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1 South China Fisheries Science Vol. 12, No. 2 Apr., 2016 doi: / j. issn ,,,, (,,, ) : ( Pinctada maxima),,,, %, m - 2, gm - 2, %, m - 2, gm - 2, %, m - 2, 0. 3 m - 2, 390 g m - 2,, : ; ; : S : A : ( 2016) Preliminary analysis of Pinctada maxima in nature reserves along coastal area in the northern South China Sea WANG Xinxing, CHEN Zuozhi, HUANG Zirong, XU Shannan, CHEN Tao ( Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resource & Environment; Key Lab. of South China Sea Fishery Resource Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou , China) Abstract: Pinctada maxima, a first class national protected wild animal with high social, economic and ecological value, is a unique pearl oyster species in the South China Sea. The distribution and status of P. maxima resources were investigated by diving section method in Yangpu and Lingao Pearl oyster Nature Reserve and western Leizhou Peninsula Nature Reserve. The results show that frequency of P. maxima was % in Lingao waters. Habitat density ranged from 0 to indm - 2. Biomass ranged from 0 to gm - 2 in Lingao waters. Frequency of P. maxima was % in Yangpu waters. Habitat density ranged from0 to indm - 2. Biomass ranged from 0 to gm - 2. Frequency of P. maxima was % in west Leizhou waters. Most stations habitat density ranged from to indm - 2 and the maximum habitat density was indm - 2. The maximum biomass was 390 gm - 2 in west Leizhou waters. The analysis reveals that the current age structure of P. maxima is relatively unreasonable, which indicates that the stock structure has been destroyed and its recovery ability is weak. Key words: Pinctada maxima; nature reserve; resource distribution : ; : : ( ) ( ) ; ( 2011B ) ; ( ) : ( ),,,, wangxinxing@ scsfri. ac. cn : ( ),,,, zzchen2000@ 163. com

2 : 111 ( Pinctada maxima), 13, 11,,,,,, 15, 25 cm, 32 1. 2 cm, 4 5 kg 1-2],,, 3-7] 24] 25-26],,, 10 25 8] min, 1, 5 m 4 m, 20 m 2 2011 10, 9-22],,, ( ) 20 80,,, ; ( 1, mm) 23],, ( 0. 01 g),,, 2011 1.

2 2 : 111 ( Pinctada maxima), 13, 11,,,,,, 15, 25 cm, cm, 4 5 kg 1-2],,, 3-7] 24] 25-26],,, ] min, 1, 5 m 4 m, 20 m , 9-22],,, ( ) 20 80,,, ; ( 1, mm) 23],, ( g),,, , , ( mm) ,,, 1,, 1. 1, ( gm - 2 ), ( m - 2 ) , E E N N; E E N N; 1) E E N , 1 2 N 1 44, 6, % 1 ( a) ( b) Fig. 1 Distribution of sampling stations in Yangpu and Lingao waters ( a), Leizhou Peninsula waters ( b)

112 12 1 Tab. 1 Biomass and habitat density of P.

3 Tab. 1 Biomass and habitat density of P. maxima in Lingao and Yangpu waters Lingao waters Yangpu waters stations longitude latitude / gm - 2 / m - 2 biomass habitat density stations longitude latitude / gm - 2 / m - 2 biomass habitat density S0 S1 S2 S3 S5 S6 S8 S10 S12 S14 S S S S S S S S S S S S S30 S ( a) ( b) Fig. 2 Distribution of habitat density ( a) and biomass ( b) in Lingao and Yangpu waters S10 ( ), m - 2 ; m - 2 ; S5 ( ), S14, m - 2 ; m - 2, 5 S10, gm - 2 ; S5, 13 ( m - 2 S30 ), , 2,, %, S27, S27, m - 2 ; m - 2 S24, 2) 1 2,, gm - 2 ; S g gm - 2 ; S24, g m - 2

4 2 : ) C C2, 0. 2 m - 2 ; 20, 2 3, % m - 2, B B5 C C2, 0. 3 m - 2 ; B B1B2 7 B > C > A > D 2 Tab. 2 Biomass and habitat density of P. maxima in Leizhou Peninsula waters section station longitude latitude /gm - 2 biomass / m - 2 habitat density A( ) core zone A A2 A3 A4 A B( ) core zone B B2 B3 B4 B C( ) core zone C C2 C3 C4 C D( ) buffer zone D D2 D3 D4 D ) 2 3 C2, 390 gm - 2 ; B5, gm - 2 ;, B > C > A > D 3) mm,, 18 m mm, 57. 1% ( 4) 4),,, m,,, 1, 85. 7%, ( 5) 3, 25 m,,, 6,,

114 12 3 ( a) ( b) Fig. 3 Distribution of P. maxima habitat density ( a) and biomass ( b) in Leizhou Peninsula waters Fig. 4 Fig. 5 3. 3 5, Frequency distribution of age composition of P.

5 ( a) ( b) Fig. 3 Distribution of P. maxima habitat density ( a) and biomass ( b) in Leizhou Peninsula waters Fig. 4 Fig , Frequency distribution of age composition of P. maxima,, m,, m,,,, 27] 3. 2,,,,, 11, 6,,, %, 0,, m - 2 ; 13, 2, %, m , 20 80, , / 10,,, %, 4 100% ; m - 2, Frequency distribution of shell length of P. maxima m - 2, 390 gm ,,, mm 57. 1% 1,,,,,, ;, 27] 7]

2 : 115 ;, 15],,., : 17] WU X, PAN J. Studies on rickettsia-like organism disease of the 1],,. M]. : tropical marine pearl oyster I: the fine structure and morphogenesis, 1996: 136-141.

6 2 : 115 ;, 15],,., : 17] WU X, PAN J. Studies on rickettsia-like organism disease of the 1],,. M]. : tropical marine pearl oyster I: the fine structure and morphogenesis, 1996: of Pinctada maxima pathogen rickettsia-like organism J]. J Invertebr Pathol, 1999, 73 : ]. J]., 1978, 14 : ] HE M, HUANG L, SHI J, et al. Variability of ribosomal DNA 3],,,. ITS-2 and its utility in detecting genetic relatedness of pearl oyster J]., 2001, 25( 5) : J]. Mar Biotechnol, 2005, 7( 1) : ]. C]. : 19] BENZIE J A H, SMITH C, SUGAMA K. Mitochondrial DNA re-, 1987: veals genetic 5],,,. M]. :, 1990: ]. J]., 2004 ( 3) : J]., 2014, 33 7],,,. M]. :, 2006 : 21],,, ],. J]., 2009, 33 ( 2 ) : ] 22],,,.. 3 J]., 1996, 16 ( 2 ) : 1-6. J]., 2014, 35( 3) : J]. ( ), 1996, 42 ( 2) : ],,. 11] ROSE R A, BAKER S B. Larval and spat culture of the Western J]., 2014( 2) : Australian silver- or goldlip pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima Jameson 24] 908. M]. :, 2006: ( Mollusca: Pteriidae) J]. Aquaculture, 1994, 126( 1) : ] TAYLOR J J, SOUTHGATE P C, ROSE R A. Assessment of artificial substrates for collection of hatchery-reared silver-lip pearl oyster ( Pinctada maxima, Jameson) spat J]. Aquaculture, 1998, 162 ( 3) : margaritifera, 13],,. J]. Sci, 2000, 54 ( 1) : , 2000, 24( 10) : ],. 14],,,. J]., 2003, 23( 4) : J]., 1999( 2 ) : ],,. J]., 2003, 12( 1 ) : differentiation between Australian and Indonesian pearl oyster Pinctada maxima ( Jameson 1901) Shellf Res, 2003, 22 ( 3) : populations J]. J 20],,,. Hg 2 + Cd 2 + ( 3) : J]., 2011, 7 ( 1 ) : 25],,,. J]., 2014, 22 ( 5) : ] RODGERS S K, SIMS N A, SARVER D J, et al. Distribution, recruitment, and growth of the black-lip pearl oyster, Pinctada in Kane ohe Bay, J]., 1983( 3 ) : O ahu, Hawaii J]. Pacific

48 5 ( Pinctada) ( P. fucata ), 3 [ 7 ] ( P. maxima ) ( P. albina), ( P. margaritifera) ( P. nigra) RAPD, ( P. chemnitzi), ( Pteria penguin) [ 1-2 ] [

48 5 ( Pinctada) ( P. fucata ), 3 [ 7 ] ( P. maxima ) ( P. albina), ( P. margaritifera) ( P. nigra) RAPD, ( P. chemnitzi), ( Pteria penguin) [ 1-2 ] [ 5 6 2 00 9 1 2 South China Fisheries Science Vol. 5, No. 6 Dec., 2009 doi: 10. 3969/ j. issn. 1673-2227. 2009. 06. 009 16S rrna,,, (, 510300) : PCR ( Pinctada fucata) ( P. chemnitzi) ( Pteria penguin)