Oates U

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1 F F A DOI: /j.cnki.ier &ZD MG172 KJ2018A ZD003 53

2 Oates U

3 INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH

4 H U 56

INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH 17 H2 10 18 POLLUTION it = β 0 + β 1 POLLUTION it -1 + β 2 ED i t + β 3 CONTROL + ε it 1 POLLUTION ED CONTROL t ε it β i 1.

5 INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH 17 H POLLUTION it = β 0 + β 1 POLLUTION it -1 + β 2 ED i t + β 3 CONTROL + ε it 1 POLLUTION ED CONTROL t ε it β i 1. POLLUTION ED ED it = LEPP it /POP it [ NEPP t ] 1 - GDP it /GDP t 2 /POPt 2 LEPP it i t NEPP t t POP it i t POP t t GDP it i t 57

6 GDP t t GDP INDUS 22 URBAN NR 24 1 INS 25 OPEN POLLUTION ED EAD EMD ESD URBAN GDP INDUS NR INS OPEN

7 INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH 1 STATA 13 GMM GMM ~ L. POLLUTION *** *** *** *** *** *** ED *** *** *** *** *** *** GDP *** *** *** *** *** GDP^ *** *** *** *** *** INDUS *** *** *** *** *** NR *** *** *** *** OPEN *** *** * URBAN INS ** _CONS *** *** * * N AR AR Sargan test t z*** ** * 1% 5% 10% U

8 1% EAD EMD ESD LEAP it LEMP it LESP it i t [ ] EAD it = LEAP it /POP it NEAP t /POP [ ] EMD it = LEMP it /POP it NEMP t /POP [ ] ESD it = LESP it /POP it NESP t /POP NEAP t NEMP t NESP t t % 60 t t t 1 - GDP it /GDP t GDP it /GDP t GDP it /GDP t L. POLLUTION *** *** *** *** *** *** EAD *** ** EMD *** *** ESD *** *** GDP *** *** *** GDP^ ** *** *** *** * *** INDUS *** *** *** *** *** *** NR *** *** *** *** *** *** OPEN *** ** *** *** *** ** URBAN *** * INS ** *** _CONS ** *** N AR AR Sargan test t z*** ** * 1% 5% 10%

9 INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH U

10 J OYONO P R. Profiling local-level outcomes of environmental decentralizations the case of Cameroon's forests in the Congo Basin J. Journal of environment and development J J J OATES W. A reconsideration of environmental federalism R. Resources for the future discussion paper FALLETH E I HOVIK S. Local government and nature conservation in Norway decentralisation as a strategy in environmental policy J. Local environment SIGMAN H. Decentralization and environmental quality an international analysis of water pollution levels and variation J. Land economics BANZHAF H S CHUPP B A. Fiscal federalism and interjurisdictional externalities new results and an application to US air pollution J. Journal of public economics / J J J J J J J

11 INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH PORTER M E VAN DER LINDE C. Toward a new conception of the environment-competitiveness relationship J. Journal of economic perspectives J J J J J J J J J Emission reduction effect of environmental decentralization from the perspective of the river chief system LI Qiang School of Economics Anhui University of Finance and Economics Bengbu China Abstract Whether environmental policy should be formulated by the central government or local government and whether the effect of the central government's environmental policy is better than that of local government is essentially a choice on decentralization or centralization of environment. Based on the innovation of Chinese river chief system this paper argues that the essence of river chief system lies in environmental decentralization and explains the internal mechanism of environmental decentralization from the perspective of local government 's behavior. Then we employ System Generalized Method of Moments to investigate the impact of environmental decentralization on environmental pollution in China using panel data of 30 provinces cities districts in China from 2000 to The results show that environmental decentralization plays a more conducive role on reducing the level of environmental pollution than environmental centralization which means that environmental decentralization is an effective measure to achieve the ambition of energysaving emission reduction and green development in China. The robustness test of environmental administrative decentralization environmental supervising decentralization and environmental monitoring decentralization show that environmental decentralization in administrative supervisory and monitoring is conducive to reducing the level of environmental pollution in our country which further indicates that environmental decentralization is important to help save energy. This study provides new research ideas and theoretical support for environmental governance and the river chief system implementation in China it has important reference value for the orderly advancement of environmental governance in China and also provides theoretical basis for formulating scientific and reasonable policies of environmental governance. Key words environmental decentralization environmental centralization environmental pollution emission reduction effect the river chief system 63

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% % 2014 20 2 POPULATION & DEVELOPMENT Vol. 20 No. 2 2014 430073 2010 C913 A 1674-1668 2014 02-0033 - 11 The Analysis of the Social Security of Migrant Workers and Their Integration into Urban Society SHI