action competence Jensen & Schnack, 1997 Jensen, 2002 Bishop & Scott, 1998 Breiting Mogensen 1999 Jensen Nielsen

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1 LNT Jensen LNT 1990 Hangerford & Volk, 199 Jensen Schnack

2 action competence Jensen & Schnack, 1997 Jensen, 2002 Bishop & Scott, 1998 Breiting Mogensen 1999 Jensen Nielsen

3 Activities Actions Environ-action Jensen Jensen Jensen & Schnack, 1997:173 knowledge / insight commitment 16

4 vision action experience Jensen Schnack : A wish to act Knowledge of action possibilities Confidence in own influence MUVIN

5 2002: what why how where 18

6 Jensen & Schnack, Jensen & Schnack, 1997 Breiting Mogensen 1999 Uzzel, 1999 Jensen,1995 Mogensen,

7 Breiting Mogensen identifying exposing analyzing Jensen & Nielsen, 2003 Jensen & Schnack, 1997 Mogensen 1997 emancipation visionary thinking Mogensen,

8 Mogensen, 1997: The epistemological perspective 2 The transformative perspective 3 The dialectial perspective contextualization of information 21

9 4 The holistic perspective Jickling 1991 Jensen Jensen 22

10 Leave No Trace LNT Marion & Reid, 2001 LNT LNT 1960 Jensen, Bradley, 1979 Marion & Reid, U.S Forest Service National Park Service Bureau of Land Management U.S Fish and Wildlife Service NLOS, National Outdoor Leadership School Leave No Trace LNT Annette 1998 NOLS LNT. Inc 23

11 2000 LNT. Inc LNT Center for Outdoor Ethics 2006 LNT 3 backcountry frontcountry Plan Ahead and Prepare Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces Dispose of Waste Properly Leave What You Find Minimize Use and Impact from Fires Respect Wildlife Be Consider of Other Visitors Daniels Marion 2005 LNT LNT LNT LNT Outdoor Ethics Low Impact Skills 3 4 LNT 24

12 Harding, Borrie, & Cole, 200 Daniels & Marion, 2005 holistic Leopold 2006 land is community 2006 LNT 2006 LNT Daniels Marion 2005 LNT LNT Pack In Pack out LNT Moskowitz & Ottey, 2006 Moskowitz Ottey 2006 LNT 25

13 LNT Conscious Impact Living LNT Live Simply Think Globally and Plan Ahead Follow the Precautionary Principle Reduce, Reuse, Recycle,Relearn Follow Nature's Lead and Blend Into Your Surroundings 26

14 2-2-1 Use Appropriate Technology and Use Technology Appropriately Show respect and compassion for all forms of life Moskowitz Ottey 2006 LNT 1997 LNT LNT LNT Aram 1997 LNT LNT Fact Level Concept Level Value Level

15 2-2-2 LNT Fact Level Concept Level LNT Value Level Aram 1997:6 5. Braithwait Aram, 1997 LNT LNT Aram Aram 1997:4-5 LNT Role Modeling 28

16 Teachable Moments Value Clarification LNT Service LNT Current Events Aram LNT field trips hiking 29

17 Gherda, 1998 LNT LNT LNT LNT Trainer Course Master McPherson, 2006 LNT Marion Daniels % LNT 30% LNT 91% LNT LNT LNT

18 LNT LNT LNT Marion Daniels 2005 setting duration of involvement affective component discussion of practical actions LNT LNT 31

19 2004 small group learning Cooper & Robinson, primary group secondary gregarious group category group functional group Knowls

21 Cooper & Robinson, Cooper Robinson 2000:10-14 Piaget 6 Forsyth Klein

22 Learning Together informal non-formal 2004 contex process 35

23 36 UNESCO 1978 Hungerford & Volk, 1990 Tanner Chawla,1999 Chawla % / 25% % 2003

24 2005 Winter Koger 2004 social influnce Weber(1995) conformity compliance obedience Myers, norm postconformity justification Cognitive Dissonance Theory Taylor, Peplau & Sears, 1999 Winter Koger

25 social diffusion Weber, 1995 Winter & Koger, 2004 Taylor et al., 1999 foot-in-the-door effect Impression Management Pallack Cook Sullivan Winter & Koger, Raven Rubin Taylor et al.,

26 2-3-1 reward coercion expertise information reference power legitimate authority Taylor 1999 Taylor et al., 1999 Fein Heck Ferreira

27 LNT 40

28 learning episodic 41

29 8 Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Knowls traditional studenent Hore,

30 motivation activity

31 1996 Boshier 1971 Educational Participation Scales, EPS cognitive interest professional advancement. escape/stimulation social welfare external expectation social relation Wlodkowsk time continue

32 2003 Sanders 1995 presentation dialogue debate illustrate demonstration lecture 45

33 Brookfield, kinesthetical 1997 Jensen 46

34 John Fine Mezirow Transformative Learning Theory Mezirow Mezirow Mezirow 10 Jensen

35 2002 Mezirow 48

2005 LNT 2006 LNT LNT LNT LNT LNT 4-1-1 4-1-1 2006 4-6 LNT 1. 4/13 2. 3. LNT 4/22 LNT 1. LNT 2. 72

-071123 2008 LNT LNT LNT LNT 71 2005 LNT 2006 LNT LNT LNT LNT LNT 4-1-1 4-1-1 2006 4-6 LNT 1. 4/13 2. 3. LNT 4/22 LNT 1. LNT 2. 72 4/25 4-1-1 5/02 1. 2. LNT 5/09 5/16 1. 1 2. 2 5/24 LNT 5/31-6/1 01-060529