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3 * ** *** Frey, 1996Hendricks Reichert.,1996 Leone Graziano1992 Dielman, Leech, Larenger Horvarth, 1984King, 1997 Miller, 1988King, 1997 Wheelock1994 Bertrand Abernathy(1993) (Balding, 1989)McBride(1995) 912 Erickson(1994) MacGregor(1994) Abood Conway(1992) Birkimer(1996) * ** ***

4 152 Oregon (Walker Sylwester, 1991)Manning(1992) Killeen (1993)31 Morritz Motta1992 Satter Ellyn Hawaii State Dept of Health, Honolulu, Maternal and Child Health Branch, 1991 (ParishMcCluskey, 1993) Elings(1988) :1 2 3 Sigward Warwick, Reimers Fernando1995 Chen, Brad(1993)

5 153 Phyllis(1992) Yerington(1997)

6 % I 5 I I II 4 4 II II III 3 III III IV 2 IV IV V 1 V V = (73) O Malley & Bachman(1983)Rosenbery(1965) (81) Cronbach = Cronbach ,

7 155 (82) Maccoby Martin1983 Cronbach 0.94( )0.92( ) Cronbach Maccoby Martin (81) Cronbach =0.90 =0.81 =0.91, 0.87 Cronbach (84) Hyson, Hirsh-Paselc Rescorla(1990)

8 156 Carlyle , 2, SPSS /PC+

9 >>>>

10 Mean P-value P= P=0.002

11 Mean P-value P= Borba(1989) --- ; ---, 6 N=

12 Hartmann Berkman Breslow 1983 Alameda County Study

13 Kohlberg s % 9.9% 1/

14 % 7 N %

16 164 8 ( ) p-value P=0.06 P=0.07 P=0.42 P=0.84- P= p-value P=0.52 P=0.60 P=0.08 P=0.46 P= P-value P=0.005 P=0.50 P=0.30 P=0.08 P=0.09 Scheffe s,>

17 (p<0.05) 10 MeanSD F=5.22 F=4.60 F=3.98 p-value P=0.002 P=0.004 P=0.01 Scheffe 2>3 2>4 1>4 1>3

18 (1) (2) (3) (4) F=10.58 P= >4 2>3 Sheffe s 2>4 3>4 F= P= >3 1>4 2>3 4>3 F=3.77 P= >4 2>3 F=11.19 P= >3 2>3 1>4 2>4 F=6.30 P=0.01 1>3 1>4 2>3

19 P-value P=0.70 P=0.79 P=0.42 P=0.02 Scheffe s 1>2, 1>3, 1>4 P= p-value P=0.463 P=0.592 P=0.810 P=0.275 P=0.959 P=

20 p-value P=0.827 P=0.930 P=0.465 P=0.228 P=0.680 P= p-value P=0.03 Scheffe 1>4 P=0.200 P= >4, 3>4 P= >3 P=0.061 P= p-value P=0.25 Scheffe P=0.245 P= >4 2>4 P= >4 2>4 P=0.02 3>2 P= p-value P=0.108 P=0.236 P=0.531 P=0.632 Scheffe P=0.04 3>2 P= P=

21 P= P= P= P=

22 H

23 (80) 88 ( 88) (85) (1994) Abood, D. and Conway, T. L.(1992). Health value and self-esteem as predictors of wellness behavior. Health Values: The Journal of Health Behavior, Education & Promotion. 16(3), Balding, J.(1989). Young people in The Health Related Behaviour Questionnaire Results for 33, 459 Pupils between the Ages of 11 and 16. Berkman, L.A. and Breslow, L.(1983). Health and ways of living: The Alameda County Study. New York : Oxford University press.

24 172 Bertrand, L.D. and Abernathy,T.J.(1993). Predicting cigarette smoking among adolescents using cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches. Journal of School Health, 63(2), Birkimer, J. C.(1996). Predictors of health behavior from a behavior-analytic orientation. Journal of Social Psychology, 136 (2), Borba, M.(1989). Esteem builders: A K-8 self esteem curriculum for improving student achievement, behavior and school climate. USA: Jalmar Press Brad, G.(1993). Homeless children: Meeting the educational challenges. Eric Digest. RI US Illinois. ERIC Clearinghouse. Chen, X.(1995). Social functioning and adjustment in Chinese children: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 31(4), Dever, G. E. A. (1976). An epidemiological model for health policy. Social Indicators Research, 2, Dielman, T., Leech, S., Larenger, A., and Horvath, W. (1984). Health locus control and self-esteem as related to adolescent behavior and intentions. Adolescence, 19(76), Elings, J. R.(1988). The effects of parenting styles on children s self-esteem: A developmental perspective. Adolescence, 26(95), Erickson, M. M.(1994). Health promotion, self-esteem, and weight among female college freshmen. Health Values: The Journal of Health Behavior, Education & Promotion, 18(4), Frey, M.(1996). Behavioral correlates of health and illness in youths with chronic illness. Appl Nurs Res, 9(4), Hartmann,E.L.(1973) The functions of sleep, ed2. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University press. Hawaii State Dept. of Health, Honolulu. Maternal and Child Health Branch. (1991). Adolescent health in Hawaii: The adolescent health network s teen health advisor report. Hawaii. Hendricks, C. M. and Reichert, A. (1996). Parents' self-reported behaviors related to health and safety of very young children. Childhood Research Quarterly, 66(1), Hyson, M.C., Hirsh-Pasek, K., & Rescorla, L.(1990). The classroom practices inventory: An observation instrument based on NAEYC s guidelines for developmentally apporpriate practice for 4- and 5-year-old children. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 5, Killeen, M. R. (1993). Parent influences on children s self-esteem in economically disadvantaged families. Issues Mental Health Nurs, 14(4), King, K. A. (1997). Self-concept and self-esteem: A clarification of terms. Journal of School Health, 67(2), 68-70

25 173 Kohlberg,L.(1963).The Development of Children`s orientations towards a moral order; I. Seguence in the development of moral thought. Vita Humana, 6(1-2), Leone, C. and Graziano, W.(1992). The social environment and moral action. In Knowles, R. T. and McLean, G. F.(1992). Psychological foundations of moral education and character development : An integrated theory of moral development. Washington, D.C.: The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy. Maccoby, E.E., & Martin, J.A.(1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P.H. Mussen(ed.), Handbook of child psychology (vol.4)(pp.1-101). New York : John Wiley & Sons. MacGregor, I.(1994). Toothbrushing in adolescence. The Journal of Health Behavior, Education & Promotion, 16(3), Manning, T. M.(1992). The evolution of the American family and its effects on health behavior choices. Maryland: Jossey Bass. McBride, C. M. (1995). School-level application of a social bonding model to adolescent risktaking behavior. Journal of School Health, 65(2), Miller, R. L. (1988). Positive self-esteem and alcoholo/drug related attitudes among school children. JA Drug Educ 33(3), Morritz, E., and Motta, R. W.(1992). Predictors of self-esteem: The roles of parent-child perceptions, achievement, and class placement. J Learn Disabil (UNITED STATES), 25(1), O Mally, P.M. and Bachman, J.G.(1983). Self-esteem change and stability beteen age 13 and 23. Developmental Psychology, 19(2), Parish, T. S. and McCluskey, J. J.(1993). Parenting styles, young adults self-concepts, and evaluations of parents. School Community Journal, 3(2), Phyllis, M.D.(1992). Body power: School based weight management for middle school adolescents. Leader s Mannual. US Montana: Montana State University Extension Publications. Rosenberg, M. and Pearlin, L. I.(1978) Social class and self-esteem among children and adults. American Journal of Sociology, 84(1), Satter, M. and Ellyn, L. (1991). Childhood obesity demands new approaches. Obesity and Health., 5(3), Sigward, T. M. (1992). Parenting styles as they relate to self-esteem and adjustment. New York:

26 174 John Wiley & Sons. Walker, H. and Sylwester, R.(1991). Where Is school along the path to prison?. Educational Leadership, 49(1), Warwick, D. P., Reimers, M. and Fernando, L. (1995). Hope or despair? Learning in Pakistan s primary schools. Toronto: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Wheelock, A.(1994). Alternatives to tracking and ability grouping. Toronto: Carol. Publishing Group. Yeington, P.C.(1997). Gangs, Straight up: A practical guide for teachers, parents, and the community. ISBN US Colorado: Sporls West.

27 Journal of National Taipei Teachers College, Vol.XIII(June 2000) NATIONAL TAIPEI TEACHERS COLLEGE 175 A Study on Parents Parenting Style, Family Support, Teachers Teaching Practice, Student s Self-esteem and Health Related Behavior. I-chyun Chiang*Ya-wen Huang**Hei-shen Len*** ABSTRACT The samples of this research were sampled from the students of one kindergarten, one elementary school and one junior high school in Taipei City. 593 samples completed the questionnaire. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relation among family support, parenting style, teachers teaching practice students self-esteem and students health related behavior. Data analyses reveal the following results. First, the kinds of behavior significantly relating to self-esteem for second and third graders are brushing their teeth after each meal and vision promotion practice; for the fourth and fifth graders, eating breakfast, vision promotion practice and safe behavior; and for the first and second graders in junior high, safe behavior. Second, for the first and second graders in junior high, fathers liberal parenting style results in higher self-esteem in the students than in different parenting style. The students self-esteem along the open-style teachers teaching practices is higher than that along the traditional ones for the fourth and fifth graders in elementary school. In order to build students health related behaviors, we suggest strengthening the educational topics on parenting style, teaching practice and self-esteem. Key wordsself-esteem, family support, parenting style, teachers teaching practice, *I-chyun Chiang: Professor, Department of Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University. **Ya-wen Huang: Professor, Department of Elementary Education, National Taipei Teachers College ***Hei-shen Len: Principal, Sen Au Elementary School, Keelong, Taiwan.

28 176 Journal of National Taipei Teachers College Vol. XIII health behavior, intention

第一章緒論

第一章緒論 Journal of China Institute of Technology Vol.30-2004.6 A Study on the Value Concept and Related Factors of the Students in Vocational High School in Taiwan Tseng-Chai ChengJan- Shing SunChing-Kuo Cheng

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穨CY03506.PDF