2006年度活動報告書

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2 OCW Web MIT 2001 Web 1876 MIT MIT 3 ELMS

3 I. OCW II. Memorandum of Cooperation III. Web IV. V. VI. JOCW VII. OCWC VIII. "Open Education Conference" IX. "DLI2006" X XI.

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16 2006/10/ ~2 JOCW 1 Sapporo Hokkaido University Beppu Fukuoka Osaka Kyushu University Kyoto Kansai University Osaka University Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University Doshisha University Kyoto Seika University Kyoto University Ritsumeikan University Nara Nagoya Chiba Nagoya University Tsukuba Tsukuba University Tokyo Cyber Campus Consortium TIES Keio University Tokyo Institute of Technology University of Tokyo Waseda University Advanced Visual Communication Center National Institute of Multimedia Education Japan Opencourseware Consortium Members (Oct. 31, 2006) JOCW OCW OCW OCW

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Outline of Japan Opencourseware Consortium and Current Status of Hokkaido University Opencourseware Masayuki AIKAWA (Hokkaido University, Japan) Marie TSUDA Izumi FUSE Yoshiharu HIRABAYASHI Masashi

Some of them include movies and audios, available through Podcasts and so on. The materials are licensed under the terms and conditions defined in each university.

New members (3 universities, including Hokkaido University, and 1 institution) joined the Alliance in December 2005.

68 Outline of Japan Opencourseware Consortium and Current Status of Hokkaido University Opencourseware Masayuki AIKAWA (Hokkaido University, Japan) Marie TSUDA Izumi FUSE Yoshiharu HIRABAYASHI Masashi NOSAKA Tetsu TANABE Yuichi YAMAMOTO Kohei WATANABE Shigeto OKABE Materials being published in JOCW JOCW members are publishing more than 300 courses and making efforts to publish more courses. Some of them include movies and audios, available through Podcasts and so on. The materials are licensed under the terms and conditions defined in each university. Number of courses in JOCW Outline of Japan Opencourseware Consortium (JOCW) Japan Opencourseware Alliance (6 universities) was established in May New members (3 universities, including Hokkaido University, and 1 institution) joined the Alliance in December The Alliance was reorganized as Japan Opencourseware Consortium (JOCW) in April A JOCW Member, Hokkaido University Hokkaido University started out in 1876 as the Sapporo Agricultural College, the first modern academic institute in Japan. The university consists of 12 faculties, which is the largest in number in Japan, 16 graduate schools and others. In 2006, Beijing office has opened as the first university-wide liaison office overseas.

hokudai.ac.jp Course Materials in HU-OCW - 1 Dynamics of Ice Sheets and Glaciers by Prof. Greve A Lecture of International Antarctic Institute see http://wwwearth.ees.hokudai.ac.jp/iai/index_en.

69 Hokkaido University Opencourseware (HU-OCW) Hokkaido University started an opencourseware project in 2005, and joined JOCW in December. HU-OCW website opened in April 2006, with 14 courses (13 courses in Japanese and 1 in English). Recently, 8 new courses (7 in Japanese and 1 in English) have been added. HU-OCW top page Course Materials in HU-OCW - 1 Dynamics of Ice Sheets and Glaciers by Prof. Greve A Lecture of International Antarctic Institute see Features of HU-OCW Hokkaido University has unique faculties among JOCW members because of historical and regional reasons. Faculty In HU-OCW Institute of Low Temperature Science 1 movie, 1 course Faculty of Agriculture 1 movie Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 1 movie Faculty of Fisheries Sciences 1 movie Center for Advanced Tourism Studies 1 movie The top page of HU-OCW website has been translated into English and Simplified Chinese. Course Materials in HU-OCW - 2 Rock Engineering by Yoshiaki FUJII

Problems in HU-OCW Collection of materials is difficult. HU-OCW is not famous in Hokkaido University. The law of intellectual property arises difficulties.

70 Problems in HU-OCW Collection of materials is difficult. HU-OCW is not famous in Hokkaido University. The law of intellectual property arises difficulties. Course materials Figures created by others Viewer Permission In a class Unnecessary Through the Internet Necessary Example of Course Materials Title page with notation: Usage of figures with the symbol is limited. Figures with the symbol and its reference Notation that the figure has been removed. Intellectual Property in HU-OCW In Hokkaido University, the intellectual property of materials created in Hokkaido University belongs to authors of them. HU-OCW needs authors permission to publish the materials through the Internet. If the materials include works created by other authors, HU-OCW applies for permission. some of rights may be restricted by authors. Until now, the number of applications is 33. The result is 19 permissions and 2 rejections (and 12 reservations). Future Plan of HU-OCW HU-OCW has to Provide more courses. Provide some courses and pages in foreign languages. Grant authors requests. To avoid responsibility Not to waste time Cooperate with organizations in foreign countries, including China. Hokkaido University has opened Beijing office in May 2006.

Problems of open publications of educational materials on the Web Masayuki AIKAWA (Hokkaido University, Japan) Marie TSUDA Izumi FUSE Yoshiharu HIRABAYASHI Masashi NOSAKA Tetsu TANABE Yuichi YAMAMOTO

71 Problems of open publications of educational materials on the Web Masayuki AIKAWA (Hokkaido University, Japan) Marie TSUDA Izumi FUSE Yoshiharu HIRABAYASHI Masashi NOSAKA Tetsu TANABE Yuichi YAMAMOTO Kohei WATANABE Shigeto OKABE Japan Opencourseware Consortium (JOCW) Japan Opencourseware Alliance was established in May The Alliance was reorganized as Japan Opencourseware Consortium (JOCW) in April About Opencourseware The idea of opencourseware was proposed as a model for knowledge dissemination by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Opencourseware publishes educational materials in higher education through the internet which are available for use and adaptation by educators and learners. Opencourseware does not give any degree, credit or certification. Materials being published in JOCW JOCW members are publishing more than 300 courses and the number is increasing. Some of courses include movies and audios, available through Podcasts and so on. The materials are licensed under the terms and conditions defined in each university. Number of courses in JOCW

72 Hokkaido University Opencourseware (HU-OCW) Hokkaido University started an opencourseware project in 2005, and joined JOCW in December. HU-OCW website opened in April 2006, with 14 courses (13 courses in Japanese and 1 in English). Recently, 12 new courses (11 in Japanese and 1 in English) have been added. HU-OCW top page Course Materials in HU-OCW - 2 Rock Engineering by Prof. Fujii Course Materials in HU-OCW - 1 Dynamics of Ice Sheets and Glaciers by Prof. Greve A Lecture of International Antarctic Institute see Intellectual Property in HU-OCW In Hokkaido University, the intellectual property of materials created in Hokkaido University belongs to authors of them. HU-OCW needs authors permission to publish the materials through the Internet. If the materials include works created by other authors, HU-OCW applies for permission. some of rights may be restricted by authors.

Example of Course Materials Title page with notation: Usage of figures with the symbol is limited. Figures with the symbol and its reference Notation that the figure has been removed.

73 Example of Course Materials Title page with notation: Usage of figures with the symbol is limited. Figures with the symbol and its reference Notation that the figure has been removed. Historical Materials In Hokkaido University, there are many historical materials, such as Notes written by Inazo NITOBE. Notes of William S. Clark. Civil Engineering (1881) Isami HIROI As a part of course materials, we are planning to use scientific articles on our website. Hideki YUKAWA (Noble Prize Winner in 1949) Result of applications Until now, the number of applications is 33. We get 19 permissions and 2 rejections (and 12 reservations). Organization ACC RF NR sum Publishers Profit Mass media Others Domestic Ministries Non-profit Educational institutions Academic societies Publishers Profit Mass media Others Foreign Ministries Non-profit Educational institutions Academic societies Total Summary HU-OCW needs authors permission to publish the materials through the Internet. If the materials include works created by other authors, HU-OCW applies for permission. some of rights may be restricted by authors. We could receive 19 permissions and 2 refusals. Ignorance of the applications is a big problem.

74 Problems of open publications of educational materials on the Web Masayuki AIKAWA 1,*, Marie TSUDA 1, Izumi FUSE 2, Yoshiharu HIRABAYASHI 2, Masashi NOSAKA 2, Tetsu TANABE 2, Yuichi YAMAMOTO 2, Kohei WATANABE 2 and Shigeto OKABE 2 1 Hokkaido University OpenCourseWare, Hokkaido University, Sapporo , JAPAN 2 Information Initiative Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo , JAPAN Abstract Opencourseware publishes educational materials in higher education through the internet with free and open access. The open publications are increasing by worldwide collaborations of higher education institutions and associated organizations. In this report we discuss problems in the publications based on the results of Hokkaido University OpenCourseWare. Hokkaido University has just opened the Web-site of Hokkaido University OpenCourseWare (HU-OCW) in the spring of 2006, which provides free and open access to educational materials in line with the university s mission of knowledge creation, knowledge dissemination and knowledge application. The concept of opencourseware is a part of the larger movement that promotes free and open access to knowledge. The idea of opencourseware was proposed as a model for knowledge dissemination by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Opencourseware publishes educational materials in higher education through the internet which are available for use and adaptation by educators and learners. Opencourseware, however, does not give any degree, credit or certification. HU-OCW has joined the Japan OpenCourseWare Consortium (JOCW) which was founded with 9 universities and 1 institution of Hokkaido University, Keio University, Kyoto University, Kyushu University, Nagoya University, Osaka University, Tokyo Institute of Technology, University of Tokyo, Waseda University and National Institute of Multimedia Education (NIME) in April of 2006 in collaboration with the OpenCourseWare Consortium with more than * corresponding author: aikawa@ocw.hokudai.ac.jp

75 100 higher education institutions and associated organizations around the world. The mission of the Consortium is to advance education and empower people worldwide through opencourseware. The aim of HU-OCW is to make educational activities of Hokkaido University more visible and enrich them. A lecturer usually prepares educational materials of textbooks, notebooks and/or presentation slides for his/her class with taking a lot of time and efforts. The lecture, however, has been mostly consumed in the class and the educational materials used there have been archived privately, although the lecture is the important knowledge produced in the university. If the lecture is archived with the educational materials and opened through the internet with free and open access, educators and learners around the world surely share them to help and advance their teaching and learning. Developments of information and communication technologies make the creation and publication of knowledge through the internet easily possible. We have a variety of ways of the creation and publication, for instance, Wikipedia. Opencourseware provides the knowledge as a course in higher education mainly designed by a person of professional for the subject of the course, which is complementary to Wikipedia. At the end of August of 2006 HU-OCW has published 19 courses, which include international courses in the International Antarctic Institute project in connection with the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and the University of Tasmania. The access to the Web-site of HU-OCW comes not only from inside Japan but also from foreign countries. The number of visitors is about 9,000 Visits (or 80,000 Hits) a month. HU-OCW provides users with free and open access to the syllabi, lecture notes, presentation slides, course schedules and some movies. As for the syllabi, Hokkaido University has already opened the syllabi of almost all courses in the Web-site independently from HU-OCW several years ago. Furthermore, Hokkaido University provides the faculty members and the students with the environment of the academic portal site and the learning management system named as ELMS (Education and Learning Management System), where educational materials of each course are available for the members in the portal site of each course. Therefore, it is not so difficult to transfer the materials from the ELMS Web-site to the HU-OCW Web-site. We, however, have to solve the problem to make the materials clear in conformity with the law of intellectual property in order to publish them through the internet. Since the proper use of the materials in classes on campus of the university is admitted without any license, the law and the problem have not been so familiar for the faculty members. For the publication in the Web-site the faculty members are required to learn the law, at least, the copyright especially about the use of works of the other authorships and the use, reuse, adaptation and redistribution of the materials by others. HU-OCW has made requests to the copyright owners for permission to publish the materials containing the works of the owners in the HU-OCW Web-site according to the checklists by the

76 authors of the materials. The result is summarized in Table 1. The total amount of the requests is 33 (19 for acceptance, 2 for refusal and 12 for no response in result). Organization ACC RF NR sum Publishers Profit Mass media Domestic Others Ministries Non-profit Educational institutions Academic societies Publishers Profit Mass media Foreign Others Ministries Non-profit Educational institutions Academic societies Total Table 1 Numbers of requests for permission and the results. ACC: accepted, RF: refused, NR: no response. HU-OCW publishes the material as follows. When the materials contain works of the other authorships, the notice of the copyright is expressed in the first page of the materials as shown in Figure 1. In the case when the permission is accepted, the works are included in the publication of the materials with additions of a proper expression about the copyright of the authorships. In the case when the permission is refused, the corresponding works in the material are replaced by an explanation about the copyright problem. As shown in Table 1, we have now a few cases of refusal. The main problem at present is the cases with no response. In order to solve this problem the Consortium is required to ask publishers, educational institutions and academic societies for cooperation. As solving the problems, we are now working and studying for extension of HU-OCW, for instance, publishing in multi-language and multi-media, feedback and collaboration with users.

Figure 1 Samples of the notices about the copyright in the materials: (a) a notice of the copyright in the first page of the materials, (b) in the case when the

77 Figure 1 Samples of the notices about the copyright in the materials: (a) a notice of the copyright in the first page of the materials, (b) in the case when the permission is accepted a notice of the copyright is affixed, (c) in the case when the permission is refused the corresponding work is replaced by a notice of the copyright.