220 Voltaire Voltaire, 1972: 391 Fitt, 1987: 82 Mendus, 1989: 8f; Horton, 1987: 521 Nicholson, 1985: Mary Warnock 1 Warnock, 1987: Nor

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1 * ** toleration; tolerance * NSC H **

2 220 Voltaire Voltaire, 1972: 391 Fitt, 1987: 82 Mendus, 1989: 8f; Horton, 1987: 521 Nicholson, 1985: Mary Warnock 1 Warnock, 1987: Norberto Bobbio John Locke Bobbio, 2000: John Horton Horton, 1996: 31-32

3 Martin Luther Leo X Luther, 1961: 490, 495 laity 2 sola fide sola sciptura sola gratia Rice, 1970: justification by faith sacraments and works 3 2 Luther, 1961: 448 Luther, 1961: Luther, 1961: 71

4 222 Hopfl, 1991: ix St. Augustine Luther, 1991: 23 Luther, 1991: 24 Luther, 1991: 25 Luther, 1991: Harro Hopfl John Dillenberger Luther, 1961: 385 work

5 Thomas More Rice, 1970: John Calvin visible body of Christ Solomon & Higgins, 1996: 158f Calvin, 1959: 29; Calvin, 1989: chief pastor Consistory 5 Huldreich Zwingli the Lord s Supper Rice, 1970: pastor teacher; doctor elder deacon Urban, 1995:

6 224 Hopfl, 1982: ch. 8; Rice, 1970: 141 the doctrine of predestination Anabaptism 7 Calvin, 1959: 174; Calvin, 1989: 529 Calvin, 1959: 165; Calvin, 1989: 514 Miguel Serveto Hopfl, 1982: 202f; Rice, 1970: 7 Calvin, 1991 the right to resist

7 f Voltaire, 1972: 202 the Huguenots House of Valois 200 2,000 Henry II Catherine de Medici, Duke of Guise 3,000 Kingdon, 1991: Henry IV Edict of Nantes Dunn, 1979: Henry VIII Act of Supremacy Queen Mary Elizabeth I

8 226 Philip II Dunn, 1979: 45ff; Guy, 1988: 301ff James I James I, 1994b: 152 Charles I James I, 1994a: 40-41

9 Francis Bacon William Laud Oliver Cromwell, Puritan Puritanism Christopher Hill Hill, 1964: Dunn, 1979:

10 228 Cromwell, 1989: John Milton 12 spiritual architecture Milton, 2001: Milton, 2001: 38 Milton, 2001: Morrill, 1988: The State shall be my governors, but not my critics. 14 tithe Hill, 1996:

11 Jacques-Benigne Bossuet, Mendus, 1989: 7 Thomas Hobbes Hobbes, 1991: Calvin, 1959:

12 230 Hobbes, 1991: advice Mortall God Hobbes, 1991: 321 Hobbes, 1991: 322 Baruch Spinoza Spinoza, 1989: Spinoza, 1989: Saul Hobbes, 1991:

13 Spinoza, 1989: the minimal conditions of salvation Hobbes, 1991: 422f Spinoza, 1989: Alan Ryan Ryan, 1988

14 An Essay Concerning Toleration A Letter Concerning Toleration 24 Locke, 1993a: 188 liberty of conscience great privilege Locke, 1993b: 194 Locke, 1993a: Lord Ashley Two Tracts on Government Wootton, 1993: 18, 36f Goldie, 1997: xviii - xix 25 John Dunn calling J. Dunn: 1969, ch. 18

15 Locke, 1993a: 201 Locke, 1993a: 207 Locke, 1993a: 209 Locke, 1993a: 207 Jeremy Waldron Waldron, 1988: Toleration D Locke, 1997: 276 Milton, 2001: Susan Mendus Mendus, 1989: 27-28

16 234 Locke, 1983: 55 Locke, 1983: Locke, 1983: 30 Locke, 1983: 33 Locke, 1983: Quentin Skinner Skinner, 1998: 19f

17 prudence utility Mendus, 1987: 5 31 Hill,

18 236 respect for persons Mendus, 1988: 11-12; Walzer, 1997: xii; Hersch: 27 John Stuart Mill Mill, 1974: infallibility Karl Popper Popper, 1987: 18 Popper, 1987: 26f 33 utility in the largest sense Mill, 1974: 70

19 Popper, 1990: 34 Raphael, 1988: 139 Lord Scarman a fairly low-scale value Scarman, 1987: 54 Scarman, 1987: 57 the right to flourish Scarman, 1987: Voltaire, 1972: 387

20 238 Bernard Williams an interim value Williams, 1999: 74 Ioanna Kucuradi the existence of these others Kucuradi, 1996:

21 Scarman, 1987: Amish 36 Walzer, 1997: 68 Walzer, 1997: Mennonites Menno Simons,

22 240 Will Kymlicka internal restrictions Kymlicka, 1995: 35f 37 the limits of toleration Hill, 1999: Kymlicka, 1996: 94f 2001: 75-76

23 Locke, 1993a: 197 Locke, 1983: 50 Christopher Hill Hill, 1999: Henry Stubbe Locke, 1993b: John Rawls Rawls, 1971: 212 Rawls, 1971:

24 fallibility Popper, 1987: 17 mutuality Popper, 1987: 19 Popper, 1987: Bobbio, 2000: 134 D. D. Raphael infringement of rights Raphael, 1988: Warnock, 1987: Peter Nicholson Nicholson, 1985: Rawls, 1971:

25 the intolerable intolerance Paul Ricoeur asceticism of power Ricoeur, 1996: 189 indignation Ricoeur, 1996: Lucas, 1966: 296 Bobbio, 2000: Plato 43 St. Thomas Aquinas Aquinas, 1988: Rawls, 1996: 194

27 J. Calvin Aquinas, St. T On law, morality and politics. Ed. by W. P. Baumgarth and R. J. Regan. Indianapolis: Hackett. Bobbio, N In praise of meekness: Essays on ethics and politics. Cambridge: Polity Press. Calvin, J Institutes of the Christian religion. Trans. by H. Beveridge. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans. Calvin, J On civil government. In Luther and Calvin, On secular authority. Ed. by Harro Hopfl. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cromwell, O Speeches of Oliver Cromwell. London: Dent. Dunn, J The political thought of John Locke. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dunn, R The age of religious wars, New York: Norton. Fitt, Lord Toleration in Northern Ireland. In S. Mendus and D. Edwards (Eds.), On toleration. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Goldie, M Editor s Introduction. In J. Locke, Political essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Guy, J The Tudor age, In K. Morgan (Ed.), The Oxford history of Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hersch, J Tolerance: Between liberty and truth. In P. Ricoeur (Ed.), Tolerance between intolerance and the intolerable. Providence: Berghahn Books. Hill, C Society and Puritanism in pre-revolutionary England. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Hill, C Church courts and fees. In C. Hill, Liberty against the law. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Hill, C Toleration in seventeenth-century England. In S. Mendus (Ed.), The politics of toleration in modern life. Durham: Duke University Press. Hobbes, T Leviathan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hopfl, H The Christian polity of John Calvin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hopfl. H Editor s introduction. In Luther and Calvin, On secular authority.

28 246 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Horton, J Toleration. In D. Miller etc. (Eds.), The Blackwell encyclopaedia of political thought. Oxford: Blackwell. Horton, J Toleration as a virtue. In D. Heyd (Ed.), Toleration: An elusive view. Princeton: Princeton University Press. James I. 1994a. Basilicon Doron. In James I, Political writings. Ed. by J. Sommerville. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. James I. 1994b. Speech to Parliament of 9 November In James I, Political writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kingdon, R Calvinism and resistance theory, In J. H. Burns (Ed.), The Cambridge history of political thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kymlicka, W Multicultural citizenship. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Kymlicka, W Two models of pluralism and toleration. In D. Heyd (Ed.), Toleration: An elusive virtue. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Locke, J A letter concerning toleration. Ed. by J. Tully. Indianapolis: Hackett Press. Locke, J. 1993a. An essay concerning toleration. In J. Locke, Political writings. Ed. by D. Wootton, Harmondsworth: Penguin. Locke, J. 1993b. Letter to S. H. [Henry Stubbe]. In J. Locke, Political writings. Ed. by D. Wootton, Harmondsworth: Penguin. Locke, J Toleration D. In J. Locke, Political essays. Ed. by M. Goldie. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lucas, J. R The principles of politics. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Luther, M Martin Luther: Selections from his writings. Ed. by J. Dillenberger. New York: Doubleday. Luther, M On secular authority. In Luther and Calvin, On secular authority. Ed. by H. Hopfl. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mendus, S. (Ed.) Justifying toleration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mendus, S Toleration and the limits of liberalism. London: Macmillan. Mendus, S. (Ed.) The politics of toleration in modern life. Durham: Duke University Press. Mendus, S., & Edwards, D. (Eds.) On toleration. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Mill, J. S On liberty. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Milton, J Areopagitica. Seattle: Amazon Press (e-book in Acrobat format). Morrill, J The Stuarts, In K. Morgan (Ed.), The Oxford history of Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Nicholson, P Toleration as a moral ideal. In J. Horton and S. Mendus (Eds.), Aspects

29 of toleration. London: Methuen. Popper, K Toleration and intellectual responsibility. In S. Mendus & D. Edwards (Eds.), On toleration. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Popper, K A world of propensities. Bristol: Thoemmes Press. Raphael, D. D., 1988, The intolerable. In S. Mendus (ed.), Justifying toleration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Rawls, J. 1971, A theory of justice. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press. Rawls, J Political liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press. Rice, Jr., E The foundations of early modern Europe, New York: Norton. Ricoeur, P The erosion of tolerance and the resistance of the intolerable. In P. Ricoeur (Ed.), Tolerance between intolerance and the intolerable. Providence: Berghahn Books. Ryan, A A more tolerant Hobbes? In S. Mendus (Ed.), Justifying toleration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Scarman, Lord Toleration and the law. In S. Mendus & D. Edwards (Eds.), On toleration. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Skinner, Q Liberty before liberalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Solomon, R., & Higgins, K A short history of philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Spinoza, B Tractatus theologico-politicus. Trans. by S. Shirley. Leiden: E. J. Brill. Voltaire Philosophical dictionary. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Waldron, J Locke: Toleration and the rationality of persecution. In S. Mendus (ed.), Justifying toleration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Walzer, M On toleration. New Haven: Yale University Press. Warnock, M The limits of toleration. In S. Mendus and D. Edwards (Eds.), On toleration. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Williams, B Tolerating the intolerable. In S. Mendus (Ed.), The politics of toleration in modern life. Durham: Duke University Press. Wootton, D Editor s introduction. In J. Locke, Political writings. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

30 248 The Formation of the Idea of Toleration and Its Contemporary Problems Kuo-hsien Hsu * Abstract Instances of intolerance that stained with unwilling tears and unworthy blood of different generations one after another scattered throughout human history. The awakening of the necessity of toleration, in the form of religious toleration, began in the aftermath of the Reformation with John Locke as its first defender in true theoretical depth. Since then, situations that were in need of toleration expanded rapidly to cover almost all aspects of everyday life. Intolerance as a self-righteous belief in infallibility tries not only to coerce but also to subdue people with different views and values. On the contrary, toleration just wants coexistence of differences. Toleration is, without doubt, still needed today. But the ways it presents itself are much more complex nowadays. This article, which consists of a historical part and a theoretical one, tries to scrutinize the possibilities and inner problems in practicing toleration in our modern world. Key words: toleration, intolerance, limits of toleration, respect for persons *Professor, Department of Public Administration and Policy, National Taipei University.

Paperless Printer, Job 17

Paperless Printer, Job 17 論宗教容忍與言論自由 1 論宗教容忍與言論自由李瑞全摘要 : 宗教指引人生往上往超越與神聖價值的追求, 以解脫人生之有限和各種的苦難, 提升生命的價值與在有限中取得無限的價值自由是人類生命中不可被剝奪的條件, 也是使人