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1 南极大磷虾粉对点带石斑鱼幼鱼氟蓄积的影响,,,, (, ) 摘要 : 为研究南极大磷虾 (Euphausia superba) 粉对点带石斑鱼幼鱼氟蓄积和生长的影响, 作者通过饲养点带石斑鱼 (Epinephelus malabaricus) 幼鱼 ( 初始体质量为 (3.50±0.30)g, 体长 (5.5±0.3)cm)100 d, 在基础日粮中添加 0%( 对照组 ) 2% 4% 和 6% 的南极大磷虾粉制成 4 组饲料, 饲料中氟质量分数分别为和 mg/kg 结果显示: 南极大磷虾粉中的氟在点带石斑鱼幼鱼组织中的分布程度, 以脊椎骨和鳃中为最高, 氟质量分数分别为 (58.020~ )mg/kg 和 (46.029~ )mg/kg, 其次是皮 ( 含鳞片 )((44.127~88.761)mg/kg), 再次是肝 ((7.654~18.248)mg/kg), 而肌肉中氟蓄积最低 ((3.352~3.999)mg/kg); 脊椎骨皮 ( 含鳞片 ) 和鳃中氟含量随饲养时间的延续而产生蓄积, 且与饲料中南极大磷虾粉的水平呈正相关, 肝中氟含量随饲养时间延续而产生蓄积, 但与南极大磷虾粉的水平无相关性, 肌肉中氟含量与饲养时间和南极大磷虾粉水平均无相关性 ; 100 d 时, 4% 组和 6% 组的特定生长率处于最高水平, 且显著高于对照组 (P<0.05) 本研究表明在饲料中添加 4%~6% 南极大磷虾粉, 对点带石斑鱼幼鱼生长具有明显的促进作用关键词 : 南极大磷虾 (Euphausia superba) 粉 ; 点带石斑鱼 (Epinephelus malabaricus) 幼鱼 ; 氟蓄积 ; 特定生长率中图分类号 : X171.5, X503 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (2015) doi: /hykx ,,, [1],, [2-4], (Euphausia superba),, [5],, [6-7], [8-9], [10], (1 000~6 000 mg/kg) [11] (Epinephelus malabaricus) (Perciformes) (Serranidae) (Epincphelinae) (Epinephelus), 32 / 2015 / 39 / 6,, [12], (350 mg/kg), 100 d,,,, : ; : : ( ); (CHINARE ); ( ) ( ); (2009M06) : (1977-),,,,,, : , huangyq@ecsf.ac.cn;,, : , lujx@ecsf.ac.cn

2 1 材料与方法 1.1 实验饲料 ( ), 60, 0, 2%, 4% 6%, 4, 0% ( ), 2%, 4% 6% 4~8 mm,,, 1 表 1 南极大磷虾粉实验饲料的营养组成和氟质量分数 Tab. 1 The proximate nutritional compositions and fluorine content of experiment diets 0% 2% 4% 6% (%) (%) (%) (%) (mg/kg) 实验鱼饲养管理,,, ( 3.50 g±0.30 g, 5.5 cm±0.3 cm) (350 cm 450 cm 150 cm) 40cm, 80, 12, 0% ( ), 2%, 4%, 6%, 3,, 28~30 24~26 6 mg/l 2 (07:30 16:30), 100 d 1.3 采样方法 d, 10,,, ( ),,, 105 [13] (GB ),, % 24 h, 测定指标 (TISAB) GB/T [14] (1og C F ), (mv),, : X= C F /(m 1000 ), X (mg/kg), m (g), C F [15] 1.5 特定生长率的测定 (Specific growth rate, SGR, %/d) : Ln Wt LnW0 SGR = 100 t, W t (g), W 0 (g), t (d) 1.6 数据处理 ± (Mean±SD), SPSS 18.0 (ANOVA), Duncan,, 0.05, P< 结果 2.1 饲料中南极大磷虾粉对点带石斑鱼幼鱼组织氟分布的影响, ( ),,, ~ mg/kg ~ mg/kg, ( )(44.127~ mg/kg), (7.654~ mg/kg), (3.352~3.999 mg/kg)( 2) Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 6 /

3 表 2 南极大磷虾粉对点带石斑鱼幼鱼各组织氟分布和氟蓄积浓度的影响 (mg/kg, 干质量 ) Tab. 2 The effect of Antarctic krill powder on fluorine concentration in different tissues of grouper fed four diets (mg/kg, dry matter basis) (d) (mg/kg) 0% 2% 4% 6% ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±2.385 Aa ±4.467 Aa 70.72±1.986 Ab ±6.582 Ab ±1.761 Aa ±2.145 Bb ±5.781 Bc ±2.657 Bd ±3.948 Ba ±5.687 Ca ±1.822 Cb ±7.221 Cc ( ) ±0.433 Aa ±3.451 Ab ±3.446 Abc ±4.491 Ac ±2.458 Ba ±2.923 Ab ±3.593 Bc ±1.619 Bd ±1.282 Ca ±6.672 Bb ±5.007 Bbc ±8.301 Bc ±3.164 Aa ±1.314 Ab ±3.391 Ac ±6.054 Ac ±3.996 Ba ±3.948 Aa ±3.130 Bb ±2.686 Bb ±7.028 Ca ±6.960 Ba ±5.604 Ca ±3.306 Cb ±0.429 Aa 8.040±0.121 Aa 9.469±0.700 Ab ±0.940 Ac ±0.348 Ba 9.965±0.905 Ba ±0.650 Bb ±0.750 Bb ±0.380 C ±1.799 C ±1.853 C ±2.431 C : (A, B, C) ; (a, b, c, d) (P<0.05), : % 2% 4% 6% d % 100 d d(p<0.05), 2% 4% 6%, 100 d>60 d>30 d, (P<0.05) ( ) 0%, d (P<0.05); 2% 100 d d; 4% 6% d 30 d (P<0.05) % 4% 6% 30 d, 60 d, 100 d, (P<0.05) 2% d, 100 d, d % 2% 4% 6%, d (P<0.05), 30 d, 60 d, 100 d 2.2 饲料中南极大磷虾粉水平对点带石斑鱼幼鱼组织氟蓄积的影响, ( ), : 30 d,, ( ) : (r=0.883, P=0.000) (r=0.937, P=0.000) ( )(r=0.921, P=0.000), (r=0.929, P=0.000) r,, ; P< d,, ( ) : (r=0.983, P=0.000) (r=0.899, P= 0.000) ( )(r=0.957, P=0.000), (r=0.863, P=0.000) 100 d,, ( ) : (r=0.860, P=0.000) (r=0.708, P=0.010) ( )(r=0.863, P=0.000) 2) :, ( 34 / 2015 / 39 / 6

4 d, 4 (P>0.05) d, 4% 6% 2% 0% (P<0.05), 2% 0% 4% 6% (P>0.05); 60 d, 6%, 4%, 2%, 0%, (P<0.05); 100 d, 6% 4% 2% 0%, 6% >4% (P<0.05) ( ) 30 d, 6% 4% 2% 0%, 4% 6% 4% 2%, 6% 2% ; 60 d, 6% 4% 2% ( ) 0%, 4 (P<0.05),, 6% >4% >2% (P<0.05); 100 d, 4 30 d d, 4% 6% (P>0.05), 2% 0%, 2% 0% ; 60 d, 4% 6% 2% 0%, 0% 2%, 4% 6% (P>0.05); 100 d, 6% 0% 2 4% (P<0.05), 0% 2% 4% d, 4% 6% 2% 0% (P<0.05), 6% >4% (P<0.05), 2% 0% ; 60 d, 4% 6% 0% 2% (P<0.05), 0% 2%, 4% 6% (P>0.05); 100 d, 4 (P>0.05) 2.3 饲料中南极大磷虾粉水平对点带石斑鱼幼鱼生长的影响 ( 1) 30 d, 4 SGR (P> 0.05); 60 d, 6% 0% SGR, 6% 2% 4% SGR (P>0.05), 2% 4% SGR 0% (P<0.05); 100 d, 2% 0%, 4% 6% SGR (P>0.05), 4% 6% 0% 2% (P<0.05) 1 Fig. 1 The growth performance of groupers fed four diets at different sampling time (P<0.05) Values with different superscripts (a and b) indicate significant differences (P<0.05) 3 讨论与结论 3.1 饲料南极大磷虾粉对点带石斑鱼幼鱼组织氟分布的影响, ( ), [1, 16] ( ),,, ( ),,, d, ( ), [17],, [1],,, Moren [18] Yoshitomi [19-20], ( ), ( ),,, ( ) [21], (Acipenser baerii), ( ) Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 6 /

5 [1, 17],, (Salmo salar) [22-23], (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) [23] (Gadus morhua) [23], (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [20],,, 4 [23], 100% [24] (Scophthalmus maximus) [25] [20] (Seriola quinqueradiata) [26],, [27-28],, 3.2 饲料中南极大磷虾粉水平对点带石斑鱼幼鱼组织氟蓄积的影响, ( ),,, ( ), [25] [19] Shi [29] (75.2~1478.3)mg/kg, 12,,,,,,,, [21] [22],, d,, 100 d,, 3.3 饲料中南极大磷虾粉水平对点带石斑鱼幼鱼生长的影响 Suontama [30], 40%,, 100 d Tibbetts [31],,,, 25%~50%, Yoshitomi [19], 30% ( 444 mg/kg) ( 105 mg/kg), Hansen [24] 100%, 100 d, ( 470 mg/kg), ( 640 mg/kg),, [32] (350 mg/kg), 30 d,, ; 60 d, ; 100 d, 4% 6% Shimizu [33] (Pagrus major), [34],,, [35],, 4%~6%,,, [36],,,,, [37] : [1] Camargo J A. Fluoride toxicity to aquatic organisms: a review[j]. Chemosphere, 2003, 50(3): [2],. [J]., 1982, 3(4): 1-5. [3] Bhatnagar C, Bhatnagar M, Regar B C. Fluoride-induced histopathological changes in gill, kidney, and intestine of fresh water teleost, Labeo rohita[j]. Fluoride, 2007, 36 / 2015 / 39 / 6

6 40(1): [4] Kumar A, Tripathi N, Tripathi M. Fluoride-induced biochemical changes in fresh water catfish (Clarias batrachus, Linn.)[J]. Fluoride, 2007, 40(1): [5],,. [J]., 2009, 16(3): [6],,,. [J]., 2012, 31(2): [7],,,. [J]., 2013, 32(6): [8] Storebakken T. Krill as a potential feed source for salmonids[j]. Aquaculture, 1988, 70(3): [9] Olsen R E, Suontama J, Langmyhr E, et al. The replacement of fish meal with Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba in diets for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar[j]. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2006, 12(4): [10],. [J]., 1995, 19(4): [11] Adelung D, Buchholz F, Culik B, et al. Fluoride in tissues of krill Euphausia superba Dana and Meganyctiphanes norvegica M. Sars in relation to the moult cycle[j]. Polar Biology, 1987, 7(1): [12],,. [M]. :, 2007: [13] GB , : [S].,, [14] GB/T , : [S].,, [15],,,. 2 [J]., 2014, 26(9) : [16] Gikunju J K, Maitho T E, Birkeland J M, et al. Fluoride levels in water and fish from Lake Magadi (Kenya) [J]. Hydrobiologia, 1992, 234(2): [17] Sands M, Nicol S, McMinn A. Fluoride in Antarctic marine crustaceans[j]. Marine Biology, 1998, 132(4): [18] Moren M, Suontama J, Hemre G I and 4 others. Element concentrations in meals from krill and amphipods, Possible alternative protein sources in complete diets for farmed fish[j]. Aquaculture, 2006, 261(1): [19] Yoshitomi B, Aoki M, Oshima S, et al. Evaluation of krill (Euphausia superba) meal as a partial replacement for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets[j]. Aquaculture, 2006, 261(1): [20] Yoshitomi B, Aoki M, Oshima S. Effect of total replacement of dietary fishmeal by low fluoride krill (Euphausia superba) meal on growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in fresh water[j]. Aquaculture, 2007, 266(1): [21],,,. [J]., 2009, 4(2): [22] Julshamn K, Malde M K, Bjorvatn K, et al. Fluoride retention of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed krill meal[j]. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2004, 10(1): [23] Moren M, Malde M K, Olsen R E, et al. Fluorine accumulation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) and Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) fed diets with krill or amphipod meals and fish meal based diets with sodium fluoride (NaF) inclusion[j]. Aquaculture, 2007, 269(1): [24] Hansen J Ø, Penn M, Øverland M, et al. High inclusion of partially deshelled and whole krill meals in diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) [J]. Aquaculture, 2010, 310(1): [25],,,. [J]., 2012, 33(1): [26] Yoshitomi B, Nagano I. Effect of dietary fluoride derived from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) meal on growth of yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) [J]. Chemosphere, 2012, 86(9): [27],,. I. [J]., 2000, 22(2): [28],,,. [J]., 2012, 33(24): [29] Shi X, Wang R, Zhuang P, et al. Fluoride retention after dietary fluoride exposure in Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii[j]. Aquaculture Research, 2013, 44(2): Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 6 /

7 [30] Suontama J, Karlsen Ø, Moren M, et al. Growth, feed conversion and chemical composition of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) fed diets supplemented with krill or amphipods[j]. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2007, 13(4): [31] Tibbetts S M, Olsen R E, Lall S P. Effects of partial or total replacement of fish meal with freeze-dried krill (Euphausia superba) on growth and nutrient utilization of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) fed the same practical diets[j]. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2011, 17(3): [32] NY , : [S]. :, [33] Shimizu C, Ibrahim A, Tokoro T, et al. Feeding stimulation in sea bream, Pagrus major, fed diets supplemented with Antarctic kill meals[j]. Aquaculture, 1990, 89(1): [34],,,. [J]., 2010, 32(4): [35],. [M]. :, 1990: [36] Metcalfe-Smith J L, Holtze K E, Sirota G R, et al. Toxicity of aqueous and sediment-associated fluoride to freshwater organisms[j]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2003, 22(1): [37] Tou J C, Jaczynski J, Chen Y C. Krill for human consumption: Nutritional value and potential health benefits[j]. Nutrition Reviews, 2007, 65(2): Effect of Antarctic krill powder on tissue fluoride accumulation and growth of juvenile grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus) HUANG Yan-qing, GONG Yang-yang, LU Jian-xue, GAO Lu-jiao, HUANG Hong-liang (Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, , China) Received: Jan., 7, 2014 Key words: Antarctic krill powder; Epinephelus malabaricus; fluoride accumulation; specific growth rate Abstract: The fluoride accumulation in various tissues and the growth of juvenile grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus) after fed diets supplemented with Antarctic krill powder were analyzed. The diets were supplemented with 0% (control group), 2%, 4% and 6% Antarctic krill powder, respectively and the fluoride concentrations in the experimental feeds were , , and mg/kg, respectively. The four diets were fed to juvenile groupers for 100 days. The results showed that the hard tissues, such as gill and vertebra, had the highest fluoride level, followed by skin (including scale) and liver, and muscle showed the lowest fluoride retention. The level of fluoride in vertebra, skin (including scale) and gill increased with feeding time and a positive correlation between dietary fluoride from krill powder and fluoride content in these tissues was observed. The fluoride content in liver increased with feeding time as well, but with no correlation between krill powder inclusion level, while there was no correlation between krill powder inclusion level and fluoride level in the muscle of juvenile groupers. Significantly higher specific growth rate was observed in groupers fed with 4% or 6% krill powder included diets compared to that in control group (P<0.05), including krill powder in the diet at certain levels could promote the growth of juvenile grouper. ( 本文编辑 : 谭雪静 ) 38 / 2015 / 39 / 6

32期

32期中国农学通报 2014,30(32):38-42 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 中草药饲料添加剂对黄鳝性激素含量的影响 1,2 1,2 1,2 2 赵庆凯, 丁炜东, 邴旭文, 王建新 ( 1 南京农业大学无锡渔业学院, 江苏无锡 214081; 2 中国水产