287.3 82.7 3010.0 22976.3 93.0 6220.7 3. 4. 279.0 14046.7 13344.3 3612.0 8929.7 17558.3 5. 15351.0 5618.7 9130.3 6. 14548.3 72.3 14849.3 7. / 16856.062.0 11337.7134.3 8. / / 9331.017759.0 155.0155.0 9. 16254.0186.0 3010.09030.0 10. 17157.010936.3 10.3196.3 11. 20.7 82.7 25585.03511.7 12. 113.7 268.7 23277.33110.3 67
4-5 1. 9797.0 11.0 22.0 2. 9797.0 11.0 22.0 3. 1010.0 8181.0 99.0 4. 1515.0 7373.0 1212.0 5. 8080.0 1212.0 88.0 6. 8989.0 11.0 1010.0 7. / 2626.0 11.0 6666.077.0 8. / / 1010.08787.0 11.022.0 9. 2424.0 77.0 6262.077.0 10. 4444.04040.0 11.01515.0 11. 00.0 22.0 9797.011.0 12. 1212.04747.0 2222.01919.0 68
4-6 t-test 5.76 9.18 p.01 6.61 18-25 7.31** 9.75* p.05 7.58** 26-35 7.13 10.00 p.01 7.71 36-45 6.40 9.04 p.01 7.17 46-55 5.06 9.72 p.01 6.67 56-65 4.85 8.19 p.01 5.62 66-75 4.59 7.43 p.01 5.10 75 4.00 -- -- 4.00 5.94 9.02 p.01 6.82 5.63 9.29 p.01 6.45 5.57** 9.13 p.01 6.46** 7.31 9.81 p.01 7.92 5.00 8.00 -- 6.50 4.00 10.00 -- 10.00 5.00 7.60 p.01 4.82 5.76 -- -- 5.00 3.91** 7.33** 4.24** 5.02 8.00 p.01 5.40 6.69 7.85 6.91 7.06 9.30 p.01 7.73 8.00 10.33 p.05 9.56 8.71 10.18 p.05 9.75 -- 12.00 -- 12.00 8.82** 10.61** p.01 9.93** 5.46 8.67 p.01 6.01 8.00 10.00 -- 9.00 6.04 8.50 p.01 6.32 7.00 9.50 -- 9.39 8.13 7.80 8.00 4.38** 8.68 p.01 5.67** 7.52 9.43 p.01 8.14 6.12 9.45 p.01 6.82 -- -- -- -- 69
4-6 t-test 3.90** 9.17 p.01 5.88** 5.59 9.60 p.01 6.22 5.67 9.39 p.01 7.01 4.69 9.00 p.01 6.00 5.76 8.27 p.01 6.20 6.91 10.17 p.01 7.61 5.00 -- -- 5.00 6.25 10.00** p.01 8.18** 5.43 10.30 p.01 9.04 5.75 8.70 p.01 6.28 5.70 8.08 p.01 6.22 5.56 9.18 p.01 6.48 6.06 9.36 p.01 6.75 6.65 8.60 7.37 5.90 9.46 p.01 6.98 5.74 9.11 p.01 6.57 -- -- -- 6.57** 9.74 p.01 7.52** 5.43 8.85 p.01 6.21 5.39 8.50 p.05 6.08 6.15 9.37 p.01 7.23** 6.87 9.03 p.01 7.29 5.73 9.44 p.01 7.14 / 6.54 10.40 p.01 8.61 5.50 8.33 p.01 7.20 5.61 9.03 p.01 6.35 * t-test one-wayanova 0.05 0.05 ** t-test one-wayanova 0.01 0.01 70
4-7 N400 3 5 4.51 0.52 1 1 5 4.49 0.58 2 2 5 4.37 0.52 3 1 5 4.22 0.88 4 2 5 4.22 0.87 5 1 5 4.04 0.80 6 1 5 3.88 0.80 7 1 5 3.72 0.88 8 1 5 3.65 0.82 9 1 5 3.41 1.14 10 1 5 3.29 1.02 11 71
4-8 N300 2 5 4.42 0.51 1 3 5 4.41 0.51 2 2 5 4.31 0.52 3 1 5 4.16 0.87 4 2 5 4.16 0.87 5 1 5 3.96 0.70 6 1 5 3.90 0.77 7 1 5 3.68 0.82 8 1 5 3.65 0.80 9 1 5 3.19 1.09 10 1 5 3.15 0.94 11 4-9 N100 4 5 4.81 0.39 1 1 5 4.72 0.68 2 4 5 4.52 0.50 3 1 5 4.46 0.76 4 2 5 4.41 0.85 5 2 5 4.40 0.90 6 1 5 4.04 1.05 7 1 5 3.85 1.04 8 1 5 3.70 1.12 9 1 5 3.67 0.88 10 2 5 3.63 0.99 11 72
4-10 t-test 3.91 4.21 p.01 3.98 18-25 3.89 4.27 3.93 26-35 4.00 4.16 4.03 36-45 3.93 4.25 p.01 4.02 46-55 3.91 4.30 p.01 4.04 56-65 3.84 3.99 3.87 66-75 3.90 4.13 p.01 3.94 75 3.87 -- -- 3.87 3.89 4.23 p.01 3.99 3.92 4.17 p.01 3.98 3.90 4.19 p.01 3.98 3.92 4.23 p.01 3.99 4.27 4.45 4.36 3.91 5.00 5.00 4.18 4.00 3.93 3.91 -- -- 4.18 3.74** 3.98 3.77** 3.90 4.00 3.91 4.03 4.35 p.01 4.09 3.96 4.17 p.01 4.02 3.86 4.29 p.05 4.15 4.12 4.27 4.22 -- 4.82 -- 4.82 3.96 4.36 p.05 4.21** 3.91 4.14 p.01 3.95 4.55 4.09 4.32 3.87 4.32 p.01 3.92 4.00 4.11 4.11 3.81 4.49 p.01 4.07 3.76** 4.13 p.01 3.87** 4.01 4.27 4.10 3.97 4.24 p.01 4.02 -- -- -- -- 73
4-10 t-test 3.75 4.14 p.05 3.89 3.82 4.31 p.05 3.90 3.96 4.15 p.01 4.03 3.91 4.21 4.00 3.91 4.23 p.01 3.97 3.92 4.30 p.01 4.00 3.80 -- -- 3.80 4.07 4.35 p.05 4.21** 3.83 4.27 p.05 4.16 3.90 4.15 p.01 3.94 3.92 4.10 3.96 3.93 4.20 p.01 4.00 3.85 4.26 p.01 3.93 3.99 4.08 4.03 3.79 4.25 p.01 3.93 3.92 4.19 p.01 3.99 -- -- -- 3.91 4.18 p.01 4.03 3.92 4.28 p.01 3.97 3.90 3.94 3.91 3.90 4.23 p.01 4.01 3.96 4.18 p.01 4.01 3.86 4.28 p.01 4.02 / 4.10 4.43 p.01 4.28 3.41 3.94 p.01 4.00 3.91 4.18 p.01 3.97 * t-test one-wayanova 0.05 0.05 ** t-test one-wayanova 0.01 0.01 74
4-11 n400 103 25.8 46 44.7 1 2.2 86 83.5 4 3.9 2 1.9 8 7.8 2 1.9 1 1.0 152 38.0 13 8.6 0 0.0 124 81.6 10 6.6 3 2.0 11 7.2 4 2.6 0 0 61 15.3 30 49.2 0 0.0 36 59.0 6 9.8 1 1.6 13 21.3 5 8.2 0 0.0 174 43.5 87 50.0 1 1.5 99 56.9 28 16.1 8 4.6 28 16.1 10 5.7 1 0.6 13 3.3 1 7.7 0 0.0 9 69.2 0 0.0 1 7.7 2 15.4 1 7.7 0 0.0 135 33.8 64 47.4 2 1.5 74 54.8 13 9.6 1 0.7 31 23.0 12 8.9 4 3.0 159 39.8 26 16.4 0 0.0 114 71.7 15 9.4 3 1.9 21 13.2 5 3.1 1 0.6 11 2.8 2 18.1 1 50.0 5 45.5 0 0.0 1 9.0 4 36.4 0 0.0 1 9.0 322 80.5 234 72.7 6 2.6 44 13.7 45 14.0 10 3.1 152 47.2 60 18.6 11 3.4 75
4-12 n300 n100 62 20.7 33 53.2 1 3.0 41 41.0 13 31.7 0 0.0 110 36.7 10 9.1 0 0.0 42 42.0 3 7.1 0 0.0 39 13.0 26 66.7 0 0.0 22 22.0 4 18.2 0 0.0 123 41.0 70 56.9 1 1.4 51 51.0 17 33.3 0 0.0 2 0.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 11 11.0 1 9.1 0 0.0 104 34.7 53 51.0 0 0.0 31 31.0 11 35.5 2 18.2 123 41.0 22 17.9 0 0.0 36 36.0 4 11.1 0 0.0 6 2.0 1 16.7 0 0.0 5 5.0 1 20.0 1 100.0 247 82.3 187 75.7 3 1.6 75 75.0 47 62.7 3 6.4 76
4-12 n300 n100 54 87.1 1 1.6 1 1.6 4 6.5 1 1.6 1 1.6 32 78.0 3 7.3 1 2.4 4 9.8 1 2.4 0 0.0 90 81.8 6 5.5 2 1.8 8 7.3 4 3.6 0 0.0 34 81.0 4 9.5 1 2.4 3 7.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 22 56.4 3 7.7 0 0.0 11 28.2 3 7.7 0 0.0 14 63.6 3 13.6 1 4.5 2 9.1 2 9.1 0 0.0 69 56.1 23 18.7 6 4.9 21 17.1 3 2.4 1 30 58.8 5 9.8 2 3.9 7 13.7 7 13.7 0 0.0 2 100 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 63.6 0 0.0 1 9.1 2 18.2 1 9.1 0 0.0 55 52.9 9 8.7 1 1.0 25 24.0 13 12.5 1 0.8 19 61.3 4 12.9 0 0.0 6 19.4 0 0.0 2 6.5 89 72.4 11 8.9 1 0.8 18 14.6 4 3.3 0 0.0 25 69.4 4 11.1 2 5.6 3 8.3 1 2.8 1 2.8 2 33.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 50.0 1 16.7 0 0.0 3 60.0 1 20.0 0 0.0 1 20.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 35 14.1 38 15.4 4 1.6 137 55.5 24 9.7 9 3.6 9 12.0 7 9.3 6 8.0 15 20.0 36 48.0 2 2.7 77
4-13 n400 231 57.8 124 31.0 2 0.5 5 1.3 9 2.3 17 4.3 12 3.0 126 31.5 5 1.3 2 0.5 10 2.5 59 14.8 198 49.5 0 0.0 146 36.5 23 5.8 7 1.8 13 3.3 66 16.5 145 36.3 0 0.0 n300 n100 149 49.7 117 39.0 2 0.7 5 1.7 8 2.7 7 2.3 12 4.0 82 82.0 7 7.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 7.0 10 10.0 0 0.0 90 30.0 2 0.7 1 0.3 9 3.0 53 17.7 145 48.3 0 0.0 36 36.0 3 3.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 6 6.0 53 53.0 0 0.0 106 35.3 16 5.3 6 2.0 11 3.7 60 20.0 101 33.7 0 0.0 40 40.0 7 7.0 1 1.0 2 2.0 6 6.0 44 44.0 0 0.0 78
4-14 t-test 4.44 4.54 4.47 18-25 4.50 4.62 4.51 26-35 4.49 4.44 4.48 36-45 4.45 4.46 4.46 46-55 4.44 4.66.01 4.52 56-65 4.41 4.56 4.45 66-75 4.38 4.40 4.38 75 4.38 -- -- 4.38 4.44 4.49 4.45 4.45 4.59.05 4.48 4.45 4.53 4.47 4.39 4.58 4.44 4.58 4.50 4.54 -- 5.00 -- 5.00 4.45 4.55 4.47 4.50 -- -- 4.50 4.35 4.59 4.34 4.46 4.41 4.50 4.45 4.53 4.43 4.51 4.50 4.47 4.32 4.72 4.47 4.36 4.55 4.52 -- 4.25 -- 4.91 4.34** 4.52 4.46 4.44 4.55 4.48 4.91 4.33 4.41 4.52 4.50 4.47 5.00 4.54 4.50 4.10 4.61 4.21 4.39 4.43 4.40* 4.43 4.69.05 4.51 4.47 4.58 4.50 -- -- -- -- 79
4-14 t-test 4.21 4.22 4.21 4.44 4.65 4.47 4.44 4.52 4.47 4.42 4.66.05 4.50 4.47 4.52 4.48 4.42 4.71.05 4.48 4.79 -- -- 4.79 4.38 4.64 4.51* 4.70 4.64 4.65 4.45 4.52 4.46 4.42 4.34 4.40 4.46 4.59.05 4.49 4.42 4.45 4.43 4.36 4.39 4.37 4.40 4.53 4.44 4.45 4.54 4.47 -- -- -- -- 4.37* 4.52 4.42* 4.49 4.57 4.51 4.37 4.43 4.38 4.41 4.44 4.42 4.40 4.15 4.35 4.44 4.34 4.41 / 4.33 4.66.05 4.51 4.04 4.25 4.16 4.46 4.60.01 4.49 * t-test one-wayanova 0.05 0.05 ** t-test one-wayanova 0.01 0.01 80
4-15 1 0.057 1 0.061-0.023 1-0.613** 0.149** -0.056 1-0.040 0.139** -0.021 0.132** 1-0.372** -0.025-0.006 0.325** 0.008 1-0.308** 0.033 0.082 0.178** 0.035 0.076 1 0.037-0.089 0.030-0.227** -0.073-0.048-0.014 1-0.060-0.091 0.058-0.004 0.071-0.087 0.010 0.217** -0.022-0.023-0.010 0.009-0.010 0.027-0.023-0.027-0.057-0.044 0.007 0.091 0.019-0.055-0.120* -0.003 0.103* 0.002 0.010-0.192** -0.160* -0.098 0.047 0.086-0.341** 0.067-0.070 0.605** 0.108* 0.163** 0.028-0.235** -0.069 0.019 0.017 0.311** 0.006 0.166** 0.007-0.188** -0.080-0.032 0.004 0.116* 0.018 0.113* 0.091-0.110* 1-0.054 1 0.102* 0.206** 1-0.091-0.051-0.002 1 0.082 0.046 0.106* -0.143** 1-0.028-0.046 0.009-0.052 0.453* 1-0.105* -0.026-0.128* 0.085 0.139* 0.191** 1 1 0.045 1 0.048-0.042 1-0.717** 0.142* -0.025 1-0.034 0.101-0.033 0.106 1-0.416** 0.036 0.031 0.418** 0.029 1-0.307** 0.058 0.120* 0.265** 0.045 0.081 1 0.018-0.014 0.003-0.009-0.060-0.040-0.051 1-0.056-0.041 0.042 0.023 0.152* -0.111-0.020 0.143* -0.042-0.005 0.001-0.029 0.001 0.064 0.032-0.014-0.068-0.078 0.035 0.105-0.031-0.026-0.105-0.071 0.086-0.026 0.008-0.152** -0.194* -0.064 0.029 0.019-0.428** 0.062-0.070 0.525** 0.103 0.283** 0.158** -0.035-0.067-0.036 0.034 0.201** -0.058 0.243** 0.035-0.064-0.116* -0.011-0.011 0.073-0.008 0.113* 0.088-0.014 1-0.051 1 0.101 0.178** 1-0.139* -0.038 0.022 1 0.126* 0.019 0.104-0.096 1-0.034-0.109 0.008 0.008 0.350* 1-0.078-0.039-0.152** 0.063 0.047 0.157** 1 73
4-15 1 0.106 1 0.123 0.040 1-0.571** 0.107-0.144 1-0.069 0.192 0.005 0.041 1-0.217* -0.171-0.124 0.356** 0.016 1-0.337** -0.003-0.046 0.219* 0.082 0.013 1 0.107-0.194 0.089-0.369** -0.005-0.155-0.048 1-0.081-0.228* 0.106-0.096-0.066-0.017 0.101 0.396** 0.049-0.081-0.041 0.036-0.047-0.050-0.155-0.022-0.012 0.048-0.084 0.024 0.100-0.127-0.150 0.173 0.176 0.108 0.012-0.170-0.067-0.234* 0.040 0.122-0.284** -0.066-0.103 0.483** -0.115 0.168-0.048-0.344** -0.108 0.081-0.018 0.234* -0.026 0.126 0.100-0.214* 0.032-0.112 0.047 0.088 0.015 0.155 0.157-0.202* 1-0.065 1 0.101 0.278** 1 0.030-0.065-0.048 1-0.049 0.056 0.086-0.079 1-0.044 0.050-0.037-0.062 0.365* 1-0.175-0.012-0.090 0.179 0.236* 0.182 1 4-16 r Adj.R 2 F r Adj.R 2 F r Adj.R 2 F 0.428 0.180 66.753** 0.284 0.071 8.511** 0.341 0.114 52.17** 0.062 0.000 1.132 0.066-0.006 0.429 0.067 0.002 1.768 0.313 0.092 16.088** 0.195 0.018 1.914 0.238 0.052 11.954** 0.525 0.268 37.458** 0.468 0.194 8.959** 0.573 0.323 64.585** 0.314 0.083 6.428** 0.388 0.105 3.335** 0.453 0.196 20.397** 0.391 0.147 26.785** 0.179 0.012 1.608 0.265 0.066 15.008** 0.026-0.006 0.098 0.258 0.048 3.473* 0.120 0.009 2.883 0.051-0.007 0.262 0.385 0.122 5.585** 0.301 0.084 13.130** 0.126 0.009 2.402 0.097-0.011 0.464 0.085 0.002 1.443 0.019-0.003 0.107 0.056-0.007 0.311 0.046 0.000 0.831 0.212 0.038 6.979** 0.222 0.030 2.526 0.223 0.045 10.349** 0.096 0.006 2.746 0.079-0.004 0.611 0.143 0.018 8.235** 0.350 0.120 41.736** 0.365 0.124 15.019** 0.453 0.203 102.72** 0.047-0.001 0.647 0.236 0.046 5.772* 0.127 0.014 6.496 82
4-17 r Adj.R 2 F r Adj.R 2 F r Adj.R 2 F 0.067 0.001 1.341 0.108 0.001 1.136 0.069 0.002 1.925 0.036-0.002 0.397 0.081-0.004 0.654 0.019-0.002 0.146 0.036-0.005 0.189 0.030-0.020 0.044 0.030-0.004 0.181 0.253 0.055 6.772** 0.284 0.052 2.801* 0.307 0.087 13.726** 0.122-0.002 0.893 0.290 0.035 1.726 0.204 0.030 3.429** 0.271 0.067 11.795** 0.149 0.002 1.108 0.204 0.037 8.630** 0.093 0.002 1.307 0.113-0.008 0.624 0.080 0.001 1.265 0.113 0.003 1.281 0.218 0.018 1.592 0.224 0.043 6.988** 0.113 0.006 1.937 0.116-0.007 0.657 0.077 0.001 1.182 0.109 0.009 3.590 0.050-0.008 0.243 0.046 0.000 0.849 0.020-0.006 0.058 0.229 0.033 2.688 0.092 0.004 1.704 0.008-0.003 0.020 0.062-0.006 0.374 0.052 0.000 1.058 0.350 0.120 41.736** 0.365 0.124 15.019** 0.453 0.203 102.72** 0.157 0.022 7.572** 0.182** 0.023 3.372 0.191 0.034 15.112** 4-18 r Adj.R 2 F r 2 Adj.R F r Adj.R 2 F 0.116 0.010 4.033* 0.032-0.009 0.103 0.080 0.004 2.539 0.011-0.003 0.034 0.112 0.003 1.250 0.032-0.001 0.408-0.003 0.063 0.597 0.058-0.017 0.165 0.038-0.004 0.288 0.135 0.008 1.835 0.130-0.014 0.549 0.131 0.010 2.303 0.226 0.035 3.158** 0.073-0.048 0.101 0.118 0.001 1.108 0.113 0.006 1.936 0.215 0.027 2.356 0.125 0.011 3.171* 0.067-0.002 0.669 0.074-0.015 0.267 0.026-0.004 0.131 0.125 0.006 1.569 0.220 0.019 1.633 0.152 0.016 3.137* 0.079 0.000 0.927 0.178 0.012 1.578 0.105 0.006 2.229 0.039-0.002 0.459 0.012-0.010 0.015 0.026-0.002 0.264 0.165 0.021 4.139* 0.092-0.012 0.413 0.131 0.012 3.482* 0.063 0.001 1.197 0.179 0.022 3.254 0.085 0.005 2.886 0.047-0.001 0.647 0.236 0.046 5.772** 0.139 0.017 7.818** 0.157 0.022 7.572** 0.182 0.023 3.372 0.191 0.034 15.130** 83
4-19 p.01.01.01 Adj. R 2 % 36.7 36.0 46.4 299 99 398 5.74 9.18 6.60 2.45 2.08 2.79 B Beta B Beta B Beta -0.489-0.970-3.500-0.015-0.106-0.010-0.060-0.002-0.015 0.177 0.036-0.300-0.072 0.018 0.003 0.804 0.138 1.268 0.259 0.714 0.108 0.899 0.135 0.372 0.066 0.723 0.095 0.412 0.080 0.672 0.113 0.901* 0.147* 1.283* 0.202* -0.129-0.021 1.862** 0.250** 1.503** 0.277** 1.439 0.327 2.632** 0.458** 0.324 0.025 1.557 0.290 0.978 0.091-1.635* -0.279* 1.311 0.316-0.798-0.131-1.219-0.029 1.719 0.083 0.198 0.005-1.471-0.217 0.947 0.109-0.885-0.107-1.987-0.047 1.353 0.272 0.611 0.051 1.159* 0.140* -0.657-0.110 0.302 0.034 0.270 0.054-0.413-0.100-0.352-0.062-0.348-0.063-0.903-0.216-0.142-0.024 0.081 0.016-2.024** -0.430** -0.252-0.044-0.506-0.031-0.373-0.072 0.281 0.025-0.238-0.041-1.229* -0.297* -0.432-0.071-0.206-0.031-1.401-0.228-0.425-0.055-0.557-0.107 0.079 0.018-0.632-0.107-0.177-0.032 1.279 0.257-0.047-0.007-0.207-0.025 0.119 0.019-0.329-0.037-0.566* -0.113* -0.631-0.152-0.429-0.076-0.780-0.093-0.461-0.061-0.604-0.062 0.085 0.015 0.266 0.062 0.128 0.021 0.168** 0.274** 0.120* 0.251* 0.185** 0.287** 0.011 0.020 0.069 0.169 0.038 0.062 84
4-20 p.01.05.01 Adj. R 2 % 22.4 11.2 24.9 299 99 398 42.990 46.272 43.806 3.988 4.349 4.316 B Beta B Beta B Beta 26.591** 40.319** 30.858** 0.085** 0.351** -0.033-0.090 0.059** 0.212** -1.005* -0.124* 1.455 0.168-0.369-0.042-0.901-0.095-0.230-0.022-1.386-0.135-0.274-0.025-1.788-0.152-1.083-0.092 1.448* 0.173* 1.034 0.083 1.188 0.126 3.176** 0.307** 3.842 0.300 2.882** 0.250** 2.462* 0.279* 1.702 0.185 1.902* 0.214* 0.536 0.025-2.740-0.244 0.319 0.019 1.762 0.185-3.097-0.357-0.005-0.001 6.289 0.091-3.964-0.092 1.825 0.030 0.780 0.071-1.769-0.098-0.772-0.060-3.223-0.047-5.248* -0.504* -1.092-0.059 1.824* 0.136* 0.821 0.066 1.056 0.076 1.587** 0.194** -0.455-0.053 0.799 0.091 1.354* 0.149* -1.479-0.169 0.796 0.085 0.676 0.083 0.086 0.009 0.726 0.081-3.165-0.120-0.762-0.071-1.575-0.092-2.063* -0.218* -1.110-0.128-1.635* -0.173* -1.804-0.165-0.409-0.032-1.387-0.115-0.600-0.071-0.813-0.088-0.035-0.004-1.031-0.116-0.017-0.002-0.432-0.044 1.472* 0.111* -0.285-0.022 1.121 0.081 0.300 0.037-0.917-0.106-0.079-0.009 0.098 0.007-3.007-0.189-0.450-0.030-0.446-0.049 0.717 0.080-0.139-0.014 0.547** 0.336** 0.727* 0.348* 0.621** 0.401** 0.123* 0.128* 0.086 0.103 0.106* 0.108* * 0.05 0.05 ** 0.01 0.01 85
4-21 p.01.05.01 Adj. R 2 % 9.4-1.6 7.5 299 99 398 53.414 54.676 53.728 4.159 5.054 4.425 B Beta B Beta B Beta 43.860** 44.643** 45.668** -0.067* -0.265* 0.045 0.108-0.030-0.107 0.172 0.020-2.298-0.228-0.297-0.033-0.913-0.092-2.789-0.234-0.789-0.075-2.863* -0.253* 0.246 0.018-1.800-0.150 0.771 0.088-1.765-0.122 0.539 0.056 0.088 0.008-2.560-0.172-0.133-0.011 0.305 0.033-1.956-0.183 0.323 0.035 3.358 0.152-2.992-0.229 0.619 0.036 3.852* 0.387* -1.115-0.111 2.051 0.212 9.509* 0.132* -4.430-0.088 3.693 0.059 4.797** 0.417** -0.854-0.041 2.975* 0.227* 13.582** 0.189** -1.356-0.112 2.650 0.140-0.685-0.049 1.053 0.073 0.418 0.029-0.143-0.017 1.924 0.191 0.547 0.061-0.255-0.027 1.598 0.158-0.188-0.020 0.260 0.031 2.574 0.225 0.221 0.024 4.443* 0.162* -0.943-0.075 1.330 0.076 0.962 0.098-1.075-0.107-0.951-0.098 0.661 0.058-2.932-0.197-1.511-0.122 0.918 0.104 2.199 0.205 1.079 0.115 1.228 0.132-0.979-0.081 0.879 0.088 0.021 0.002 0.045 0.003-0.050-0.004 1.429* 0.167* 0.632 0.063 1.465** 0.163** 0.425 0.030 1.320 0.072 0.382 0.025-0.761-0.079-2.640* -0.254* -1.030* -0.105* 0.048 0.028 0.653 0.269 0.169 0.106 0.156* 0.150* 0.137 0.118 0.137* * 0.05 0.05 ** 0.01 0.01 0.134* 86
p 4-22.01.05.01 Adj. R 2 % 11.5 6.9 8.9 299 99 398 41.471 40.737 41.2889 3.141 4.268 3.464 B Beta B Beta B Beta 34.857** 22.923** 34.229** -0.043* -0.228* 0.083 0.233-0.017-0.077 0.029 0.005-1.363-0.160-0.233-0.033-0.665-0.089-2.135-0.212-0.412-0.050-1.063-0.124 1.454 0.126-0.148-0.016 0.783 0.119-1.145-0.094 0.470 0.062-0.177-0.022-2.788-0.222-0.531-0.057 0.524 0.075-2.689-0.298 0.071 0.010-0.114-0.007-0.948-0.086-0.554-0.042 1.101 0.146 0.407 0.048 1.165 0.154 2.743 0.051-3.035-0.071 0.028 0.001 2.157 0.248 0.831 0.047 2.239* 0.218* 5.284 0.097 0.531 0.052 0.571 0.039-0.933-0.088 1.577 0.129 0.362 0.032-0.204-0.032 2.404* 0.283* 0.646 0.092 0.262 0.037 1.896 0.221 0.103 0.014 0.586 0.092 3.280 0.341 0.641 0.089 3.904** 0.188** -0.437-0.041 0.714 0.052 1.347 0.181 0.121 0.014-0.051-0.007 0.090 0.011-2.482-0.197-1.677* -0.173* -0.305-0.046 0.836 0.092 0.154 0.021-0.275-0.039-0.770-0.075 0.091 0.012 0.436 0.042 0.134 0.011 0.344 0.031 1.243** 0.193** 0.780 0.092 1.029* 0.146* 0.671 0.062 0.365 0.023 0.215 0.018-0.541-0.075-2.129* -0.243* -0.879* -0.114* -0.077-0.061 0.588* 0.287* -0.023-0.019 0.143** 0.182** 0.212 0.216 0.137** * 0.05 0.05 ** 0.01 0.01 0.171** 87
4-23 p.05.05.01 Adj. R 2 % 2.0 5.9 8.9 299 99 398 11.943 13.939 12.439 2.783 2.212 2.787 B Beta B Beta B Beta 9.003** 21.720** 11.439** -0.023-0.139-0.037-0.203-0.013-0.074 0.143 0.025-0.935-0.212-0.064-0.011-0.248-0.037-0.654-0.125-0.377-0.057-1.800-0.238-1.209-0.202-1.652* -0.218* -0.011-0.002-0.619-0.098 0.068 0.011 0.266 0.037 0.228 0.035 0.398 0.054-0.219-0.036 0.732 0.157 0.251 0.044 3.472* 0.235* -2.044-0.358 1.174 0.110 2.751* 0.413* -1.522-0.345 0.885 0.146 6.765* 0.141* -1.394-0.063 3.664 0.093 2.640* 0.343* -1.685-0.183 0.736 0.089 8.298** 0.172** -1.887-0.356 2.079* 0.174* 0.247 0.026-0.524-0.083 0.055 0.006 0.060 0.011-0.481-0.109-0.099-0.018-0.517-0.082-0.298-0.067-0.291-0.048-0.326-0.058-0.706-0.141-0.420-0.073 0.539 0.029-0.506-0.092 0.616 0.056-0.385-0.058-1.196-0.272-0.900-0.148 0.570 0.075-0.450-0.069 0.166 0.021 1.223 0.208 1.363 0.290 0.925 0.157 1.503 0.242-0.208-0.039 0.782 0.124-0.414-0.045-0.088-0.014-0.395-0.044 0.186 0.033-0.148-0.034 0.436 0.077-0.246-0.026 0.955 0.118 0.167 0.017-0.221-0.034-0.511-0.112-0.151-0.024 0.126 0.111 0.064 0.061 0.192** 0.193** 0.012 0.018-0.074-0.147-0.000-0.001 * 0.05 0.05 ** 0.01 0.01 88
4-24 p.01.05.01 Adj. R 2 % 13.5 7.8 10.3 299 99 398 24.220 23.798 24.115 1.485 2.157 1.684 B Beta B Beta B Beta 20.941** 19.607** 21.798** -0.012-0.135 0.056* 0.313* -0.003-0.030 0.096 0.032-0.598-0.139 0.009 0.003-0.281-0.079-0.843-0.166-0.327-0.082-0.462-0.114 0.811 0.139-0.250-0.055 0.109 0.035-0.297-0.048-0.000 0.000-0.369-0.096-1.061-0.167-0.551-0.123 0.048 0.015-1.378-0.303-0.307-0.089 0.369 0.047-0.089-0.016 0.360 0.056 1.034 0.291 0.012 0.003 0.912 0.248 1.493 0.058 1.863 0.087 1.914 0.080 1.713** 0.417** -0.514-0.057 1.554** 0.311** 1.841 0.072-0.516-0.100 0.076 0.011 0.045 0.009 0.601 0.098 0.478 0.088 0.352 0.115 0.832 0.194 0.596** 0.175** 0.098 0.029 0.360 0.083 0.022 0.006 0.287 0.095 1.074 0.220 0.323 0.093 1.281 0.131-0.966-0.181-0.086-0.013 0.325 0.092-0.984-0.229-0.366-0.099-0.077-0.019-1.906-0.300-0.852* -0.181* -0.057-0.018-0.869-0.189-0.186-0.052-0.271-0.082-1.320-0.256-0.408-0.107 0.089 0.018 0.976 0.154 0.362 0.067 0.697** 0.229** -0.155-0.036 0.463* 0.135* 0.472 0.093-0.099-0.013 0.192 0.033-0.345-0.101-1.029* -0.232* -0.544** -0.145** -0.017-0.028 0.265 0.256 0.019 0.032 0.049* 0.134* 0.035 0.072 0.036 0.093 * 0.05 0.05 ** 0.01 0.01 89
4-25 p.05.05.05 Adj. R 2 % 3.8 5.1 4.2 299 99 398 17.250 16.939 17.173 2.314 2.989 2.498 B Beta B Beta B Beta 13.916** 3.316 12.431** -0.031* -0.222* 0.026 0.106-0.013-0.086-0.067-0.014-0.765-0.129-0.242-0.048-0.384-0.070-1.292-0.183-0.084-0.014-0.601-0.095 0.643 0.080 0.102 0.015 0.674 0.139-0.849-0.099 0.470 0.086 0.192 0.032-1.727-0.196 0.020 0.003 0.476 0.093-1.311-0.208 0.379 0.074-0.482-0.039-0.859-0.111-0.914-0.095 0.067 0.012 0.394 0.066 0.253 0.046 1.251 0.031-4.898-0.165-1.886-0.053 0.444 0.069 1.345 0.108 0.685 0.093 3.443 0.086 1.047 0.146 0.495 0.046-0.978-0.125 0.976 0.114-0.116-0.014-0.555-0.117 1.572 0.264 0.050 0.010 0.163 0.031 1.537 0.256 0.081 0.015 0.299 0.064 2.207 0.327 0.318 0.062 2.623* 0.172* 0.529 0.071 0.801 0.081 1.022 0.186 1.105 0.186 0.314 0.058 0.169 0.027-0.576-0.065-0.825-0.118-0.248-0.051 1.705 0.268 0.340 0.064-0.004-0.001 0.550 0.077 0.505 0.089 0.346 0.045-0.842-0.096-0.017-0.002 0.546 0.115 0.935 0.157 0.566 0.111 0.199 0.025 0.464 0.043 0.022 0.003-0.196-0.037-1.100-0.179-0.335-0.060-0.060-0.064 0.323 0.225-0.042-0.048 0.093* 0.161* 0.176* 0.257* 0.101** 0.175** * 0.05 0.05 ** 0.01 0.01 90
4-26 1 112 28.0 2 97 24.3 3 43 10.8 4 33 8.3 4-27 1 317 79.3 2 281 70.3 3 205 51.3 4 123 30.8 5 30 7.5 6 12 3.0 7 11 2.8 4-28 1 237 59.3 2 203 50.8 3 56 14.0 4 46 11.5 5 36 9.0 6 35 8.8 7 27 6.8 8 / 18 4.5 9 17 4.3 10 7 1.8 4-29 1 138 34.5 2 64 16.0 3 34 8.5 4 14 3.5 5 12 3.0 91
12 5-6 Swaddiwudhipong 1992 Gupta et al.1998 80 92
60 60 / 1998 4.20 vs. 3.91 93
1998 94
3.3-43.5 7.7-50.0 56.9-83.5 81.25-95.75 Koopman et al. 1991 57 39.8 71.7 80.5 13.7 amplifier 1998 95
. 0.605 0.453 1998 0.139-0.191. 96
. 97
. 1998 98
99
1998 100
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 0.139-0.191 101
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 102
81.25-95.75 / 103
1990 222 49-53 1998183-8 1998 174349-358 1998 14S74-S89 1997 6119-14 1998 14S1-S10 1998 14 S95-S111 2000 87 103219-227 1998 14S18-S27 1998 14S65-S73 1995 15125-136 1997 8437-41 104
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Patz JA. Martens WJM. Focks DA. Jetten TH. Dengue fever epidemic potential as projected by general circulation models of global climate change. Environmental Health Perspectives. 106(3):147-53, 1998. Swaddiwudhipong W. Chaovakiratipong C. Nguntra P. Koonchote S. Khumklam P. Lerdlukanavonge P. Effect of health education on community participation in control of dengue hemorrhagic fever in an urban area of Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine & Public Health. 23(2):200-6, 1992. Swaddiwudhipong W. Lerdlukanavonge P. Khumklam P. Koonchote S. Nguntra P. Chaovakiratipong C. A survey of knowledge, attitude and practice of the prevention of dengue hemorrhagic fever in an urban community of Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine & Public Health. 23(2):207-11, 1992. Stewart, DW & Shamdasani, PN. Focus groups: theory and practice. Newbury Park: Sage, 1990. Su MD. Chang NT. Framework for application of geographic information system to the monitoring of dengue vectors. Kao-Hsiung i Hsueh Ko Hsueh Tsa Chih [Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences]. 10 Suppl:S94-101, 1994. Thomas RE. Preparing your patients to travel abroad safely. Part 3: Reducing the risk of malaria and dengue fever. Canadian Family Physician. 46:1126-31, 2000 May Trofa AF. DeFraites RF. Smoak BL. Kanesa-thasan N. King AD. Burrous JM. MacArthy PO. Rossi C. Hoke CH Jr. Dengue fever in US military personnel in Haiti. JAMA. 277(19):1546-8, 1997 May 21. 107
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 5 109
1 1 2 32 1.2.3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 110
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