:?,, :,,, ( ),,,,,,Bjgrklund, et al. (2004),Haisken2DeNew and Schmidt (1999),Pinheiro and Ramos(1994), (Lukyanova, 2006),D murger et al. (2006),,,,199

2009 10? 3 :,,,,,,, :,,,,,, :,?,, (),,,,, (Chen and Edin, 2006), ( Krueger and Summers, 1988 ; Katz and Summers, 1989),,,,,, 3,, :200433, :zhaochen @fudan. edu. cn ;,, :200433,310027, :lm @fudan. edu. cn ;,, :satohrs @econ. hit2u. ac. jp : (08BJL008),(B101) 121

:?,, :,,, ( ),,,,,,Bjgrklund, et al. (2004),Haisken2DeNew and Schmidt (1999),Pinheiro and Ramos(1994), (Lukyanova, 2006),D murger et al. (2006),,,,1995 2002, (,2008),?,,,, (efficiency wage) Chen and Edin (2006) Arbache (2001),,,,,,,,,Krueger and Summers (1988),,, (turnover), Katz and Summers (1989),,?,,,,,,, (,2005 ;D murger et al., 2006),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 122

2009 10?,,,,, ( ), Stiglitz (2000),,,,,,, (), ( ),, (Dixit, 2003 ; Li, 2003 ;,2006 ; Krishna and Matsusaka, 2008),,,, 2002 (CHIPS),, 1988 1995,2002,,,,,,,,,, 100,,,,, 2002, 45000, 415,,,,,,,,,,,,,2002 6, 1988 1995,, ; 1995 2002, (2008) 123

:?, 1995,2002, 1613 % 2110 %,,, - 1 ;, 0 ;, 1,, 5,, (ordered probit model),,, OLS,,,,OLS,,,,, (1),(2),,,, ( 2),,(3), 20 60 1 (1) (2) (3),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 1,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( Meng and Zhang, 2001),,, (2008) 1 (3) (5) OLS,,, 1 OLS 124

2009 10 1 ( ) (1) (OLS) (2) (OLS) (3) (OLS) (4) (OLS) (5) (ordered probit) 0100625 33 0100609 33 010143 33 (0100264) (0100264) (0100618) 010381 33 (010155) 01262 333 01261 333 01260 333 01261 333 01601 333 (010556) (010555) (010555) (010555) (01129) 0100712 333 0100682 333 0100574 333 0100668 333 010142 333 (0100193) (0100193) (0100197) (0100198) (0100461) 0100724 333 0100726 333 0100718 333 0100724 333 010170 333 (0100109) (0100109) (0100110) (0100110) (0100257) - 0100660 333-0100657 333-0100628 333-0100623 333-010147 333 (0100117) (0100117) (0100117) (0100117) (0100274) - 01158 33-01162 33-01170 33-01161 33-01404 33 (010714) (010714) (010715) (010715) (01182) 2 01179 01181 01197 3 01194 3 01483 (01117) (01117) (01117) (01117) (01309) 010162 33 010157 33 010155 33 010165 33 010365 33 (0100674) (0100674) (0100674) (0100674) (010158) 010516 010504 010600 010650 01133 (010451) (010451) (010452) (010452) (01106) 010465 010454 010435 010456 010957 (010400) (010400) (010400) (010400) (010935) 01141 333 01141 333 01141 333 01142 333 01333 333 (010110) (010110) (010110) (010110) (010259) 010359 010350 010345 010350 010793 (010295) (010295) (010295) (010295) (010694) 0100253 3 0100270 3 0100595 3 (0100143) (0100143) (0100334) 010234 3 010238 33 010558 33 (010120) (010120) (010280) - 0100496-0100598 - 010110 (010199) (010199) (010465) - 01104 333-01106 333-01106 333-01111 333-01247 333 (010182) (010182) (010182) (010183) (010422) 010308 010327 010381 010351 010876 (010275) (010276) (010276) (010276) (010645) - 01438 333-01441 333-01457 333-01475 333 (01106) (01106) (01108) (01108) 9957 9957 9955 9951 9955 R 2 R 2 01052 01052 01053 01053 010406 : 3 33 333 10 % 5 % 1 % 125

:?,,, (),,,,,(3),, R 2 010477 ;, R 2 010496,,,,,,,,,,, (3), 014315,,, 40, 17125,, 23,50, 29,,,,, CHIPS2002,, : ( ), (4) (3),,,,,, (3), 1 (5),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 OLS ((3) (6) ), ( ),,, 126

2009 10 2 ( ) (3) OLS (6) OLS (7) IV2OLS 0100609 33 0100650 33 01103 (0100264) (0100280) (01114) (8) 01157 33 (010648) 01260 333 01278 333 01264 333 01148 (010555) (010571) (010632) (01221) 0100574 333 0100458 33 01000385 010430 333 (0100197) (0100206) (0100542) (0100795) 0100718 333 0100752 333 0100769 333-0100184 (0100110) (0100113) (0100122) (0100435) - 0100628 333-0100632 333-0100574 333-0100638 (0100117) (0100121) (0100146) (0100469) - 01170 33-010931 - 01168 01751 3 (010715) (010995) (01138) (01384) 2 01197 3 010640 01130-01625 (01117) (01180) (01207) (01696) 0100117 33 010186 333 010120 010687 33 010600 (0100674) (0100704) (010108) (010272) (010452) 010435 010627 010486 01159 (010400) (010730) (010797) (01282) 01141 333 01141 333 01138 333 010371 (010110) (010116) (010131) (010449) 010345 010398 010196 01206 3 (010295) (010320) (010417) (01124) 0100253 3 0100258 3 01000973 010162 333 (0100143) (0100151) (0100249) (0100583) 010234 3 010259 33 010241 3 010169 (010120) (010124) (010134) (010481) - 0100496-010105 - 0100469-010536 (010199) (010214) (010238) (010826) - 01106 333-01114 333-01139 333 01264 333 (010182) (010197) (010365) (010760) 010381 010623 33 010885 33-01273 33 (010276) (010304) (010448) (01117) - 01457 333-01562 333-01592 333 01315 (01108) (01128) (01141) (01493) 9955 8617 8617 8617 R 2 01053 01059 01064 127

:? 3 (9) (10) (11) (OLS ) (12) (OLS ) (13) ( IV2OLS) (14) ( IV2OLS) 0100677 0100543 3 0100831 3 0100517 01173 010345 (0100458) (0100318) (0100505) (0100332) (01151) (01171) 01460 333 010832 01440 333 01138 3 01404 333 01135 3 (010898) (010708) (010924) (010733) (01112) (010755) 010106 333 0100336 010102 33 0100203 0100158 01000882 (0100377) (0100224) (0100410) (0100232) (0100922) (0100707) 010103 333 0100649 333 010117 333 0100652 333 010108 333 0100664 333 (0100237) (0100120) (0100254) (0100122) (0100307) (0100142) - 0100976 333-0100552 333-010115 333-0100508 333-0100967 333-0100492 333 (0100260) (0100127) (0100279) (0100130) (0100365) (0100161) - 01342 3-01120 - 01316 010225-01395 3-0100499 (01191) (010766) (01197) (01112) (01240) (01196) 2 01466 01151 01416-01108 01416-010765 (01347) (01118) (01357) (01203) (01413) (01275) 0100448 010218 333 010128 010220 333 0100541 010195 (010121) (0100796) (010129) (0100826) (010164) (010163) 010237 010607 (010864) (010520) - 010133 010731 010393 010767 010103 010723 (010782) (010452) (01156) (010800) (01182) (010846) 01178 333 01118 333 01189 333 01112 333 01180 333 01111 333 (010193) (010131) (010211) (010137) (010257) (010147) 010716 010106 010827 010172 0100357 010150 (010554) (010341) (010619) (010366) (01102) (010391) - 0100145 0100468 333-0100232 0100490 333-0100386 0100429 (0100262) (0100167) (0100286) (0100174) (0100360) (0100395) 010399 3 010125 010406 3 010162 010509 3 010144 (010219) (010140) (010233) (010144) (010286) (010179) 010179-010176 - 0100608-010119 - 010195-0100761 (010352) (010238) (010393) (010250) (010472) (010356) - 01143 333-010810 333-01163 333-010846 333-01233 333-010894 33 (010314) (010220) (010354) (010233) (010762) (010364) 010529 010304 010799 010533 01141 3 010598 (010483) (010332) (010554) (010358) (010852) (010524) - 01599 333-01151 - 01663 333-01202 - 01652 33-01345 (01177) (01128) (01230) (01145) (01266) (01250) 3798 6157 3160 5457 3160 5457 R 2 01063 01048 01075 01049 01035 128

2009 10,(20 40 50 ),( ),,,, 1, ( ) 0, Sato Li (2007),,,,,,,,, (Sato and Li, 2007 ;2008),,,, 1,,20,,, (6),,,,(8), 1, t 2144, P 01015 ; F,5198,,,,,,,, 1, 1 ;, 1,( 2),(6), (7) (6),Hausman, 0173,P 110000,,,, 01103,OLS, 0100656,, OLS,,, OLS,,,OLS :,,,,,, 129

:?,,,,,,,,,, OLS ((9) (10) ),, ((11) (12) ),OLS, (13) (14),,OLS IV2OLS, IV2OLS, OLS,0100831 01173, 0100517 010345,,,,, 5!,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ( ),,,,,,IV,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2002,,, 5 % 10 % (,2008),,,, 130

2009 10, 1 9957 01080 01529-1 1 9957 01093 01291 0 1 9957 01991 01095 0 1 (= 1) 9957 11443 01497 1 2 (= 1) 9957 11916 01334 1 3 9957 401550 91256 1 77 9957 31891 01822 1 5 9957 01096 01181 0 21115 9957 11040 01197 1 2 9957 111429 21986 0 23 9957 201212 91680 0 43 9957 11238 21035 0 24 9957 01144 01390 0 9 9957 51549 31973 0 17 9955 11675 01468 1 2 9955 11923 01266 1 2 9957 01374 01195 0 1 2 1 11104 (01062) 11218 (01025) 11204 (01024) 01097 (01010) 01128 (01004) 11262 (01055) 01122 (01008) : 01124 (01004) Sylvie D murger Martin Fournier,2005 :, 6,2008 : :,,2008 :,9,2006 :,6 Arbache, Jorge Saba, 2001, Wage Differentials in Brazil : Theory and Evidence, Journal of Development Studies, 38, 2, 109 130. Bjgrklund, Anders, Bernt Bratsberg, Tor Eriksson, Markus Jgntti, and Oddbjgrn Raaum, 2004, Inter2Industry Wage Differentials and Unobserved Ability : Siblings Evidence from Five Countries, IZA Discussion Paper Series, No. 1080. Chen, Paul and Per2Anders Edin, 2006, Efficiency Wages and Industry Wage Differentials : A Comparison across Methods of Pay, Review of Economics and Statistics, 84, 4, 617 631. D murger, Sylvie, Martin Fournier, Li Shi and Wei Zhong, 2006, Economic Liberalization With Rising Segmentation In Chinaπs Urban Labor Market, Asian Economic Papers, Vol. 5, No. 3, Pages 58 101. Dixit, Avinash, 2003, Trade Expansion and Contract Enforcement, Journal of Political Economy, 111 (6), 1293 1317. Haisken2DeNew, John P. and Christoph M. Schmidt, 1999, Industry Wage Differentials Revisited : A Longitudinal Comparison of Germany and USA (1984 1996), IZA Discussion Paper Series No. 98. 131

:? Huang, Philip C., 1995, Rural Class Struggle in the Chinese Revolution : Representational and Objective Realities from the Land Reform to the Cultural Revolution, Modern China, 21 (1), 105 1431 (, :,,2005, 5 ) Katz, L. F. and L. H. Summers, 1989, Can Inter2Industry Wage Differentials Justify Strategic Trade Policy, in Feenstra, R. (ed. ), Trade Policies for International Competitiveness, University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Krishna, B. K. and J. G. Matsusaka, 2008, From Families to Formal Contracts : An Approach to Development, Journal of Development Economics, forthcoming. Krueger, Alan, and Lawrence Summers, 1988, Efficiency Wages and the Inter2industry Wage Structure, Econometrica, 56, 259 294. Li, John Shuhe, 2003, Relation2Based versus Rule2Based Governance : an Explanation of the East Asian Miracle and Asian Crisis, Review of International Economics, 11 (4), 651 673. Lukyanova, Anna, 2006, Wage Inequality in Russia (1994 2003), Moscow : Economics Education and Research Consortium, Working Paper Series, No. 06Π03. Meng, Xin and Junsen Zhang, 2001, The Two2Tier Labor Market in Urban China : Occupational Segregation and Wage Differentials between Urban Residents and Rural Migrants in Shanghai,Journal of Comparative Economics, 29, 3, 485 504. Pinheiro, Armando Castelar and Lauro Ramos, 1994, Inter2Industry Wage Differentials and Earnings Inequality in Brazil, Estudios de Economia, 21, November, 79 111. Sato, Hiroshi and Li Shi, 2007, Revolution and Family in Rural China : Influence of Family Background on Current Family Wealth, IZA Working Paper No. 3223. Sato, Hiroshi and Li Shi, 2008, Class Origin, Family Culture, and Intergenerational Correlation of Education in Rural China, Global COE Hi2Stat Discussion Paper Series gd082007, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University. Stiglitz, Joseph E., 2000, Formal and Informal Institutions, in Social Capital : A Multifaceted Perspective, The International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentΠThe World Bank, 59 701 (,,2005,,,,74 87 ) Who Entered High2wage Industries? The Role of Social Net work, Hukou and Labor Productivities Chen Zhao a, Lu Ming b,c and Hiroshi Sato d (a : CCES, Fudan University ; b : School of Economics, Fudan University ; c : College of Economics, Zhejiang University ; d : Hitotsubashi University) Abstract :This paper finds that social networks, fatherπs education and political status, and urban household registration status ( hukou identity), as well as their own education, experience, age, and gender, help people enter high2wage industries. When contrasting coastal and inland samples, after instrumenting social networks by household political identity (based on classifications during the land reform in the 1950s), we find that social networks are more helpful for entering high2wage industries in coastal regions. The implication of this paper is : breaking industrial entry barriers in the urban labor market is an essential policy in order to control inter2industrial wage inequality in urban China. Key Words : Industry Monopoly ; Labor Market ; Inter2industrial Wage Differentials ; Social Networks JEL Classification :J31, J71, Z31 ( : ) (: ) 132