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1 2011 3, 18(2): Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 研究论文 DOI: /SP.J 逯尚尉 1, 刘兆普 1, 余燕 1, 2 1., ; 2., 摘要 : (Epinephelus malabaricus) (15±0.5) g, 4, ( 60 cm 50 cm) , 1.1 kg/m kg/m kg/m kg/m 3, G 10 G 20 G 30 G 40, 3, 6 : 1) G 10 (P < 0.05), G 20 (P < 0.05) G 10 G 20 G 30 (P < 0.05), G 40 (P < 0.05) 2) G 30 G 40 (P > 0.05), G 10 G 20 (P < 0.05), G 10 G 20 (P < 0.05)3) G 30 G 40 G 10 G 20 (P < 0.05), ; G 40, G 30 (P > 0.05), G 40 2 (G 10 G 20 )(P < 0.05);,, 20 / (2.1 kg/m 3 ) [, 2011,18(2): ] : ; ; ; 中图分类号 : S94 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (2011) ,,,,,,, [1] [2],, Sodeberg [3] (Salmo salar), Jorgensen [4], (Salvelinus alpinus) [5], (Ctenopharyngodon idellus),, [6],,,, (Epinephelus malabaricus), 收稿日期 : ; 修订日期 : 基金项目 : (JSK008-01). 作者简介 : (1985 ),,, @njau.edu.cn 通讯作者 :,. sea@njau.edu.cn

2 2 : 323,, 1 1.1, : 60 cm 50 cm Teng [7], 4, (15±0.5) g, 1.1 kg/m kg/m kg/m kg/m 3, G 10 G 20 G 30 G 40, , 5%, 30 min 6, (28±0.5), 26± h, 5 mg/l 1/3 : DO 4.1~6.0 mg/l,nh 3 -N 0.01~0.05 mg/l,no 2 -N 0.05 ~ 0.10 mg/l, ph 8.3±0.2,,,, 1.2, 3,, 8.6, ,, (WG)(SGR) (), : WG(%) =100 (W t -W 0 )/W 0 SGR(%)=100 (lnw t lnw 0 )/t FCR=W F /n(w t W 0 ), W 0 ( ), W t (), W F (), t (d), n, WG, SGR, FCR (4 000 r/min, 4 ) 30 min, Pickering [8] (RIA), -, 1.3.3, 9 ( 8.6), (4 000 r/min, 4 ) 30 min,,, GOT( ) GPT( ) LDH( ) TChE(), 0.5 mlgpt GOT, 0.1 ml, min 2,4-0.5 ml, min, 5 ml NaOH (0.4 mol/l), 10 min, nm, GPT GOT : min, 1 μmol 1 : 28 6 min, 1 μmol 1

3 SPSS13.0, Duncan s, ± ( x ±SE) G 10, G 20, (P > 0.05) G 10, G 20, G 30 G 40 (P > 0.05), G 30 G 40 G 10 G 20 (P < 0.05), G 20 G 10 (P < 0.05) G 10 G 20 (P > 0.05), 2 (G 30, G 40 ) (P < 0.05), G 40, G 30 (P < 0.05) 表 1 密度胁迫对点带石斑鱼幼鱼体质量增重率特定生长率和饲料系数的影响 Tab. 1 Effects of density stress on body weight, weight gain(wg), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of juvenile Epinephelus malabaricus n=3; x ±SE; FW group /g average initial body weight /g average final body weight /% WG /% SGR FCR G ± ±5.61 a 87.09±3.49 a 1.49±0.03 a 2.65±0.35 a G ± ±2.34 a 92.93±5.54 c 1.55±0.04 b 2.69±0.41 a G ± ±4.22 a 90.05±2.61 b 1.52±0.02 ab 3.16±0.40 b G ± ±2.03 a 90.01±2.78 b 1.53±0.03 ab 3.65±0.35 c : (P >0.05), (P >0.05). Note: Within the same column, values with the same superscripts are not significantly different (P > 0.05), and values with different superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05) , G 40 G 30 (P > 0.05), 2 (G 30, G 40 ) 2 (G 10, G 20 ) (P < 0.05) G 10, (P < 0.05) G , 2 (G 30, G 40 ) 2 (G 10, G 20 ) (P < 0.05), G 30 G 40 G 10 G 20 (P > 0.05) G 40 G 30 G 20 G 10, G 10, 2 (G 30, G 40 ) (P < 0.05) 表 2 密度胁迫对点带石斑鱼幼鱼皮质醇和血糖含量的影响 Tab. 2 Effects of density stress on plasma cortisol and blood glucose of juvenile Epinephelus malabaricus n=3; x ±SE group /(ng ml 1 ) plasma cortisol /(mg ml 1 ) blood glucose G ±4.83 a 0.31±0.02 a G ±6.67 b 0.43±0.02 b G ±5.40 c 0.52±0.03 c G ±3.26 c 0.55±0.02 c : (P > 0.05), (P < 0.05). Note: Within the same column, values with the same superscripts are not significantly different (P > 0.05), and values with different superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05) , G 10 G 20 (P > 0.05), G 30 (P > 0.05) G 40, 2 (G 10,G 20 )(P <0.05),

4 2 : 325 表 3 Tab. 3 密度胁迫对点带石斑鱼幼鱼谷丙转氨酶谷草转氨酶乳酸脱氢酶与乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响 Effects of density stress on GOT, GPT, LDH and TChE activities of juvenile Epinephelus malabaricus n=3; x ±SE U mgprot 1 group GPT GOT LDH TChE G ±11.59 a ±7.27 a ± a 1.36±0.12 c G ±6.01 a ±7.80 ab ±89.11 a 1.30±0.84 bc G ±9.70 b ±2.96 bc ±79.03 ab 0.97±0.10 ab G ±6.04 b ±7.87 c ±28.31 b 0.94±0.06 a : (P > 0.05), (P > 0.05). Note: Within the same column, values with the same superscripts are not significantly different (P > 0.05), and values with different superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05). G 40 G 30 (P > 0.05) ,, G 40 2 (G 10, G 20 )(P < 0.05), G 10, 2 (G 30, G 40 ) (P < 0.05) 3, - (pituitaryinter-renal axis), ; ;,, [9] 3 3.1,,, [10],, [11] [12], (Salmo gairdneri),, Jorgensen [4],, (Salvelinus alpinus),, G 10,,,,, G 20 G 30 G 40 G 20,, [13] (Scortum barcoo), G 30 G 40 2 (G 10, G 20 ),,,,,, 20 / ( 2.1 kg/m 3 ),,,, 3.2 [14], -, [15], Barton [16], (Salmo gairdneri), 8 d Tejpal [17],

5 (Cirrhinus mrigala), Vijayan Leatherland [18], (Salvelinus fontinalis), 2 2,,, 3.3 [17],, ph, [19] ph (Cyprinus carpio), ph ,, ; ph, ph<5.5, Wedemeyer [20] (handling stress) [21],, (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus) ;,,,, Tejpal [17],,, 3.4,,, [22] Vijayan [23], (Salvelinus fontinalis), 1,6-3- ;, ( 3- ), G 40 G 30,,,, Tejpal [17] [9] Vijayaraghavan [24],, (Anabas scandens),,,, [25] Murthy [26], (Tilapia mossambica), ph, Jones [27], (Salmo gairdneri), G 10 G 20, 2,, Murthy [26] Jones [27] 4,,, 20 / (2.1 kg/m 3 ) 参考文献 : [1] Allen K O. Effects of stocking density and water exchange rate on growth and survival of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in circular tanks[j]. Aquaculture, 1974, 4: [2],,,. [J]., 2009, 37(2): [3] Sodeberg R W, Meade J W. Effects of rearing density on growth, survival, and fincondition of Atlantic salmon[j].

6 2 : 327 Prog Fish Cult, 1987, 49, [4] Jorgensen E H, Christiansen J S, Jobling M. Effects of stocking density on foodintake, growth performance and oxygen consumption in Artic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)[j]. Aquaculture, 1993, 110, [5]. [J]., 1997, 21(4): [6],.,. [J]., 2004, 28(2): [7] Teng S K, Chua T E. Effect of stocking density on the growth of estuary grouper, Epinephelus salmoides Maxwell, cultured in foating net-cages[j]. Aquaculture, 1978, 15: [8] Pickering A D, Pottinger P. Seasonal and diet changes in plasma cortisol levels of the brown trout,salmo trutta [J]. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 1983, 49: [9] Chatterjee N, Pal A K, Das T, et al. secondary stress response in Indian major carps Labeo rohita (Ham),Catla catla (Ham) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham) fry to increasing packing densities[j]. Aqua res, 2006, 37: [10] Shelbourn J E, Brett J R, Shirahata S. Effect of temperature and feeding regimes on the specific growth rate of sockeye salmon fry (oncorhynchus nerka)with a consideration of size effect[j]. Fish Board Can, 1973, 30: [11] Nicholas J K, Hunting W H. Effects of larval stocking density on laboratory-scale and commersial-scale production of summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus[j]. J World Aquaculture Society, 2000, 31(3): [12]. [J]., 2009, 22(4): [13],,,. [J]., 2009, 36 (2): [14] Barton B A, Iwama G K. Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids[j]. Annu Rev Fish Dis, 1991, [15] Strange R J, Schreck C B. Anesthetic and handling stress on survival and cortisol concentration in yearling Chinook salmon(oncorhynchus tshawytscha)[j]. Fish Res Bd Can, 1978, 35: [16] Barton B A, Schreck B, Barton L D. Effects of chronic administration and daily acute stress on growth, physiological conditions and stress responses in juvenile rainbow trout[j]. Dis Aquat Org, 1987(2): [17] Tejpal C S, Pal A K, Sahu N P. Dietary supplementation of L-tryptophan mitigates crowding stress and augments the growth in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings[j]. Aquaculture, 2009, 293: [18] Vijayan M M, Leatherland J F. High density affects cortisol secretion and tissue distribution in brook charr[j].endocrinol, 1990(124): [19],,. ph [J]., 2001, 14 (1): [20] Wedemeyer G A. Some physiological consequences of handling stress in the juvenile coho salmon (O. kisutch) and rainbow trout (S. gairdneri)[j]. Fish Res Bd Can, 1972, 29: [21],,. [J]., 2007, 28 (1): 7 9. [22] Demeal N A. Some characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism in fish[j]. Oceanis DOC Oceanogr, 1978, 4: [23] Vijayan M M, Ballantyne J S, Leatherland J F. High stocking density alters the energy metabolism of brook charr[j]. Aquaculture, 1990(88): [24] Vijayaraghavan S, Rao J V R. Starvational stress effects on tissue lactate and lactate dehydrogenase activity in Anabas scandens (Cuvier) [J]. Comp Physiol Ecol, 1986, 4: [25],. LD LDH ACP ALP TChE [J]., 2002, 28 (4): [26] Murthy V K, Reddy Y D, Reddy R M, et al. Changes in brain acetylenoline sterase activity in behaviour of freshwater fish in acid polluted environment[j]. Environ Ecol, 1984, 2: [27] Jones S B, Beauvais S L, Brewer S K, et al. Physiological and behavioural measures of neurotoxicity in rainbow trout[j]. Fish Respon Tox Envir, 1999,

7 Effects of density stress on growth and metabolism of juvenile Epinephelus malabaricus LU Shangwei 1, LIU Zhaopu 1, YU Yan 1,2 1. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing , China; 2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing , China Abstract: A 6-week feeding trail was conducted to study the effect of density stress on growth performance, plasma cortisol, blood glucose and activities of related enzymes of juvenile Elineophelelus malabaricus. Three hundred juveniles, body weight (15±0.5) g were randomly distributed in 4 experimental groups: G 10 (10 ind/tank, 1.1 kg/m 3 ), G 20 (20 ind/tank, 2.1 kg/m 3 ), G 30 (30 ind/tank, 3.2 kg/m 3 ), and G 40 (40 ind/tank, 4.2 kg/m 3 ). The results showed: (1) weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of G 10 were the lowest among the experimental groups, and WG and SGR of G 20 were the highest. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased with the increase of density. (2) No significant difference was observed in plasma cortisol levels between G 30 and G 40 (P >0.05), plasma cortisol levels of G 10 and G 20 were significantly lower than those of G 30 and G 40 (P <0.05), and plasma cortisol level of G 10 was the lowest. Similar trend was recorded in blood glucose levels. (3)Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities of G 30 and G 40 were significantly higher than those of G 10 and G 20 ; glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activities and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activities increased with the increase of the stocking density, total choline esterase (TChE) activities decreased with the increase of the stocking density. Hence, too high or too low stocking density would affect the growth performance and metabolism of juvenile Epinephelus malabaricus, and 20 ind/tank (2.1 kg/m 3 ) was considered to be a suitable stocking density.[journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2011, 18(2): ] Key words: Epinephelus malabaricus; density stress; growth; metabolism Corresponding author: LIU Zhaopu. sea@njau.edu.cn

32期

32期中国农学通报 2014,30(32):38-42 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 中草药饲料添加剂对黄鳝性激素含量的影响 1,2 1,2 1,2 2 赵庆凯, 丁炜东, 邴旭文, 王建新 ( 1 南京农业大学无锡渔业学院, 江苏无锡 214081; 2 中国水产