南華大學數位論文

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4 Funeral Director

5 SUMMARY This is the first academic thesis that focuses on the study of funeral director in Taiwan with an attempt to identify the role of funeral director in modern society and to provide the public with a better understanding of those who perform their duties in the last rites. Hopefully, this research would not only help enhance the social status of funeral director but also pave the way for the implementation of certification and training courses of funeral director in the future. The theme is being approached according to the following steps: 1. To pin point the definition of a funeral director in modern world by researching the history of funeral service in Taiwan and in other countries. 2. To explore the role of funeral director through reference analysis, on-the-site observation and field interviews. 3. To compare the work of funeral directors both in Taiwan and in the western world. To identify the role of modern funeral director in Taiwan by conducting discussions with funeral directors, the bereaved and authorities concerned and by analyzing their expectation of what a funeral director should be. 4. To probe the issue of how current funeral directors are being trained in Taiwan. This research indicates that the work performed by funeral directors in Taiwan, including consultation and follow-up services, is almost identical with that performed by funeral directors in western countries. However, difference exists as far as culture is concerned. Religion definitely plays an important role in the western funeral, which is why the funeral director functions to facilitate the ongoing of religious rites. In Taiwan, the funeral director must possess a full understanding of funeral tradition and custom because he is expected to carry out the duty of interpreting the rites and directing the bereaved during the rites. The role of funeral director in Taiwan is based on the understanding of funeral tradition and custom. Consequently, this role is being expanded and elevated toward a social, psychological and educational level. While directing during the progress of the rite, the funeral director is in fact the one that signifies both the inheritance and bequeath of traditional ethical values at the same time. The cultural significance is, therefore, fully demonstrated. Due to the deficiency in regular education, the funeral director in Taiwan can only be cultivated through apprenticeship or short-term courses. There is still a long way to go before a professional certification system could be established by the government. According to the findings of this research, there are several ways to improve the quality and service of the funeral industry. First of all, it is imperative for the universities of Taiwan to establish department of funeral services for the purpose of cultivating high-quality funeral directors. Vocational schools might set up special sections of learning where students can be trained to become assistants to funeral director. In the meantime, teacher training courses offered by graduate schools would aim to recruit those who have experience in the industry. Key terms: funeral director, role, funeral, interment, death, deathbed solicitude, grief relief

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22 Government G G G /2 G G Funeral Director D D D D D D D D D D D D D Family F01 38 F02 62 F03 37 F

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167 The EnglishChinese dictionary

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171 pp p p p /213 p /215 p p WTO 9 p p p38-50 Vanderlyn R. Pine Caretaker of the Dead. 1975,. Irvington Publisher,Inc. 164

172 Brian Morris Anthropological Studies of Religion:An Introductory Text 1996 George S.Lair COUNSELING THE TERMINALLY ILL:Sharing the Journey Hannelore Wass,PH.D DYING:Facing the Facts.Taylor & Francis 1989 Alan D. Wolfelt, PH.D. INTERPERSONAL SKILLS TRAINNING(A Handbook for Funeral Home Staffs) 1990,Accelerated Development Inc. O connell, Peter J VIKTOR E. FRANKL. Erving Goffman Turner, Jonathan H. The Structure of Sociological Theory 1992 Cathy Siebold THE HOSPICE MOVEMENT:Easing Death s Pains 1992Twayne Publishers Methods of Social Research

173 Ritzer, George Sociological Theory 1995 Neil J. Smelser th Edition Sociology J. William Worden Grief counseling and grief therapy: a handbook for the mental health practitioner,2 nd ed Frankl, Viktor Emil Man s search for meaning: an introduction to logotherapy 1995 Hannelore Wass, Ph.D. & Robert A. Neimezer, Ph.D. DYING: Facing the Facts 1995,Taylor & Francis Glennys Howarth LAST RITESTHE WORK OF THE MODERN FUNERAL DIRECTOR 1996the Baywood Publishing Company PHILIP BABCOCK GOVE Webster s Third New International Dictionary 1966,BY G. & C. MERRIAM CO. Anselm StraussJuliet Corbin. Basics of Qualitative Research:Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques

174 Howarth, Glennys, Last rites : the work of the modern funeral director. Amityville, New York : Baywood Publishing Company Silk Laya Previous present JOS V.M. WELIE IN THE FACE OF SUFFERING 1998Creighton University Press Thomas Lynch. The undertaking : life studies from the dismal trade 1999 S.KAY TOOMBS HANDBOOK OF PHENOMENOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2001Kluwer Academic Publishers. Kenneth J. Doka, Ph.D. Living With Grief: After Sudden Loss 2002 WO YHIDAO SHENME

175 Robert L. Fulton The Clergyman and the Funeral Director: A Study in Role Conflict Social Forces, Vol. 39 Issue 4, , Bluford,Verada UNDERTAKERS & undertakingunited States Occupational Outlook Quarterly, Vol. 37 Issue 1,p38,3p,1c, Spring 1993 Cahill, Spencer E Some rhetorical directions of funeral direction WorkOccupation,Vol.22 Issue Cahill, Spencer E. UNDERTAKERS & undertakingphetorical criticismsocial aspects Work & Occupations, Vol. 22 Issue 2,p115,22p, Newman,Judith FUNERAL rites & ceremoniesunited States;UNDERTAKERS & undertaking United States Harper s Magazine,Vol 295 Issue 1770,p61,9p,1c, Nov 97. Cahill, Spencer E. The case of North American funeral direction.symbolic Interaction, Vol. 22 Issue Cahill, Spencer E. UNDERTAKERS & undertakingprofessional socialization Symbolic Interaction, Vol. 22 Issue 2,p105,15p, 1999 KEMI ADAMOLEKUN,M.S.W. SURVIVORS MOTIVES FOR EXTRAVAGANT FUNERALS AMONG THE YORUBAS OF WESTERN NIGERIA Death Studies

176 VICTOR G. CICIRELLI PERSONAL MEANINGS OF DEATH IN OLDER ADULTS AND YOUNG ADULTS IN RELATION TO THEIR FEARS OF DEATH Death Stuidies,25: MARK R. MITCHELL Taiwan s funeral industry is rife with triads,strippers and death threatsand the public is paying the price TIMEJUNE 18,

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從詩歌的鑒賞談生命價值的建構

從詩歌的鑒賞談生命價值的建構 Viktor E. Frankl (logotherapy) (will-to-meaning) (creative values) Ture (Good) (Beauty) (experiential values) (attitudinal values) 1 2 (logotherapy) (biological) (2) (psychological) (3) (noölogical) (4)