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1 * UN-HABITAT % 43% % 81% 1 /4 * zhengsiqi@ tsinghua. edu. cn mail. sysu. edu. cn rongrong. tsinghua@ gmail. com JD &ZD http/ / finance. qianlong. com /30055 /2009 /01 /21 / 2530@ htm 2 Informal Housing Arnott

2 42% 63% GDP Lewis1954Lucas Lucas

3 % 1 1. Dipasquale & Wheaton1996 Glaeser et al2006 Demand Shock Fu et al Glaeser Social Interaction 1 GDP GDP 2002 GDP

4 Knowledge Spillover Glaeser 1999 Glaeser & Mare 2001 Peer Effect 1 Residential Segregation Social Kain 1968Massey & Nancy 1989O Regan & Quigley 1996Bayer et al Glaeser et al2006 A System of Open Cities Glaeser et al

5 N r T T t N r 1 N r 2 N r N r N u N u F Formal Housing IInformal Housing C F P F P I C F > > 0 P F > P I > 0 1 CD Max U = CS θ 1 - θ X 1 St. W = P S + X C S P X > 00 < θ < 1 U C S X θ W P S U = kcw k = θ θ 1 - θ 1 - θ P θ θ k tk

6 1 t = 0 Ut = 0 = kw r t = 0 C P θ 5 U I t = 0 = kw r t = 0 P θ I > kw r t = 0 C F P θ F = U F t = 0 6 P θ I > C F P θ F 7 U 0 U 0 = kw r t = 0 P θ I 8 t 2 0 t

7 μ μ* W r t W < μ W r t = = P F t < P F Glaeser 2006 P F 9 LogP I = LogM I + 1 δ I logn I / L 10 M I N I L δ I δ I N r t < 2 N I = N r 11 1 Glaeser2007 D u D 0 r % 10% C F 79

8 C F > 1 t < D r D r = D 0 r + t 0 t D r = D 0 r + + C F t - t 12 D total 1 N r tc D total = N c D c + N r D 0 tk r + tdt + N r [ D 0 r + + C F t - ] dt 0 tc = N c D c + N r D 0 r + C D 0 2 [ r ] + N r { [ I 2C D 0 r + C φ I + C F - ] 2 - [ D 0 r + t ] 2 } c F = N c D c + N r 2 2D0 r + + N r [ 2 2D0 r C F - ] - = N c D c + N r 2 2D0 r t 2 2 [ c + C F - ] 13 2 Y Cobb-Douglas Y = AD α totalk 1 - α 14 A 0 < α < 1 α K K αy L = ( ) 1 - C F 1 - αy 15 Y = W r total + W c total + L 16 W c total W r total 1 80

9 w D = Y D total = αad α -1 totalk 1 - α 17 W r w D W r = D r w D = D 0 r + tαad α -1 totalk 1 - α 0 t < W r = D r w D = [ D 0 r + + C F t - ] αad α totalk α t W c = Y - w D D total - N c D u αy C F N c = 1 - αy + w C F N c t D D u 19 k 3 N r P I t = U 0 = kd0 r αad α -1 totalk 1 - α P θ I t = μ D 0 r + αad α -1 totalk 1 - α = P F N r D total P I α 2. 1 N r δ I > 0 > 0 D total > 0 δ I δ I D total 14 δ I Y δ I = αak 1 - α D α -1 total D total δ I >

10 % 1 / α δ I S K A μ N r N u C F L δ I θ D 0 r α 2 Upgrading

11 D total 2 N r Y D total > Y = αak 1 - α D α -1 total D total > 0 23 α S K A μ N r N u C F L δ I θ D 0 r

12 4 GDP C F GDP α W c S K A μ N r N u C F L δ I θ D 0 r

13 GDP 1 UN-HABITAT

14 AngelS. 2000Housing Policy MattersOxfordOxford University Press. ArnottR Housing Policy in Developing CountriesThe Importance of the Informal Economy In Urbanization and Growth Michael SpensePatricia Clarke Annez and Robert M. Buckley eds. The World BankWashington DC. BayerP. McMillanR. and K. Rueben2005 Residential Segregation in General Equilibrium NBER Working Paper DiPasqualeD. and W. C. Wheaton1996Urban Economics of Real Estate MarketsPrentice-HallEnglewood Cliffs. FuY. ZhengS. and H. Liu2010 Accounting Population Growth across Chinese CitiesDemand ShocksHousing Supply Elasticity and Supply Shifts Working PaperDepartment of Real EstateNational University of Singapore. GlaeserE. L Learning in Cities Journal of Urban Economics GlaeserE. L The Economics Approach to Cities NBER Working Paper 13696http/ / www. nber. org / papers / w GlaeserE. L. GyourkoJ. and R. Saks2006 Urban Growth and Housing Supply Journal of Economic Geography GlaeserE. L. and D. C. Mare2001 Cities and Skills Journal of Labor Economics KainJ Housing SegregationNegro Employmentand Metropolitan Decentralization Quarterly Journal of Economics LXXXII LewisW. A Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour The Manchester School LucasR. E Life Earnings and Rural - Urban Migration Journal of Political Economy112S29 S59. MasseyD. S. and A. D. Nancy1989 Hypersegregation in U. S. Metropolitan AreasBlack and Hispanic Segregation along Five Dimensions Demography O ReganK. and J. Quigley1996 Spatial Effects upon Employment OutcomesThe Case of New Jersey Teenagers New England Economic ReviewMay / June United Nations Center for Human Settlements HABITAT 2003The Challenge of SlumsGlobal Report on Human Settlements. Housing Policy for Migrant Workers and Economic Growth Zheng Siqi 1 Liao Junping 2 Ren Rongrong 1 and Cao Yang 1 1Institute of Real Estate StudiesDepartment of Construction ManagementTsinghua University 2Lingnan CollegeSun Yat-sen University AbstractResidential segregation can be easily observed in Chinese cities. The informal housing sector e. g. urban villagestemporary sheds on construction sitesbasement rooms provides living spaces for millions of rural migrant workers. This paper sets up a joint model for urban labor market and housing marketto examine the effects of migrantworker housing on economic growth. Housing provision is regarded as a combination of living space and living environment with the latter affecting residents human capital accumulation. We find that the supply of low-quality migrant housing has a positive effect on reducing labor costs for low-skill jobsbut this effect diminishes when the city s industrial structure upgrades. On the other sideupgrading the environment quality of migrant workers settlements has sustainable effect on economic growthand the marginal benefit increases as the industrial structure improves. Meanwhilesuch upgrading policy can reduce the social conflicts arising from social segregationand thus may gain supports from urban residents. Key WordsRural Migrant WorkersLiving EnvironmentHuman CapitalEconomic GrowthPolicy Transition JEL ClassificationR23R58 86

World Economic Papers October, 2013 * % * gmail. com

203 5 World Economic Papers October, 203 * 5 0 2009 20 4. % 203 2005 499 * E-mail sunsanbai@ gmail. com 5 2 00026 20309 203 5 7 20 Clark et al. 2009 Sloane 2000 Bender 2006 Campbell 20 202 Card et al.