1 [19] Graen Graen Firkola [20] 1 career development [21] Super [22] 1 [23] [24] Arthur [25] [25] 2 1 SCI/SSCI career growth career advancement career

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1 DOI: /j.cnki.cn /f ,2 1 (1., ; 2., ),,,,, ; ; ; career growth 1989 Ragins Sundstrom [1] [2-5] [6] [7] [8 9] [10] [11] Chay Aryee [12] Adams Ellstrom [13 14] Choy Savery [15] Tharenou Metz Garavan [16-18] ( ); ( ); ( ); ( ; ),, ;, 132 Vol.23 No

2 1 [19] Graen Graen Firkola [20] 1 career development [21] Super [22] 1 [23] [24] Arthur [25] [25] 2 1 SCI/SSCI career growth career advancement career progress career opportunities [ ] 1 Carmeli [27] career mobility career prospects [28] [29] Carmeli [27] MANAGEMENT REVIEW Vol.23 No

progress career opportunities [12 16-18 26] 1 Carmeli [27] career mobility

3 1 Chay Aryee 1999 Nkereuwem 1996 Garavan 2006 Metz Tharenou 2001 Tharenou 1999 Career growth Career advancement prospects Career Advancement Managerial advancement Career advancement 1 2 [23] % [30] 2 Nicholson De Waal [31] Nicholson De Waal [31] 2 1 AMJ Seibert 2001 [10] 2 JAP Cable Derue 2002 [32] 3 JCD Allen 2006 [33] 4 JCD Murphy Ensher 2001 [34] 5 JCD Blake-Beard 1999 [35] 6 JM Kirchmeyer 1998 [36] 7 JM Judge Bretz JMS Aryee 1996 [37] 9 JOB Wayne 1999 [11] 10 JVB Byrne 2008 [38] 11 JVB Valcour Ladge 2008 [39] 12 JVB Schneer Reitman 1997 [40] :AMJ-Academy of Management Journal;JCD-Journal of Career Development;JAP-Journal of Applied Psychology;JMS-Journal of Management Studies;JM-Journal of Management;JSP-Journal of Social Psychology;JOB-Journal of Organizational Behavior;JVB-Journal of Vocational Behavior 134 Vol.23 No

[35] 6 JM Kirchmeyer 1998 [36] 7 JM Judge Bretz 1994 8 JMS Aryee 1996 [37] 9 JOB Wayne 1999 [11] 10 JVB Byrne 2008 [38] 11 JVB Valcour Ladge 2008 [39] 12 JVB Schneer Reitman 1997 [40] :AMJ-Academy of

4 2 / / 3 [41 42] Van Veldhoven Career opportunities 3 Van Veldhoven 1994 Career possibility Opportunities to learn Van Veldhoven Meijman 1994 Van Veldhoven Dorenbosch 2008 :Van Veldhoven Meijman(1994);Van Veldhoven Dorenbosch(2008) 4 [43] Ference [43] Bardwick [44] [45] Joseph 5 / / MANAGEMENT REVIEW Vol.23 No

Dorenbosch 2008 :Van Veldhoven Meijman(1994);Van Veldhoven Dorenbosch(2008) 4 [43]

5 Bedeian [46] Chay Aryee [12] 3 Tharenou Metz [16 17] Likert % % % % % % % % % % % % % SPSS13.0 LISREL % % % % % % % % % % % % % 136 Vol.23 No

51% 113 11.76% 81 8.43% 204 21.23% 425 44.2% 536 55.8% 4 2 138 14.8% 253 27.2% SPSS13.0 LISREL8.70 636 67.7% 304 22.

6 2 1 item analysis [47] 27% 27% p< t r t r ***.683*** ***.557*** ***.755*** ***.516*** ***.656*** ***.527*** ***.697*** ***.489*** ***.703*** ***.587*** ***.710*** ***.612*** ***.719*** ***.608*** ***.688*** 0.88 :* 0.05;** 0.01;*** n=480 n=481 Bartlett p=0.000 KMO Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q % MANAGEMENT REVIEW Vol.23 No

608*** 0.77 8 14.124***.688*** 0.88 :* 0.05;** 0.01;*** 0.001 2 961 n=480 n=481 Bartlett 3069.063 p=0.000 KMO 0.872 6 Q1.869.143.186.126 Q2.856.212.018.025 Q3.779.247.025.063 Q4.755.193.264.114 Q5.

7 % [48] Lederer Sethi χ 2 /df RMSEA GFI AGFI NNFI CFI PNFI PGFI χ 2 /df RMSEA 0.1 RMSEA RMSEA 0.05 GFI AGFI NNFI CFI [49 PNFI PGFI ] 7 χ 2 /df RMSEA GFI=0.93 AGFI= NNFI=0.97 CFI=0.98 PNFI 0.81 PGFI χ 2 /df RMSEA GFI AGFI NNFI NFI CFI PNFI PGFI IFI Vol.23 No

505 RMSEA 0.064 0.05 GFI=0.93 AGFI=0.91 0.90 NNFI=0.97 CFI=0.98 PNFI 0.81 PGFI 0.

8 t p< Greenhaus [51] 8 Alderson [52] _, Cronbach s α spearman MANAGEMENT REVIEW Vol.23 No

377 0.378 0.470 7. 0.248 0.246 0.084 0.259 0.398 0.447 8. 0.382 0.422 0.368 0.510 0.337 0.333 0.267 9. 0.351 0.

9 Devellis [53] Cronbach s α 0.6 [53 54] Cronbach s α % career growth 140 Vol.23 No

6 [53 54] 0.783 0.6 Cronbach s α 0.860 0.848 0.796 0.

10 : [1] Ragins, B. R., Sundstrom, E. Gender and Power in Organizations[J]. Psychological Bulletin, 1989,105(1):51-88 [2] Judge, T. A., Higgins, C. A., Thoresen, C. J., Barrick, M. R. The Big Five Personality Traits, General Mental Ability, and Career Success Across the Life Span[J]. Personnel Psychology, 1999,52(3): [3] Seibert, S. E., Crant, J. M., Kraimer, M. L. Proactive Personality and Career Success[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1999,84(3): [4] Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L. The Five-Factor Model of Personality and Career Success[J]. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2001,58 (1):1-21 [5] Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., Crant, J. M. What Do Proactive People Do? A Longitudinal Model Linking Proactive Personality and Career Success[J]. Personnel Psychology, 2001,54: [6] Schaubroeck, J., Lam, S. K. How Similarity to Peers and Supervisor Influences Organizational Advancement in Different Cultures [J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2002,45(6): [7] Markham, W. T., Harlan, S. L., Hackett, E. J. Promotion Opportunity in Organizations: Causes & Consequences[A]. In Rowland, K., & Ferris, G. (Eds) Research in Personnel & Human Resource Management[C]. 1987,5: [8] Judiesch, M. K., Lyness, K. S. Left Behind? The Impact of Leaves of Absence on Managers Career Success[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1999,42(6): [9] Schneer, J. A., Reitman, F. Effects of Employment Gaps on the Careers of M. B. A. S: More Damaging for Men than for Women?[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1990,33(2): [10] Seibert, S. E., Maria L.K., Robert C. L. A Social Capital Theory of Career Success[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2001,44(2): [11] Wayne S. J., Liden, R. C., Kraimer, M. L., Graf, I. K. The Role of Human Capital, Motivation and Supervisor Sponsorship in Predicting Career Success[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 1999,20(5): [12] Chay, Y., Aryee, S. Potential Moderating Influence of Career Growth Opportunities on Careerist Orientation and Work Attitudes: MANAGEMENT REVIEW Vol.23 No

Journal of Applied Psychology, 1999,84(3): 416-427 [4] Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L. The Five-Factor Model of Personality and Career Success[J].

11 Evidence of the Protean Career Era in Singapore[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 1999,20(5): [13] Adams, G. A. Career-Related Variables and Planned Retirement Age: An Extension of Beehr s Model[J]. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1999,55(2): [14] Ellstrom, P. The Many Meanings of Occupational Competence and Qualification [J]. Journal of European Industrial Training, 1997,21(6/7): [15] Choy, R. M., Savery, L. K. Employee Plateauing: Some Workplace Attitudes[J]. Journal of Management Development, 1998,17(6): [16] Tharenou, P. Is There a Link between Family Structures and Women s and Men s Managerial Career Advancement[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 1999,20(6): [17] Metz, I., Tharenou, P. Women s Career Advancement: The Relative Contribution of Human and Social Capital[J]. Group & Organizational Management, 2001,26(3): [18] Garavan, T., O Brien, F., O Hanlon, D. Career Advancement of Hotel Managers Since Graduation: A Comparative Study[J]. Personnel Review, 2006,35(3): [19] Graen, G. B., Chun, H., Dharwadkar, R. Wakabayashi, M. Predicting Speed of Managerial Advancement over 23 Years Using a Parametric Duration Analysis: A Test of Early Leader-Member Exchange, Early Job Performance, Early Career Success, and University Prestige[A]. Best Papers Proceedings: Making Global Partnerships Work Association of Japanese Business Studies[C]. The 10th Annual Meeting, Washingto, DC: OMNIPRESS, 1997:75-89 [20] Firkola, P. Career Development Practices in a Japanese Steel Company[A]. Best Paper Proceedings: Association of Japanese Business Studies[C]. 1997: [21] Greenhaus, J. H., Callanan, G. A., Godshalk, V. M. Career Management (3rd Ed.)[M]. Mason, OH: Thomson South-Western, 2000 [22] Super, D. E. The Psychology of Career[M]. New York: Harper, 1957 [23]. : [M]. :, 2006 [24] Arthur, M. B., Khapova, S. N., Wilderom, C. P. M. Career Success in a Boundaryless Career World[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2005,26(2): [25] London, M., Stumpf, S. A. Managing Careers[M]. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1982 [26] Nkereuwem, E. E. Job Performance Attributions and Career Advancement Prospects for Women in the Academic Libraries[J]. Librarian Career Development, 1996,4(1):18-24 [27] Carmeli, A., Gefen, D. The Relationship between Work Commitment Models and Employee Withdrawal Intentions[J]. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 2005,20(2):63-95 [28] Vardi, Y. Organizational Career Mobility: An Integrative Model[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1980,5(3): [29] Judge, T. A., Bretz, R. D. Political Influence Behavior and Career Success[J]. Journal of Management, 1994,20(1):43-65 [30] Arthur, M. B., Rousseau, D. M. Introduction: The Boundaryless Career as a New Employment Principle[A]. In M. B. Arthur & D. M. Rousseau (Eds.): The Boundaryless Career[C]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996 [31] Nicholson, N., De Waal, A. W. Playing to Win: Biological Imperatives, Self-Regulation, and Trade-Offs in the Game of Career Success[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2005,26(2): [32] Cable, D. M., Derue, D. S. The Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Subjective Fit Perceptions[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2002,87(5): [33] Allen, T. D., Lentz, E., Day, R. Career Success Outcomes Associated with Mentoring Others: A Comparison of Mentors and Nonmentors[J]. Journal of Career Development, 2006,32(3): [34] Murphy, S. E., Ensher, E. A. The Role of Mentoring Support and Self-Management Strategies on Reported Career Outcomes[J]. Journal of Career Development, 2001,27(4): [35] Blake-Beard, S. D. The Costs of Living as an Outsider within: An Analysis of the Mentoring Relationships and Career Success of Black and White Women in the Corporate Sector[J]. Journal of Career Development, 1999,26(1):21-36 [36] Kirchmeyer, C. Determinants of Managerial Career Success: Evidence and Explanation of Male/Female Differences[J]. Journal of Management, 1998,24(6): [37] Aryee, S., Wyatt, T., Stone, R. Early Career Outcomes of Graduate Employees: The Effect of Mentoring and Ingratiation[J]. Journal of Management Studies, 1996,33(1): Vol.23 No

The Many Meanings of Occupational Competence and Qualification [J]. Journal of European Industrial Training, 1997,21(6/7):266-273 [15] Choy, R. M., Savery, L. K.

12 [38] Byrne, Z. S., Dik, B. J., Chiaburu, D. S. Alternatives to Traditional Mentoring in Fostering Career Success[J]. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2008,72(3): [39] Valcour, M., Ladge, J. J. Family and Career Path Characteristics as Predictors of Women s Objective and Subjective Career Success: Integrating Traditional and Protean Career Explanations[J]. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2008,73(2): [40] Schneer, J. A., Reitman, F. The Interrupted Managerial Career Path: A Longitudinal Study of Mbas[J]. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1997,51(3): [41] Van Veldhoven, M., Meijman, T. F. The Measurement of Psychosocial Job Demands[M]. NIA: Amsterdam, 1994 [42] Van Veldhoven, M., Dorenbosch, L. Age, Proactivity and Career Development[J]. Career Development International, 2008,13(2): [43] Ference, T. P., Stoner, J. A., Warren, E. K. Managing the Career Plateau[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1977,2(4): [44] Bardwick, J. M. The Plateauing Trap[M]. American, New York: NY, 1986 [45] Joseph, J. An Exploratory Look at the Plateausim Construct[J]. Journal of Psychology, 1996,130(3): [46] Bedeian, A. G., Kemery, E. R., Pizzolatto, A. B. Career Commitment and Expected Utility of Present Job as Predictors of Turnover Intentions and Turnover Behavior[J]. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1991,39(3): [47] Babbie, E. The Practice of Social Research (10 Th Ed.)[M]. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2004 [48] Lederer, A. L., Sethi, V. Critical Dimensions of Strategic Information Systems Planning[J]. Decision Science, 1991,22(1): [49] Browne, M. W., Cudeck, R. Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit[A]. In: K.A. Bollen, J. Scott Long, Eds. Testing Structural Equation Models[C]. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1993: [50] Bryne, B. M. Structural Equation Modeling with Amos: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming[M]. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2000 [51] Greenhaus, J. H., Parasuraman, S., Wormley, W. M. Effects of Race on Organizational Emperience, Job Performance Evaluations, and Career Outcomes[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1990,33(1):64-86 [52] Alderson, J. C. Assessing Reading[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000 [53] Devellis, R. F. Scale Development: Theory and Applications (Applied Social Research Methods Series, Vol.26)[M]. Newbury Park: Sage, 1991 [54] Nunnally, J. Psychometric Theory (2nd Ed.)[M]. New York: Mcgraw-Hill, 1978 Career Growth Study: Scale Development and Validity Test Weng Qingxiong 1,2 and Xi Youmin 1 (1.School of Management, Xi an Jiaotong University, Xi an ; 2.Fuzhou command College of CAPF, Fuzhou ) Abstract: The study structures and tests a four-dimensional structure model of career growth, and develops a measurement scale of career growth. Based on the reviewing and generalizing of the correlated literature, it analyzes the links and differences between career growth and other related concepts. The original data is acquired through interviews and semi-structured questionnaire. By reference to the related research scales, the initial career growth scale is made through several steps, including cataloguing, summarizing and revising. The formal scale is constructed through the research methods of the items analysis, exploratory factor test and so forth. Confirmatory factor analysis approach is adopted to verify the four-dimensional structure model of career growth. The results indicate that career growth is a four-dimension concept, including career goal progress, professional ability development, promotion speed and remuneration growth. Two directions for the future researches of career growth theory are put forward. Key words: career growth, employee, career development, career success, scale MANAGEMENT REVIEW Vol.23 No

Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1997,51(3):411-434 [41] Van Veldhoven, M., Meijman, T. F. The Measurement of Psychosocial Job Demands[M]. NIA: Amsterdam, 1994 [42] Van Veldhoven, M., Dorenbosch, L.

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,:, ;,, [2 ],,,,,,,,,,, 2, 2. 1 (career growt h) [ 18 ], 2. 3, Bedeian [ 3 ], chay, Aryee [4 ],,,,,,, Adams [5 ] Ellstrom [6 ],, Choy Savery,,,,,,,, [ Industrial Engineering and Management No. 1,2009 2009 1 :100725429 (2009) 0120097208, (, 430074) :,,, 50 879,, 3, 3,,,, : ; ; ; : C936 : A The Structure of Career Growth and Its Impact on EmployeesTurnover