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镳骏买
5 years ago
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1 Studies in the History of Natural Sciences Vol. 33 No N092 O6-092 A Roger Bacon 1214 ~ Berthold Schwarz 20 Luther Carrington Goodrich 1894 ~ 1986 Joseph Needham 1900 ~

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4 ISIS The Early Development of Firearms in China ~ ISIS On the Invention and Use of Gunpowder and Firearms in China Science and Civilization in China 1 ~ Nathan Sivin

5 The Early 1946 Development of Firearms in China On the Invention and Use of Gunpowder and Firearms in China ISIS On the Invention and Use of Gunpowder and Firearms in China Wang Ling On the Invention and Use of Gunpowder and Firearms in China. ISIS ~ 178. George Sarton

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11 M ~ J J ~ M M Goodrich L C Feng C S. The Early Development of Firearms in China J. ISIS ~ M J Wang L. On the Invention and Use of Gunpowder and Firearms in China J. ISIS ~ M M J J ~ J ~ J M J M J ~ M J ~ M J D J M M M J ~ 71.

12 Cao Huanwen and His Research on the Gunpowder of China WANG Jian YANG Xiaoming GAO Ce Institute for History of Science and Technology Shanxi University Taiyuan China Abstract Gunpowder is regarded as one of the greatest inventions in the history of mankind. Due mainly to the studies from Chinese scholars since the 20th century the name of China has been gradually connected with the invention of gunpowder. Among these Chinese scholars Feng Chiasheng and Wang Ling have been generally accepted as the pioneers in the field of the history of gunpowder in ancient China. In view of the newly discovered firsthand historical materials however this paper deems that Cao Huanwen began his research earlier than the study of Feng and Wang whether about the publication or the reading off of papers. What matters most is that Cao firstly and independently developed the idea which was generally accepted as the basic thesis of the following research since Feng and Wang. The paper states clearly that it was the ancient Chinese medico-alchemists who invented gunpowder. For this conclusion Cao had made a more justifiable and convincing job. In addition one of Cao's manuscript works Materials of the Complete History of Gunpowder in Ancient China which it took nearly 20 years to work on is so far the only discovered writings assembling the research data of the Chinese history of gunpowder. Meanwhile Cao's many other ideas could also be the academic works of independent thought for example gunpowder was invented during the times of Wei and Jin and was well-known in the Northern and Southern Dynasties and it was used firstly among the people and then to military purpose and the dissemination of gunpowder from China to the West via Arabia was due to Mongolia's active imparting. Keywords history of gunpowder research history Cao Huanwen China alchemist

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59-81 BIBLID 0254-4466(2001)19:2 pp. 59-81 19 2 90 12 * 59 60 19 2 1498-1583 6 1572 12 27 1525-1582 1572-1620 1368-1398 1426-1435 1450-1456 1610-1695 15 1538-1588 1535-1608 61 1 1503-1583 1516-1591 1472-1528