國立中山大學政治學研究所碩士在職專班 碩士論文 毒品防治法制之研究 A Study of Drug Prevention and Legal System 研究生 : 林長春 指導教授 : 鄧學良博士 中華民國 95 年 7 月 1 日
A Study of Drug Prevention and Legal System
Abstract The US put Taiwan into the list of drug trafficking country in 1990. The image of Taiwan has been seriously damaged so our government changed the Drug Purging Statute of Suppressing Rebellion Period to Statute of Drug Purging in July 1992. The purpose of the law especially to get rid of the drug abuse, prevent from drug harm, save guard the health of the people, sustain the social order and avoid the country falling into danger. But the effect of the anti-drug abuse policy is so limited, the drug abuse issues are still getting worse. The cases are increasing day by day. Due to the complicated causes of drug abuse criminals, the criminals couldn't be corrected by prison s education and management. Therefore it's necessary to review and discuss the drug abuse prevention policy. Government formally announced to Fight against Drugs Abuse, on 12 May 1993 and Central Meeting Report organization was set up. Nationwide anti-drug abuse meeting was held in June 1994. The means of anti-drug abuse were proposed in the meeting, which were to cut the suppliers and reduce the needs. Three key important work of the strategy of anti-drug are to crack down, reject ant quit drug. Then Government promulgated Drug Risk Prevention Stipulate and revoked the Drug Purging Statute. For the drug abusers, first to force them to quit drug, accept therapy, exonerate from criminal law but guilt and pay attention to medical therapy. This was a revolution change of drug abuse prevention policy. Narcotic & Drug Control Stipulate was amended to Drug Control & Management Statute on 2 June
1999 and changed the Division of Drug Management to Bureau of Drug Control &Management. Owing to Taiwan s hard work on anti-drug, the US International Narcotics Control Strategy Report expelled Taiwan from the list of the world main production and trafficking country. However after issue of the Drug Risk Prevention Stipulate, thousands drug abusers are in and out of the Observing & Quitting Asylum or Quitting & Therapy Asylum every year. The degree of flooding of drug abuse has affected to society, economy, polity and regulation policy, so Drug Risk Prevention Stipulate was modified again to meet the real need and guarantee the human right in Sept. 2004. Since the newly amended law, Drug Risk Prevention Stipulate, went into effect on 9 Sept. 2004, the drug crimes and related ferocious criminal cases have been happened frequently. Prisons are filled with drug criminals. That drug abuse is harmful not only to the people s mental but to the health is still exist, so the legislation and realization of Drug Prevention Statute is still dubious to the people. Through this approach, suggestions are supplied for reference about the legislation and adaptability situation of the Drug Prevention and hopefully to make our drug abuse flooding situation improved and controlled.
i
ii
iii
Extent of drug use (annual prevalence*)estimates2003/04(or latest year available) iv
v
1
2
3
(secobarbital) (amobarbital) FM2(flunitrazepam) 4
5
6 morphine heroin
7 F M 2 MDMA
8(Ketamine) 456781011 http://law.moj.gov.tw2005 8 8 1998 5 1999 50,504 2000 49,807 2001 34,434
2002 30,643 2003 28,921 2003 7 9 200 40,16 2005 44,866 1994 2005 1999 82981 2000 93824 2001 70716 2002 56207 2003 54341 2004 68713 2005 11 81058 004 9
111 25.7 25.5 19. 35. 1999 84460 2000 94,347 2001 72,155 2002 58,049 2003 57,081 2004 69,120 2005111 80,858 2004 111 30 31. 29.3 17.3 600 100 10
11
2005 8 21 2 2 7 5 27 2005 10 2005 11 2 2005 9 12
30 2 20054 10 31 11 13.9 2 2 1 2 3 29 28 13
14
19985 199940,066200033,412 200121,411200217,961200315,877200412,5312005 11112,7602005111 2004 10.5 1-6 15
1-7 2005 2004 55. 1-8 16
(1) (2) (2)/(1)*100 % 13511 2575 10936 9038 66.9 5005 3635 5931 5400 11856 2033 9823 7780 65.6 4332 3098 5491 4682 12677 2275 10402 8368 66 4533 3296 5869 5072 14640 2536 12104 9903 67.6 5547 4096 6557 5809 13206 2228 10926 8961 67.9 5026 3725 5900 5236 20546 3180 17366 14393 70.1 7304 5340 10062 9053 86436 14827 71557 58443 404.1 31747 23190 39810 35252 55.6 39.5 58.9 60.6 2.2 45.3 43.4 70.5 72.9 17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Amphetamine s cstasy (million people) of global population age 15-64 Annual prevalence is a measure of the number/percentage of people who have consumed an illicit drug at least once in the 12 month- period preceding the assessment. Sources: UNODC, Annual Reports Questionnaire data, National Reports, UNODC estimates. 16 17 131 29
lyman,m.d,potter, G.W. Drugs in SocietyCause,Concepts and Control,AndersonPublishing Co,Cincinnati,OH.1991 Wick,R.J,Patt,J.J. Drug AbuseA Criminal Justice Primer, Glencoe Press,Collier Macmillan Publishers,London 1997 30
31
32
1994 166,186 6,580 13,768 3,062 11,521 307 610 2,333 6,379 990 841 1995 162,359 6,885 14,540 3,056 13,084 362 913 2,709 7,666 1,426 951 1996 186,637 6,639 15,923 3,356 16,120 377 824 3,288 9,775 1,693 1,064 1997 187,238 6,093 16,783 3,480 15,337 400 788 3,350 9,359 2,049 1,106 1998 142,499 5,415 17,010 2,917 14,007 338 659 3,318 7,893 1,688 766 1999 142,172 5,009 17,258 2,555 15,474 419 715 3,145 6,755 1,681 805 2000 150,795 5,122 16,294 2,213 15,245 642 810 3,082 5,447 1,259 808 2001 157,437 4,588 15,357 2,300 15,843 712 1,067 3,059 4,465 1,031 945 2002 153,003 4,008 14,987 2,323 17,127 2,317 1,477 2,895 4,189 897 1,045 2003 136,258 3,479 13,775 2,139 15,563 2,181 1,250 2,546 4,279 980 1,347 2004 139,454 3,344 11,779 2,002 17,462 1,988 1,198 2,307 5,550 676 981 2005 158,817 3,417 12,744 2,085 19,213 2,113 1,112 2,451 9,154 969 1,178 1994 16 1,048 1,693 3,161 15,806 25,067- - 40,873 24.59% 70,113 1995 13 1,025 2,380 2,839 8,699 21,616- - 30,315 18.67% 70,642 33 1996 12 1,310 2,518 3,345 7,623 25,536- - 33,159 17.77% 72,751 1997 14 1,310 1,906 3,987 9,095 28,840- - 37,935 20.26% 72,954 1998 24 1,197 1,849 2,593 4,095 9,877 - - 13,981 9.80% 60,621 1999 9 1,033 1,623 2,603 2,538 7,872 16-10,439 7.33% 67,899 2000 9 1,146 1,184 2,478 4,561 11,225 26-15,817 10.49% 72,732 2001 14 1,633 1,354 1,888 6,482 8,034 14-14,544 9.23% 83,686 2002 24 1,044 45 1,482 8,610 5,080 49-13,750 8.98% 79,454 2003 180 1,065 2 1,785 9,871 4,925 159-14,974 10.98% 69,907 2004 204 728 11 2,695 15,630 7,272 256 4 23,207 16.61% 67,736 2005 286 1,056-2,880 19,293 9,875 246 61 29,503 18.56% 69,484
34
35
36
220201241301 37
33 MDMA GHB FM2 LSD 38
39
1 3 (1) (2) ( ( ) 40
1998 1998 5 20 50 51 52 53 41
42
43
44
45
46
? UNODC2005 WORLD DRUG REPORT 47
48
49
50
51
MILTOM FRIENDMAN Korf1999 52
Korf, D. J., Riper, H. & Bullington, B. (1999) Windmills in their minds? Drug policy and drug research in the Netherlands. Journal of Drug Issues, 29(3): 451-471. 53
54
55
56
57
58
110 111 72102103 59
100 140 2002 2003 4 190 100 60
61
2001 62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
1 71
72
73
74 A
75 A
76
efficent 77
78 2001 211 158
International Narcotics Control Strarege Report 79
U.S.Department of State. Policy and Program Dvelopment. International Narcotics Control Strarege Report 2005 U.S.Department of State. UNODC.2004 Word Drug Report.P.95. United NationOffice on Drugs and Crime U.S.Department of State.19992005 International Narcotics Control Strarege Report 80
International Criminal Policy Organization,Interpol 81
82
83
84
~ Robinson VS California Saturday Review of Literature How to Take Profit Out of Hard Drug 85
86 ~ ~
177 87
88
89
90
7 196 91
92
93
94
95
214 491 216 535 96
97
98
99
100
239 101
240 241 242 243 102
103 22 2 5 17 244
104
105
106
248 192159 107
108
109
? 110
111
112
271 267 113
114
115
116
3 117
118
119
120
121
122 300 110 1 3
123 23
124 7
125 9411
126 1988 305 306 306
7 127
128
129
130
131 Drug Enforcement AdministrationDEA
132
133
134 13 613
135
136 27
31 137
138
139
5 3 2 140
141
22 142
143
144
145 6
3 3 2 3 7 29 146
147 30
148
149
150
42 151
152
45 2005 11 30 5 108 1 17 109 1 10 110 1 9 16 1992 10 30 307 13 16 46 2006 315,929,417,000 45 2793-96 46 2793-96 153
2005 2006 2005 324,687,000 2006 2,485,000 2005 2,085,000 40 2006 105,898,000 2005 109,314,000 3,416,000 47 120 5 500 2006 47 http://www.kcg.gov.tw/2006 6 154
32 2005 2006 2005 280,000 2006 100,000 155
156
157 49
158
1 2 159
3 4 160
161
11 2 162
163 B.O.T
164 16
17 165
21 22 166
167 23 24
168 25 26
169
31 170
171
172
41 42 43 173
44 45 46 174
175
176
54 177
4 56 57 178
179
180
erwaltungsvertrag,contrat administraf 67 181
182 70 71
183
74 73 74 146 75 147 76 148 77 143 78 144 79 184
80 81 82 165 83 185
186
187
90 92 188
189
101 190
191
192 105
193
194
195 108
196
197
198
1 199
200
201
202
203
204
205 22
206
27 207
208 28 29
209
210 34 35
211
212 40 41
42 213
214
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 215
59 60 62 216
63 64 65 217
218
66 67 219
220
221 76
77 http//newcongress.yam.org.tw 78 79 222
223
224
225
226
227 86
228
"Ombudsman" 1 2 5 3 229
230
2 231
232
233
234??
12 13 235
236
237
17 21 22 238
26 239
29 30 31 32 33 34 240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
2 1998 10 269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
1Drucker, How to Take Profit Out of Hard Drug.,Saturday Review of Literature 1972 2International Criminal Police Organization,2002Annual Report2003, International Criminal Policy Organization 3United Nation Office on Drugs and Crime,,2004 Word Drug Report,..2004 4U.S.Department of State. Policy and Program Dvelopment. International Narcotics Control Strarege Report 2005 U.S.Department of State. 5United Nation Office on Drugs and Crime, 2005 Word Drug Report, 2005 12 278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287?
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308