48 2011 6 158 Shirk 1993 Montinola et al. 1996 1997 2010 2010 10BZZ035 2010 2010R0083
49 Schroeder & Aoki 2009 Li 2010 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Bird & Ebel 2006 504 1 SSCI 2 1998 Journal of Public Economics Zhang & Zou 1998 1 DC cbe = + 2 DC be = 3 DC ebe = Zhang & Zou 1998 1 http / /www1. worldbank. org /publicsector /decentralization /fiscalindicators. htm
50 2011 6 158 1 2 1 1 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 / 10 / 11 / 12 / 13 / 14 / 15 / 16 / 17 / 18 / 19 / 20 / 21 / 22 / 23 / 24 / 2 1 * Zhang & Zou 1998 24 19 16 28 1980 ~ 1992-30 1979 ~ 1993 Jin & Zou 2005 3 4 1 2 GDP 1994 ~ 1999-2005 9 2005 28 1986 ~ 1992 1986 ~ 1992-13 15 17 18 19 21 23 24 25 1994 ~ 2002 GDP 1994 ~ 2002 + 1986 ~ 2002 1986 ~ 2002 0 1979 ~ 2001 - GDP - 1978 ~ 2002 + 3 1 4 2 6 5 2005 0
51 2 * 2008 2008 21 19 24 23 2009 2007 21 2010 21 19 25 2010 3 15 13 / GDP 1984 ~ 2002 + GDP + + 29 1993 ~ 2001 + 5 6 1999 ~ 2005 + 1994 ~ 2004 + - + 29 1995 ~ 2008 - - 28 1995 ~ 2006 GDP + * + - 0. 05 0 2000 2006 2010 1 1 1 1 3 3 GDP GDP 0. 912 0. 946 0. 935 0. 703 0. 919 0. 823 0. 928 0. 841 0. 935 0. 956 0. 955 0. 755 2008 2007 N = 31
52 2011 6 158 50% 1957 71% 2009 20% 100% 75% 60% GDP 80% GDP 2007 3 12 8 0. 9 0. 8 0. 7 0. 9 GDP 0. 70312 0. 7 2 2 2005 2009 2010 2007 2010 2010 1 the marginal retention rate of locally collected budgetary revenue Ma 1997 Lin & Liu 2000 Jin Qian & Weingast 2005
53 2 ratio of local expenditure to central expenditure in a province Jin Qian & Weingast 2005 3 = + 2010 4 2009 Uchimura & Jütting 2009 5 Uchimura & Jütting 2009 2010 2000 1985 ~ 1987 1988 ~ 1993 15 25 1100% 1 20 80 90 Jin Qian & Weingast 2005 1 2 2009 Uchimura & Jütting 2009 Uchimura & Jütting 2009 1928 1 100%
54 2011 6 158 31 333 283 2858 855 367 1581 40858 19322 14848 6686 2010 1995 2009 2006 2002 2 2006
55 4 4 2005 25% 40% 40% 50 50 50 50 50 50 100 25 75 50 50 25 75 50 50 40 60 10 90 25 75 25 75 35 65 35 65 35 65 35 65 20 80 20 80 20 80 20 80 40 60 30 70 50 50 37. 5 62. 5 50 50 50 50 40 60 40 60 40 60 40 60 40 60 30 70 6. 6 93. 4 10. 7 89. 3 13. 7 86. 3 12. 8 87. 2 100 4. 3 95. 7 48. 7 51. 3 38. 5 61. 5 100 13. 7 86. 3 30 70 15. 9 84. 1 15 75 3 97 29 71 23 77 100 20 80 20 80 37. 5 62. 5 32 68 30 70 37. 5 62. 5 37. 5 62. 5 100 100 30 70 30 70 100 40 60 40 60 40 60 32 68 40 60 25 75 37. 5 62. 5 70 30 70 30 70 30 70 30 25 75 25 75 25 75 25 75 60 40 60 40 60 40 60 40 100 40 60 40 60 100 100 100 100 100 18 35 65 35 65 100 35 65 3 100 100 100 100 40 60 100 100 100 60 40 60 40 30 70 30 70 30 70 30 70 50 50 50 50 5 70 30 30 70 50 50 50 50 20 80 30 70 50 50 50 50 100 100 100 100 2007 1 25% 40% 2 *
56 2011 6 158 2009 Uchimura & Jütting 2009 1 - - 2 2010 25% 40% 2007 154 40
57 1993 ~ 2007 1993 ~ 2007 2007 5 2 3 ~ 6 31 43% 26% 100% 2007 287 6. 3 0. 93 0. 24 279. 53 275. 34 5 2007 2. 20 39. 05 52. 17 67. 48 47. 83 8. 68 46. 03 53. 23 58. 24 46. 77 39. 57 50. 16 60. 83 33. 18 21. 57 39. 82 44. 36 54. 24 33. 34 25. 99 54. 35 55. 20 60. 22 30. 55 16. 58 26. 44 39. 04 43. 33 21. 22 17. 05 60. 66 35. 73 47. 27 29. 42 28. 02 59. 45 32. 77 42. 37 36. 22 31. 72-5. 23 42. 17 65. 19 59. 43 34. 81 2. 40 65. 94 59. 84 10. 82 13. 92 0. 21 66. 95 66. 45 12. 83 11. 46 48. 68 39. 04 50. 13 22. 42 23. 65 15. 36 50. 11 55. 57 15. 19 16. 29 56. 47 56. 56 65. 86 22. 27 19. 23 17. 27 60. 76 62. 63 12. 18 12. 55 48. 10 50. 96 58. 50 14. 46 17. 27 49. 96 38. 87 51. 93 29. 79 24. 72 51. 94 44. 16 57. 66 30. 16 18. 79 0. 66 33. 97 47. 60 27. 68 10. 77 53. 31 41. 32 50. 60 32. 18 26. 4 52. 06 26. 95 42. 31 39. 54 31. 43 43. 18 49. 70 67. 32 50. 65 32. 68 51. 21 45. 72 65. 75 32. 09 15. 51 63. 10 50. 36 57. 12 31. 46 29. 61 44. 76 42. 62 59. 95 41. 42 22. 92
58 2011 6 158 5 101. 52 37. 02 26. 41 29. 95 58. 17 52. 70 39. 40 42. 78 37. 22 36. 72 66. 18 31. 86 54. 92 52. 06 25. 6 79. 11 42. 42 41. 71 41. 42 44. 0 77. 03 30. 18 40. 78 38. 39 35. 79 63. 90 56. 51 49. 80 18. 41 33. 96 42. 73 44. 71 53. 37 32. 63 26. 83 26. 37 10. 043 9. 522 14. 245 11. 655 0. 617 0. 225 0. 178 0. 437 0. 434 * * * 2008 44. 78 52. 93 28. 74 24. 80 10. 671 9. 516 10. 312 10. 79 0. 238 0. 180 0. 358 0. 435 - / * 100 + / * 100 / * 100 3 ~ 6 45% 53% 31 27 32. 6% 26. 8% 28. 7% 24. 8% / 5
59 6-0. 361-0. 499 0. 01 0. 05-0. 018 0. 377 0. 05 0. 5 6 2007 1-0. 361 * 1-0. 499 ** 0. 658 ** 1-0. 018-0. 516 ** - 0. 070 1 0. 377 * - 0. 430 * - 0. 579 ** 0. 640 ** 5 ** * 0. 01 0. 05 N = 31 7 2007 GDP - 0. 801 ** 0. 168 0. 231 0. 337 0. 100 GDP - 0. 715 ** 0. 426 * 0. 370 * - 0. 437 * - 0. 639 ** N = 27 GDP - 0. 811 ** 0. 477 * 0. 236-0. 621 ** - 0. 575 ** GDP - 0. 844 ** 0. 455 * 0. 418 * - 0. 612 ** - 0. 717 ** 5 ** * 0. 01 0. 05 0. 6-0. 516 0. 05-0. 579 0. 01 7 GDP GDP - 0. 715
60 2011 6 158-0. 844 GDP GDP 31 GDP 0. 6 0. 5 27 GDP 0. 7 0. 63 GDP 0. 05 GDP 0. 42 2007 GDP 2007 2006 2006 2006 10 2010 2010 8 2007 2007 3 1995 186 2006 2009 2009 1 2000 2000 4
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