Microsoft Word 黄裕_new_.doc

Transcription

1 , 22(6): Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 研究论文 DOI: /SP.J , 黄裕 2, 王际英 2, 李宝山 2 2,, 郝甜甜 3, 夏斌 2, 孙永智 2 1,, 魏佳丽 2, 王世信 2, 2 张利民 1., ; 2.,, ; 3., 摘要 : (3.70±0.01) g (Cynolossus semilaevis Günter), 7.5%, 0 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 6, 68 d : ;,,, ; 80% 100% (P<0.05), (P<0.05), EPA DHA (P<0.05) (P>0.05); 80% 100% (P<0.05);,,, 60% ;,,, : ; ; ; ; ; ; 中图分类号 : S963 文献标志码 : A 文章编号 : (2015) EPA DHA,,,,,,, (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [1] (Oreochromis sp.) [2] (Salmo salar) [3] (Sparus aurata L.) [4], C 18, [5],, [6], 收稿日期 : ; 修订日期 : 基金项目 : ( ); ( ). 作者简介 : (1988 ),, ; @qq.com 通信作者 :,,. ytwjy@126.com

2 E, [7],,,,,, E, [8],, [9] [10], (Cynolossus semilaevis Günter) (Pleuronectiformes), (Cynoglossidae),,, [11],,, [12],,, 1 1.1,, 53%, 13%, 0 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%, 6, D0 D20 D40 D60 D80 D100, 1, 2 80,, 1.5 mm 2.0 mm, ,, 2, [ (3.70±0.01) g], 18 ( 70 cm, 80 cm, 50 cm ), 40, 3 (07:30 19:30), 1%~2%,,,, 19~20, >6 mg/l, ph 7.6~8.2, 28~32, NO 2 -N<0.1 mg/l, NH 4 -N<0.1 mg/l 68 d, 24 h, 5, 10,,,, 20, 4 4 h, (4000 r/min, 10 min),, (GB/T ); (Leco FP528); (GB/T ); 550 (GB/T ); (PARR 6100) Folch [13], Metcalfe [14], (GC-2010, Hitachi, Japan), [15] supelco 37 (supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA), (TG) (TCHO) (TP) (ALB) (AST) (ALT) (ALP) (Hitachi, 7020) ; (LZM) (SOD) (MDA), (LPS) ( (LPL) (HL))

3 6 : 1197 ; (FAS) : 37, 1 min, 1 μmol 1 : mg 1 μmol 1 : min 1 nmol NADPH 1 ingredient Tab. 1 表 1 饲料配方组成及营养水平 ( 风干基础 ) Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diet (air-dry basis) % 1) fish meal 1) ) soybean meal 2) ) wheat gluten 3) alpha-starch methionine phospholipids fish oil wheat germ oil choline chloride Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) ) vitamin mixture 4) ) mineral mixture 5) ) binder 6) betaine ) antioxidant 7) total nutrient level crude protein crude lipid crude ash /(kj g 1 ) gorss energy : 1) : 65.35%, 7.43%; 2) : 46.42%, 1.43%; 3) : 76.27%, 0.84%; 4) (mg/kg ): VA, 38.0 mg; α, mg;, mg;, mg;, mg;, 88.0 mg; VD 3, 13.3 mg;, mg;, mg;, 10.0 mg;, 20.0 mg; VB 12, 1.3 mg;, mg; 5) (mg/kg ): NaCl, mg; KCl, mg; ZnSO 4 7H 2 O, mg; C 6 H 5 O 7 Fe 5H 2 O, mg; CuSO 4 5H 2 O, 8.0 mg; MgSO 4 7H 2 O, 3570 mg; MnSO 4 4H 2 O, 65.2 mg; KAl(SO 4 ) 2, 11.3 mg; Na 2 SeO 3, 2.3 mg; CoCl 2, 28.0 mg; KI, 7.5mg; NaF, 4.0 mg; NaH 2 PO 4 2H 2 O, mg;, mg; 6) : ; 7) :. Note: 1) Fish meal: protein 65.35%, fat 7.43%; 2) Soybean meal: protein 46.42%, fat 1.43%; 3) Wheat gluten: protein 76.27%, fat 0.84%; 4) Vitamin premix (mg/kg diet): retinol acetate, 38.0 mg; alpha-tocopherol, mg; inositol, mg; thiamin, mg; riboflavin, mg; pyridoxine HCl, 88.0 mg; cholecalciferol, 13.3 mg; pantothenic acid, mg; niacin acid, mg; biotin, 10.0 mg; folic acid, 20.0 mg; vitamin B 12, 1.3 mg; ascorbic acid, mg; 5) Mineral premix (mg/kg diet): NaCl, 100.0mg; KCl, mg; ZnSO 4 7H 2 O, mg; C 6 H 5 O 7 Fe 5H 2 O, mg; CuSO 4 5H 2 O, 8.0 mg; MgSO 4 7H 2 O, 3570 mg; MnSO 4 4H 2 O, 65.2 mg; KAl(SO 4 ) 2, 11.3 mg; Na 2 SeO 3, 2.3 mg; CoCl 2, 28.0 mg; KI, 7.5 mg; NaF, 4.0 mg; NaH 2 PO 4 2H 2 O, mg; Ca-lactate, mg; 6) Binder: sodium alginate; 7) Antioxidant: ethoxyquin.

4 fatty acid fish oil Tab. 2 表 2 鱼油 小麦胚芽油和饲料脂肪酸组成 Fatty acids profile of fish oil, wheat germ oil and diets n=3; x±se; % wheat germ oil C 14: ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.06 C 16: ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.14 C 18: ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.06 SFA 39.63± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.10 C 16: 1n ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.11 C 18: 1n ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.13 C 18: 1n ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.16 C 20: 1n ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.05 C 22: 1n ± ± ± ± ± ±0.04 MUFA 30.94± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.15 C 18: 3n ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.04 C 20: 3n ± ± ±0.04 EPA 5.85± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.06 DPA 0.56± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.03 DHA 8.25± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.09 C 18: 2n ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.18 ARA 0.64± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.05 PUFA 21.17± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.24 n-3pufa 16.27± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.25 n-3hufa 14.66± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.15 n-6pufa 2.85± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.20 n-3/n ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.02 EPA/DHA 0.71± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.03 : SFA: ; MUFA: ; EPA: ; DPA: ; DHA: ; ARA: ; PUFA: ; 0.1%. Note: SFA: saturated fatty acids; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; DPA: docosapentaenoic acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; ARA: arachidonic acid; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; represents the fatty acid content less than 0.1%. 1.4 (survival rate, SR, %)= / 100; (specific growth rate, SGR, % d 1 )= [ln (g) ln (g)]/ (d) 100; (feed conversion ratio, FCR)= (g)/[ (g) (g)] 100; (protein efficiency ratio, PER)=[ (g) (g)]/[ (g) (%)]; (viserosomatic index, VSI, %)= / 100; (hepatosomatic index, HSI, %)= / 100; (condition factor, CF, g/cm 3 )= / SPSS 17.0 (One Way ANOVA), Duncan s, 0.05 ± ( x ± SD) , (SR) 90.83%~

5 6 : 1199 Tab. 3 表 3 小麦胚芽油替代鱼油对半滑舌鳎生长及形体指数的影响 Effects of replacement of fish oil by wheat germ oil on growth performance and body parameters of Cynolossus semilaevis n=3; x±se index /g initial weight 3.71± ± ± ± ± ±0.01 /g final weight 13.51±0.13 a 13.41±0.34 a 13.12±0.34 a 12.67±0.42 b 12.52±0.03 b 11.40±0.18 c /(% d 1 ) SGR 1.87±0.01 a 1.86±0.04 a 1.83±0.04 ab 1.80±0.04 ab 1.76±0.01 b 1.63±0.03 c FCR 0.89±0.02 a 0.91±0.03 ab 0.93±0.06 ab 0.94±0.05 ab 1.02±0.07 bc 1.06±0.05 c PER 2.28±0.06 a 2.21±0.07 ab 2.19±0.13 ab 2.16±0.11 ab 2.00±0.13 bc 1.89±0.10 c SR 95.83± ± ± ± ± ±2.36 /% VSI 4.23± ± ± ± ± ±0.19 /% HIS 0.86± ± ± ± ± ±0.06 /(g cm 3 ) CF 0.68± ± ± ± ± ±0.02 : 3, (P<0.05). Note: Values are means and standard errors of three replicates. Means in each row with different superscripts show significant differences (P<0.05) %, (P>0.05); (SGR) (PER), D80 D100 D0 (P<0.05); (FCR), D80 D100 D0 (P<0.05), D0 (P>0.05); (VSI) (HSI) (CF) (P>0.05) 2.2 4,, D80 D100 D0 (P<0.05), D0 (P>0.05); ; (P>0.05), (P>0.05);, D20 D0 (P>0.05), D0 (P<0.05) 表 4 小麦胚芽油替代鱼油对半滑舌鳎体组成的影响 Tab. 4 Effects of replacement of fish oil by wheat germ oil on body composition of Cynolossus semilaevis n=3; x±se; % index whole fish moisture 77.38±0.32 a 77.54±0.17 a 77.58±0.14 a 77.50±0.29 a 78.06±0.19 b 78.23±0.17 b crude protein 14.84± ± ± ± ± ±0.20 crude lipid 5.65±0.19 a 5.47±0.07 a 5.33±0.07 ab 5.29±0.22 ab 5.03±0.23 bc 4.79±0.18 c crude ash 1.86± ± ± ± ± ±0.02 muscle moisture 79.65± ± ± ± ± ±0.25 crude protein 17.44± ± ± ± ± ±0.21 crude lipid 1.32± ± ± ± ± ±0.17 crude ash 1.21± ± ± ± ± ±0.05 liver moisture 73.48± ± ± ± ± ±0.66 crude protein 15.04± ± ± ± ± ±0.28 crude lipid 1.29±0.12 a 1.44±0.15 ab 1.67±0.12 bc 2.05±0.19 cd 2.32±0.10 d 2.79±0.25 e : 3, (P<0.05). Note: Values are means and standard errors of three replicates. Means in each row with different superscripts show significant differences (P<0.05).

6 ( 5, 6, 7), (C 18:2n-6 ) (C 18:3n-3 ) (P<0.05); n-3 (P<0.05); n-3/n-6(pufa) 2.6~ ~0.6(P<0.05); EPA/DHA (P>0.05), ; C 18:1n-9 /n-3hufa (P<0.05), C 18:1n-9 /n-3hufa 2.4 8, (ALT) (AST) (ALP) (P>0.05); (TG) (TCHO), D60 D80 D100 D0 (P<0.05); (LZM) (P>0.05); (MDA), D20 D0 (P>0.05), D0 (P<0.05) Tab. 5 表 5 小麦胚芽油替代鱼油对半滑舌鳎鱼体脂肪酸组成的影响 Effects of replacement of fish oil by wheat germ oil on fatty acid composition in the body of Cynolossus semilaevis n=3; x±se; % fatty acid C 14:0 5.27±0.15 a 4.55±0.06 b 4.05±0.06 c 3.42±0.04 d 2.76±0.10 e 2.23±0.08 f C 16: ±0.18 a 19.16±0.08 b 18.75±0.12 c 18.20±0.04 d 17.92±0.17 d 17.54±0.16 e C 18:0 3.58±0.05 a 3.51±0.03 ab 3.40±0.04 bc 3.34±0.09 cd 3.20±0.07 de 3.23±0.05 e SFA 29.61±0.26 a 28.22±0.04 b 27.2±0.19 c 25.96±0.10 d 24.89±0.28 e 23.99±0.23 f C 16:1n ±0.11 a 5.54±0.03 b 5.07±0.08 c 4.35±0.10 d 3.74±0.10 e 3.06±0.15 f C 18:1n ± ± ± ± ± ±0.10 C 18:1n ±0.10 a 3.60b±0.04 b 3.40±0.07 c 3.12±0.06 d 2.99±0.09 d 2.81±0.08 e C 20:1n ±0.08 a 1.36±0.08 a 1.20±0.04 b 1.03±0.04 c 0.95±0.07 cd 0.83±0.09 d C 22:1n ±0.07 a 1.02±0.02 b 0.83±0.07 c 0.58±0.03 d 0.38±0.03 e 0.24±0.03 f MUFA 26.39±0.14 a 24.83±0.06 b 23.9±0.15 c 22.34±0.23 d 21.4±0.19 e 20.13±0.27 f C 20:2n ±0.05 a 1.75±0.01 b 1.51±0.04 c 1.24±0.02 d 0.83±0.03 e 0.59±0.03 f C 18:3n ±0.09 a 2.07±0.06 b 2.28±0.05 c 2.52±0.09 d 2.72±0.08 e 2.94±0.07 f EPA 7.40±0.05 a 6.47±0.12 b 5.68±0.12 c 5.10±0.13 d 4.11±0.11 e 3.52±0.08 f DPA 1.92±0.04 a 1.77±0.04 b 1.64±0.08 bc 1.57±0.06 c 1.35±0.09 d 1.19±0.06 e DHA 12.81±0.12 a 11.39±0.1 b 9.91±0.14 c 8.79±0.21 d 7.32±0.13 e 6.30±0.09 f C 18:2n ±0.33 a 14.56±0.15 b 19.63±0.34 c 25.22±0.42 d 31.12±0.47 e 35.24±0.27 f ARA 0.93±0.01 a 0.81±0.01 b 0.72±0.02 c 0.66±0.05 c 0.55±0.03 d 0.45±0.04 e PUFA 34.9±0.46 a 38.81±0.20 b 41.38±0.50 c 45.1±0.16 d 48.00±0.25 e 50.23±0.40 f n-3pufa 23.91±0.16 a 21.70±0.17 b 19.52±0.29 c 17.98±0.21 d 15.50±0.23 e 13.95±0.09 f n-6pufa 9.00±0.35 a 15.36±0.16 b 20.35±0.36 c 25.88±0.37 d 31.67±0.45 e 35.70±0.30 f n-3/n ±0.09 a 1.41±0.02 b 0.96±0.02 c 0.69±0.02 d 0.49±0.01 e 0.39±0.00 f EPA/DHA 0.58± ± ± ± ± ±0.02 C 18:1n-9 /n-3hufa 0.61±0.01 a 0.68±0.01 b 0.78±0.02 c 0.86±0.02 d 1.04±0.03 e 1.20±0.01 f : 3, (P<0.05). Note: Values are means and standard errors of three replicates. Means in each row with different superscripts show significant differences (P<0.05).

7 6 : 1201 表 6 小麦胚芽油替代鱼油对半滑舌鳎肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响 Tab. 6 Effects of replacement of fish oil by wheat germ oil on fatty acid composition in the muscle of Cynolossus semilaevis n=3; x±se; % fatty acid C 14:0 4.23±0.08 a 3.81±0.11 b 3.18±0.07 c 2.53±0.03 d 2.10±0.04 e 1.73±0.04 f C 16: ±0.20 a 20.32±0.14 b 19.61±0.43 c 18.73±0.32 d 18.20±0.41 de 17.73±0.23 e C 18:0 4.95±0.07 a 4.79±0.07 ab 4.66±0.07 b 4.43±0.10 c 4.35±0.09 c 4.31±0.06 c SFA 30.81±0.13 a 28.92±0.27 b 27.45±0.29 c 25.86±0.55 d 24.65±0.64 e 23.77±0.46 f C 16:1n ±0.16 a 4.93±0.21 a 4.02±0.19 b 3.22±0.14 c 2.74±0.05 d 2.37±0.13 e C 18:1n ±0.24 a 13.73±0.24 a 13.09±0.18 b 12.52±0.21 c 12.47±0.11 c 12.62±0.26 c C 18:1n ±0.05 a 3.38±0.09 a 3.27±0.14 a 2.96±0.12 b 2.67±0.16 c 2.59±0.06 c C 20:1n ±0.04 a 1.55±0.03 b 1.26±0.06 c 1.19±0.05 c 1.04±0.03 d 0.91±0.06 e C 22:1n ±0.07 a 0.99±0.05 b 0.8±0.06 c 0.55±0.02 d 0.38±0.06 e 0.28±0.07 e MUFA 25.79±0.07 a 24.57±0.37 b 22.43±0.05 c 20.43±0.07 d 19.31±0.25 e 18.76±0.20 f C 20:2n ±0.05 a 0.95±0.02 a 0.83±0.04 b 0.65±0.01 c 0.54±0.01 d 0.40±0.03 e C 18:3n ±0.06 a 1.66±0.09 b 1.78±0.07 bc 1.93±0.03 c 2.15±0.05 d 2.18±0.07 d EPA 7.07±0.25 a 6.09±0.28 b 5.67±0.48 bc 5.23±0.08 c 4.50±0.15 d 3.63±0.17 e DPA 1.81±0.01 a 1.61±0.04 c 1.67±0.02 b 1.61±0.03 c 1.37±0.02 d 1.28±0.01 e DHA 13.07±0.51 a 10.46±0.69 b 9.92±0.29 bc 8.95±0.38 c 7.38±0.07 d 6.26±0.52 e C 18:2n ±0.16 a 14.2±0.30 b 18.26±0.52 c 23.37±0.35 d 28.62±0.13 e 32.46±0.14 f ARA 0.81± ± ± ± ± ±0.09 PUFA 31.07±0.82 a 35.96±0.43 b 39.04±0.31 c 42.68±0.14 d 45.38±0.27 e 46.97±0.18 f n-3pufa 23.56±0.40 a 20.13±0.08 b 19.25±0.37 c 17.89±0.31 d 15.61±0.06 e 13.54±0.21 f n-6pufa 7.98±0.40 a 14.98±0.27 b 18.95±0.51 c 24.13±0.28 d 29.23±0.20 e 33.03±0.06 f n-3/n ±0.11 a 1.34±0.02 b 1.02±0.05 c 0.74±0.02 d 0.53±0.00 e 0.41±0.01 f EPA/DHA 0.54± ± ± ± ± ±0.04 C 18:1n-9 /n-3hufa 0.64±0.02 a 0.75±0.05 ab 0.75±0.04 ab 0.78±0.01 b 0.93±0.04 c 1.12±0.10 d : 3, (P<0.05). Note: Values are means and standard errors of three replicates. Means in each row with different superscripts show significant differences (P<0.05) , (LPL), D60 D80 D100 D0 (P<0.05), D0 (P>0.05); (HL) (TL) (FAS), D80 D100 D0 (P<0.05), D0 (P>0.05) (LPS), D60 D80 D100 D0 (P<0.05) 3 3.1,, ( 60%) Izquierdo [16] 60%, 80% Bowyer [17] 鰤 (Seriola lalandi),, Turchini [18],, 60%~75%,,,, n-3hufa PUFA n-3hufa [16] Morais [20] (Solea senegalensis), n-3hufa

8 Tab. 7 表 7 小麦胚芽油替代鱼油对半滑舌鳎肝脂肪酸组成的影响 Effects of replacement of fish oil by wheat germ oil on fatty acid composition in the liver of Cynolossus semilaevis n=3; x±se; % fatty acid C 14:0 1.74±0.04 a 1.39±0.09 b 1.29±0.04 b 1.15±0.04 c 0.91±0.04 d 0.74±0.02 e C 16: ±0.22 a 18.35±0.29 b 17.91±0.07 cd 17.68±0.15 cd 17.18±0.42 c 15.79±0.55 d C 18: ±0.08 a 13.22±0.08 b 13.25±0.31 b 13.23±0.10 b 13.08±0.03 b 13.00±0.03 b SFA 36.37±0.18 a 34.31±0.18 b 33.67±0.35 bc 33.18±0.11 cd 32.14±0.43 d 30.36±0.53 e C 16:1n ±0.04 a 1.37±0.07 b 1.25±0.06 c 1.04±0.06 d 0.91±0.05 e 0.74±0.00 f C 18:1n ±0.20 a 7.22±0.05 a 6.89±0.18 b 6.76±0.35 b 6.65±0.02 b 6.54±0.02 b C 18:1n ±0.06 a 2.61±0.04 b 2.41±0.04 c 2.31±0.13 c 2.14±0.06 d 1.96±0.08 e C 20:1n ±0.05 a 0.72±0.04 b 0.66±0.02 b 0.59±0.02 c 0.47±0.00 d 0.41±0.01 d C 22:1n ±0.01 a 0.33±0.01 b 0.29±0.03 c 0.19±0.01 d 0.11±0.01 e MUFA 13.56±0.28 a 12.26±0.12 b 11.5±0.25 c 10.89±0.55 d 10.27±0.07 e 9.65±0.11 f C 20:2n ±0.01 a 0.21±0.01 b 0.17±0.01 c 0.14±0.00 d 0.09±0.01 e C 18:3n ±0.01 a 0.67±0.01 b 0.72±0.02 c 0.74±0.02 c 0.83±0.01 d 0.89±0.03 e EPA 11.51±0.18 a 10.6±0.16 b 9.39±0.30 c 7.74±0.15 d 7.02±0.09 e 6.17±0.07 f DPA 1.67±0.01 a 1.64±0.03 ab 1.53±0.08 bc 1.47±0.06 cd 1.41±0.03 d 1.40±0.09 d DHA 18.03±0.17 a 17.42±0.28 b 16.8±0.19 c 14.17±0.11 d 12.91±0.26 e 11.44±0.12 f C 18:2n ±0.29 a 14.03±0.28 b 17.54±0.17 c 22.54±0.21 d 27.88±0.44 e 32.65±0.45 f ARA 3.34±0.05 a 3.15±0.03 b 3.04±0.05 c 2.63±0.03 d 2.36±0.05 e 2.10±0.01 f PUFA 43.06±0.42 a 47.86±0.77 b 49.44±0.19 c 49.58±0.35 c 52.65±0.38 d 54.9±0.56 e n-3pufa 31.86±0.07 a 30.47±0.46 b 28.69±0.20 c 24.27±0.20 d 22.32±0.16 e 20.15±0.10 f n-6pufa 10.97±0.34 a 17.18±0.31 b 20.57±0.21 c 25.17±0.18 d 30.24±0.39 e 34.75±0.46 f n-3/n ±0.08 a 1.77±0.01 b 1.39±0.02 c 0.96±0.01 d 0.74±0.01 e 0.58±0.01 f EPA/DHA 0.64±0.02 a 0.61±0.00 a 0.56±0.02 b 0.55±0.01 b 0.54±0.02 b 0.54±0.01 b C 18:1n-9 /n-3hufa 0.25±0.01 a 0.24±0.01 a 0.25±0.01 a 0.29±0.02 b 0.31±0.00 c 0.34±0.00 d : 3, (P<0.05). Note: Values are means and standard errors of three replicates. Means in each row with different superscripts show significant differences (P<0.05). Tab. 8 表 8 小麦胚芽油替代鱼油对半滑舌鳎血清生化指标的影响 Effects of replacement of fish oil by wheat germ oil on plasma parameters of Cynolossus semilaevis n=9; x±se index /(U L 1 ) ALT 29.97± ± ± ± ± ±2.79 /(U L 1 ) AST ± ± ± ± ± ±31.60 /(mmol L 1 ) TG 3.36±0.18 a 3.41±0.09 a 3.39±0.13 a 3.57±0.10 ab 3.75±0.15 b 3.85±0.11 b /(mmol L 1 ) TCHO 2.22±0.25 a 2.25±0.23 a 2.43±0.27 a 2.75±0.31 ab 3.05±0.21 b 3.29±0.13 b /(U L 1 ) ALP 28.50± ± ± ± ± ±6.00 /(U ml 1 ) LZM ± ± ± ± ± ±18.13 /(nmol ml 1 ) MDA 17.13±0.40 a 16.86±1.20 a 13.35±0.78 b 8.22±0.79 c 7.67±0.71 c 5.58±0.57 d : 3, (P<0.05). Note: Values are means and standard errors of three replicates. Means in each row with different superscripts show significant differences (P<0.05).

9 6 : 1203 Tab. 9 表 9 小麦胚芽油替代鱼油对半滑舌鳎脂肪代谢酶活性的影响 Effects of replacement of fish oil by wheat germ oil on lipid metabolism enzyme activities of Cynolossus semilaevis n=9; x±se liver index /(U mg 1 ) LPL 12.65±1.19 a 13.20±1.73 ab 14.26±1.30 abc 15.55±1.45 bc 16.40±1.88 bc 17.20±1.71 c /(U mg 1 ) HL 22.43±0.86 a 23.75±1.67 ab 24.54±2.32 abc 26.00±0.89 abc 27.59±2.04 bc 29.36±3.70 c /(U mg 1 ) TL 35.08±1.70 a 36.95±2.88 ab 38.90±3.14 abc 41.55±2.34 abc 43.99±3.89 bc 46.56±5.22 c /(nmol g 1 ) FAS 3.81±0.14 a 3.93±0.20 ab 4.10±0.20 abc 4.19±0.12 abc 4.30±0.16 bc 4.36±0.13 c gut /(U g 1 ) LPS ±26.10 a ±14.76 ab ±20.41 abc ±16.08 bcd ±11.75 cd ±18.86 d : 3, (P<0.05). Note: Values are means and standard errors of three replicates. Means in each row with different superscripts show significant differences (P<0.05). 鲌 (Erythroculter ilishaeformis) [21], n-3hufa n-3hufa (DHA) (EPA),, [19] C 18 n-3hufa, n-3hufa [20] n-3hufa, n-3hufa 0.8% [21] ; 0.9% [22] ; 0.8%~1% [23] ; n-3hufa 2.5% [24] ; n-3hufa, n-3hufa [25], n-6pufa, n-3hufa,, n-3hufa, n-3hufa 2.48% 2.34% 2.00% 1.71% 1.33% 0.98%,,, n-3hufa 1.33%, n-3hufa, n-3hufa 3.2,,, PUFA,,,, [26] ;, C 18:2n-6 ( 60.7%), n-3/n-6(pufa), PUFA,,, [27], [28 30],,, 4.79%~ 5.65%, 1.28%~1.50%,,, ;,,,, [31],,,,, (Na + Cl ), (Mg 2+

10 SO 4 Ca 2+ ), [32] 80%,,,,,,, 3.3, SFA MUFA n-3hufa, PUFA C 18:1n-9 /n-3hufa [33] [37], n-3hufa C 18:1n-9 /n-3 HUFA, n-3hufa, C 18:1n-9 /n-3 HUFA, n-3 HUFA, C 18:1n-9 /n-3hufa C 18:1n-9 /n-3hufa, EPA DHA ARA C 18:1n-9 60%, C 18:1n-9 /n-3hufa, 60%, C 18: 1n-9 /n- 3HUFA, 60%, n-3hufa EPA DHA, EPA/DHA 0.55~0.60,, EPA/DHA , EPA DHA, DHA EPA EPA/DHA 0.54, EPA/DHA 0.55, EPA/DHA ARA, [35] ARA, ARA, ARA 3.4 (AST) (ALT),,,,,,,, EPA DHA [36],, [40] (ALP), [38] (LZM), ALP LZM,, MDA, [39], MDA, 3.5 β-, (LPL) (HL), LPL [40] HL,

11 6 : 1205, [41], LPL HL, [45],, LPL, LPL, HL (FAS), n-3pufa, FAS [43], n-3pufa FAS n-6pufa [44], Clarke [48],, (LPS),,, 4, (60%),,, 参考文献 : [1] Thanuthong T, Francis D S, Senadheera S D, et al. Fish oil replacement in rainbow trout diets and total dietary PUFA content: I) Effects on feed efficiency, fat deposition and the efficiency of a finishing strategy[j]. Aquaculture, 2011, 320(1 2): [2] Ng W K, Chong C Y, Wang Y, et al, Effects of dietary fish and vegetable oils on the growth, tissue fatty acid composition, oxidative stability and vitamin E content of red hybrid tilapia and efficacy of using fish oil finishing diets[j]. Aquaculture, 2013, : [3] Tocher D R, Bell J G, Dick J R, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) undergoing parr-smolt transformation and the effects of dietary linseed and rapeseed oils[j]. Fish Physiol Biochem, 2000, 23(1): [4] Benedito-Palos L, Saera-Vila A, Calduch-Giner J A, et al. Combined replacement of fish meal and oil in practical diets for fast growing juveniles of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.): Networking of systemic and local components of GH/IGF axis[j]. Aquaculture, 2007, 267(1 4): [5] Xie D Z, Wang S Q, You C H, et al. Influencing factors and mechanisms on HUFA biosynthesis in teleosts[j]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2013, 20(2): [,,,. [J]., 2013, 20(2): ] [6] Qin C J, Xie J, Wang Y M, et al. The effect of vegetable oil replacement of fish oil on lipid metabolism in fish[j]. Transaction of Oceanology and Limnology, 2013(4): [,,,. [J]., 2013(4): ] [7] Hu P, Cai R B, Wang W L, et al. Advances in extraction process of wheat germ oil[j]. Food and Nutrition in China, 2009(2): [,,,. [J]., 2009(2): ] [8] Zhu K X, Zhu Z, Zhou H M. Review of research progress on oil and protein in wheat germ[j]. Cereals & Oils, 2006(7): 6 9.[,,. [J]., 2006(7): 6 9.] [9] Gorusupudi A, Baskaran V. Wheat germ oil: A potential facilitator to improve lutein bioavailability in mice[j]. Nutrition, 2013, 29(5): [10] Chang C L, Haas E, Mina A M M, et al. Dietary wheat germ oil and age influences fatty acid compositions in adult oriental fruit flies[j]. J Asia-Pac Entomol, 2013, 16(3): [11] Li S Z, Wang H M. Fauna Sinica Ostichthyes Pleuronectiforms[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1995, 68: [,. : [M]. :, 1995, 68: ] [12] Chang Q. Studies on the nutritional physiology and development of artifical microdiets of tongue sole (Cynolossus semilaevis) larvae and post-larvae[d]. Qindao: Ocean University of China, 2006.[. [D]. :, 2006.] [13] Folch J, Lees M, Stanley G H S. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues[j]. J Biol Chem, 1957, 226: [14] Metcalfe L D, Schmitz A A, Pelka J R. Rapid preparation of fatty acid esters from lipides for gas chromatographic analysis[j]. Anal Chem, 1966, 38(3): [15] Ma J J, Wang J Y, Sun J Z, et al. Effect of dietary DHA to EPA ratios on growth performance, body composition and serum physiological parameters in juvenile Platichthys stel-

12 latus[j]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2014, 38(2): [,,,. DHA/EPA [J]., 2014, 38(2): ] [16] Izquierdo M S, Montero D, Robaina L, et al. Alterations in fillet fatty acid profile and flesh quality in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed vegetable oils for a long term period. Recovery of fatty acid profiles by fish oil feeding[j]. Aquaculture, 2005, 250(1 2): [17] Bowyer J N, Qin J G, Smullen R P, et al. Replacement of fish oil by poultry oil and canola oil in yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) at optimal and suboptimal temperatures[j]. Aquaculture, 2012, : [18] Turchini G M, Torstensen B E, Ng W K. Fish oil replacement in finfish nutrition[j]. Rev Aquac, 2009, 1(1): [19] Xu Y Q, Zhong M, Ding Z K. Influence and mechanism of poly unsaturated fatty acids on fish feed conversion ratio[j]. Feed Industry, 2010, 31(8): [,,. [J]., 2010, 31(8): ] [20] Morais S, Caballero M J, Conçeicão L E C, et al. Dietary neutral lipid level and source in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae: Effect on growth, lipid metabolism and digestive capacity[j]. Comp Biochem Physiol B: Biochem Mol Biol, 2006, 144: [21] Xiang X, Zhou X H, Chen J, et al. Effects of dietary lipid levels on the activity of digestive enzymes of juvenile Erythroculter ilishaeformis[j]. Journal of Beijing Fisheries, 2008(5): [,,,. 鲌 [J]., 2008(5): ] [22] Sargent J, Bell G, McEvoy L, et al. Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish[j]. Aquaculture, 1999, 177(1 4): [23] Sargent J R, Bell J G, Henderson R J, et al. Origins and function of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine organisms[m]//ceve G, Palatauf F, Ed. Phospholipids: Characterization, Metabolism and Novel Biological Applications. Champaign: American Oil Chemical Society Press, 1995: [24] Gatesoupe F J, Leger C, Boudon M, et al. Lipid feeding of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.): 2.Influence on growth of supplementation with methyl-esters of linolenic acid and fatty acids of ω 9 series[j]. Ann Hydrobiol, 1977, 8(2): [25] Lee S M, Lee J H, Kim K D. Effect of dietary essential fatty acids on growth, body composition and blood chemistry of juvenile starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus)[j]. Aquaculture, 2003, 225(1 4): [26] Kim K D, Lee S M. Requirement of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids for juvenile flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)[j]. Aquaculture, 2004, 229(1 4): [27] Liu X W, Mai K S, Ai Q H. Advances in nutrition physiology of flatfish[j]. China Feed, 2011(14): [,,. [J]., 2011(14): ] [28] Li M Z, Ma H M. Essential fatty acid synthesis ability of marine fish[j]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2010, 40(Sup.): [,. [J]., 2010, 40( ): ] [29] Ye H, Wang J W, Luo H. Effect and mechanism of PUFA on the expression of lipid metabolism gene[j]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science, 2006, 34(15): [,,. PUFA [J]., 2006, 34(15): ] [30] Zhu Q G, Lin J B, Huang Z C, et al. Effects of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids on growth and muscle fatty acid composition of juvenile grouper (Epinephlus coioides) [J]. Journal of Guangdong Ocean University, 2012, 32(4): [,,,. n-3 HUFA [J]., 2012, 32(4): ] [31] Gao C R, Lei J L. Effects of different lipids on growth, survival and tissue fatty acid composition of juvenile Pagrosomus major[j]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 1999, 6(3): [,. [J]., 1999, 6(3): ] [32] Peng M, Xu W, Mai K S, et al. Growth performance, fatty acids composition and lipid deposition in juvenile turbot(scophthalmus maximus) fed diets with various fish oil substitution levels by linseed oil[j]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2014, 38(8): [,,,. [J]., 2014, 38(8): ] [33] Bell J G, Tocher D R, Farndale B M, et al. The effect of dietary lipid on polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) undergoing parr-smolt transformation[j]. Lipids, 1997, 32(5): [34] Han F F, Wang Y Z. The application of essential fatty acids in the feed of fish and shrimp[j]. Feed Research, 2004(1): [,. [J]., 2004(1): ] [35] Zhang C J, Shi Z H, Wang J G, et al. On salinity-related

13 6 : 1207 effects on osmoregulation mechanism in marine teleost[j]. Marine Fisheries, 2013, 35(1): [,,,. [J]., 2013, 35(1): ] [36] Watanabe T, Takeuchi T, Arakawa T, et al. Requirement of juvenile striped jack Longirostris delicatissimus for n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids[j]. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 1989, 55: [37] Liu X W, Tan B P, Mai K S, et al. Effects of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids on growth and fatty acid composition of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum)[j]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2007, 31(2): [,,,. n-3hufa [J]., 2007, 31(2): ] [38] Zhu M, Yu J L. Application of arachidonic acid in aquatic feed[j]. China Feed, 2005(5): [,. [J]., 2005(5): ] [39] Tang C H, Xu J X, Peng Z Y. Recent research of fatty acids nutrition and function[j]. China Oils and Fats, 2000, 25 (6): [,,. [J]., 2000, 25 (6): ] [40] Gao L J, Shi Z H, Ai C X. Effect of dietary lipid sources on the serum biochemical indices of Acipenser schrenckii juvenile[j]. Marine Fisheries, 2005, 27(4): [,,. [J]., 2005, 27( 4): ] [41] Yano T. The non-specific immune system: humoral defense[c]//iwama G, Nakanishi T, Eds. The fish immune system: organism, pathogen and environment, San Diego: Academic Press, 1996: [42] Wang C M, Luo L, Zhang G Z, et al. Effect of dietary lipid level on growth, body composition and antioxidant capacity of juvenile Chinese sucker (Myxocyprinus asiaticus)[j]. Freshwater Fisheries, 2010, 40(5): [,,,. [J]., 2010, 40(5): ] [43] Zechner R. The tissue-specific expression of lipoprotein lipase: implications for energy and lipoprotein metabolism [J]. Curr Opin Lipidology, 1997, 8(2): [44] Choi S Y, Goldberg I J, Curtiss L K, et al. Interaction between ApoB and hepatic lipase mediates the uptake of ApoB-containing lipoproteins[j]. J Biol Chem, 1998, 273(32): [45] Liang X F, Li Y Q, Li G S, et al. Cis-acting element and in vivo regulation of lipoprotein lipase gene of red sea bream pagrosomus major[j]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2004, 23(4): [,,,. PPRE [J]., 2004, 23(4): ] [46] Gélineau A, Corraze G, Boujard T, et al. Relation between dietary lipid level and voluntary feed intake, growth, nutrient gain, lipid deposition and hepatic lipogenesis in rainbow trout[j]. Reprod Nutr Dev, 2001, 41: [47] Smith D R, Knabe D A, Smith S B. Depression of lipogenesis in swine adipose tissue by specific dietary fatty acids[j]. J Anim Sci, 1996, 74: [48] Clarke S D. Regulation of fatty acid synthase gene expression: an approach for reducing fat accumulation[j]. J Anim Sci, 1993, 71:

14 Effects of replacing fish oil with wheat germ oil on growth performance, body composition, serum biochemical indices, and lipid metabolic enzymes in juvenile Cynoglossus semilaevis Günter HUANG Yu 1, 2, WANG Jiying 2, LI Baoshan 2, HAO Tiantian 2, 3, XIA Bin 2, SUN Yongzhi 2, WEI Jiali 1, 2, WANG Shixin 2, ZHANG Limin 2 1. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai , China; 2. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai , China; 3. Shengsuo Fishery Feed Research Centre of Shangdong Province, Yantai , China Abstract: A 68-d feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fish oil with dietary wheat germ oilon growth, body composition, serum biochemical indices, and lipid metabolic enzymesin juvenile Cynoglossus semilaevis Günter [initial body weight, (3.70±0.01) g]. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were formulated with 0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% replacement of the fish oil with wheat germ oil. Survival rate was similar among the fish fed the different diets (P>0.05). Specific growth rate and the protein efficiency ratio decreased with increasing replacement level; the 80% and 100% replacement groups were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05), whereas the feed conversion ratio showed a reverse trend [80% and 100% replacement groups were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05)]. No significant differences were observed in the viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, or condition factor (P>0.05). Liver fat content increased with increasing replacement level, whereas whole fish fat content decreased; whole fish water content in the 80% and 100% replacement groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Muscle and liver C 18: 3n-3 and C 18: 2n-6 concentrations increased significantly with increasing wheat germ oil level (P<0.05), whereas C 20: 5n-3 and C 22: 6n-3 concentrations decreased significantly (P<0.05). No differences in serum glutamic-pyruvate transaminase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, or alkaline phosphatase (P>0.05) were detected. Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels decreased with increasing replacement level; the 80% and 100% replacement groups were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in serum lysozyme activity (P>0.05), but serum malondialdehyde content decreased. Hepatopancreas lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, fatty acid synthase, and intestinal lipase activities increased with increasing replacement level. These results suggest that wheat germ oil can replace 60% of fish oil without significantly affecting growth of juvenile C. semilaevis Günter. Wheat germ oil promoted body fat metabolism and inhibited lipid peroxidation but significantly changed fatty acid composition in tissues. Key words: Cynoglossus semilaevis Günter; wheat germ oil; fish oil; growth; body composition; serum biochemistry; fat-metabolizing enzymes Corresponding author: WANG Jiying. ytwjy@126.com