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1 參例論老參 1 了麗了度不倫理參神度參年理參例論度力量力力更老參力倫理老識歷不利力年來兩來更理 1 不行參漏 address r @ntu.edu.tw 1

2 When Bio-technology Meets Religions An Investigation to the Process of Legalization on Surrogate Motherhood and the patterns of political participation of the Catholic Church and the Presbyterian Church Ke-Hsien Huang M. A. in Sociology, National Taiwan University Abstract Biotechnology provides people a hope about perfect future, but it also implies coming with highly uncertain risks that can t be solved only by scientists. Having a will to participate in the policy on biotechnology based on the belief, Religions may help the construction of the reflexive science and risk democratization. Therefore, This paper chooses the process of legalization on surrogate motherhood happened in 1999 to examine what attitude and action religious groups take toward this policy about the applied biotechnology in chapter two. We find although the Catholic church didn t play a decisive role during the process of preventing legalization, it still give a hand at the key point catering for the political environment of the day and cooperating with other forces. This mode is exactly how religious groups may influence the public in the modern secularized society. In chapter three, we analyze how religious groups make decision on the issue they choose to participate, at the meanwhile what factors leads to the degrees they influence the policy. This paper explore the religious belief interacting with the mode of organization make the Catholic church pay much attention to the issue about bioethics, the Presbyterian church to about the Taiwanese consciousness. And the historical experiences of the Catholic church heavily develop a more unfavorable habitus to exert its influence than the Presbyterian church. However, in the recent years the relations between the two religion and politics have changed, the last part of this paper will engage in the initiatory investigation of it. Keywords surrogate motherhood the relation between religion and politics biotechnology risk society Catholic church 2

in Sociology, National Taiwan University Abstract Biotechnology provides people a hope about perfect future, but it also implies coming with highly uncertain risks that can t be solved only by

3 一. 生物社會帶來的風險政治中, 宗教可能扮演的角色 1953 年來利 James Watson and Francis Crick 了 DNA 螺 70 年 DNA 80 年利來不識領更了不 70 年 1982 年列行更 1984 年立來不 2 李立來 bio-society 來論臨了度不 2000a 力量見利了了論律立了累力易利了利 Wright 1994 僚利行數了來 Jurgen Habermas 力識來理論更了了 Ulrich Beck 理年略 1990 年 1999 年 1995 年立年立 3

bio-society 來論臨了度不 2000a 力量見利了了論律立了累力易利了利 Wright 1994 僚利行數了

4 了了 2000b 80 年了不論流數論 Gottweis 1998 異理了 reflexive science 了參領論立理識 Beck 1992 參識識了度行立 habitus Bourdieu 1991 識更度力力若來立不利倫理論領論 90 年了理老不度例來行參料來理不類行立律倫理論來度裡不不度行裡老例 3 兩例來累 4 3 參 McAdam, McCarthy, Zald 歷 4

5 5 二. 宗教團體參與代理孕母政策的過程與分析 1. 台灣關於代母合法化爭議的三個階段年 1799 年 John Hunter 了類例了 1978 年類理 70 年 80 年 1986 年 7 倫領理行例了 1988 年 2 更論理理利行律理 1989 年 3 論 6 不 1992 年 10 行 1994 年行令理理 1996 年 1 30 行兩例倫老參老歷若論李葉行立領不連理理更 5 理 surrogate motherhood 1978 年流 Time 來女女論不參 Silver 1996 理理卵不論若說 6 女六念女女若理例女念理卵不契利律參

行例了 1988 年 2 更論理理利行律理 1989 年 3 論 6 不 1992 年 10 行 1994 年行令理理 1996 年 1 30 行兩例倫老參

6 更不玲 1997 年年 1996 年 5 立不女說論理論不女行說力不不女 7 不女路歷女理了 1996 年 9 度量理年 6 理兩論了 180 度 1997 年 9 12 立度不女更說不律來理論浪理行年 1999 年 3 4 行理領 8 參年年年行女女論女 7 了連理不女理參立 1997 年 7 10 聯玲了兩歷理 8 女 1999 年 5 六參 1999 年 5 21 年 3 26 浪 6

7 女落女行女論更立女見立量流度理流論了理立理倫 3 烈論流不力行不 2000 年 5 20 更更李亮了 10 理度 2001 年 3 兩理行兩年來論兩見李亮了女理律倫理 2000 年 10 2 行行立了了說 2. 宗教界對代理孕母合法化的看法與行動 1999 年 3 度度 3 4 行 99 年類論行倫理論累了論行倫理倫理立論論裂倫理論 7

8 論不數了女倫理了立金力老倫理葉立老說了都女療裡不女女見不類不不類倫理若不來領見領立參量略量論兩壘識年來數論冷說論數論論領不女女論倫理見倫理拉論度度倫理立見了流見不理老更理識理度了說 3 24 立立金理度切立理量不魯行 4 9 女立立行理 4 14 行便立 3 見參 8

9 倫理不理倫理論利論立連立來 1999 年 5 9 連立不更立行倫理立女 1999 年 4 13 立了說立切老參倫理行念 9 參來老了兩老倫理參了不論連老論來老理說立參行說冷不參度老不不 3. 代母合法化過程的分析裡了理切更了 9 念 new social movement 了度見流力參林力來力更行見參 9

10 a. 由技術專家組成的委員會研擬草案行識來行利林例立了了泌尿律理參利度論論 10 度來什理率倫理量倫理參論倫理省倫理了倫理不律了了不度都理參了類歷度論來不 Helco 1974 不女說不女淚 1996 年不力 1997 年 6 度不行不若僚利量僚邏凌理來行行 10 見林

11 b. 政府官僚的決策考量兩年 30 論良力女立立理切不切度年理念療 Deregulation 療 Diversification 行 Decentralization 立 Privatization Industrialization 療參來療療理念理 1998 劉丹來療不女不來不了林立量年立論 99 年行若來數理了理不女兩不行不行 c. 台灣政治制度環境之特質的影響力理 99 年 3 冷理來輪易 99 年 3 理說連見論力立不不 11

理念理 1998 劉丹來療不女不來不了林 1999 56 立量年立論 99 年行若來數理了理不女兩不

12 見 11 利不利了力度度 2000 年了讉 blame avoidance 行不不量理了冷理來來什不都弄不不更流了理什李亮了參數僚了女論讉行力 d. 宗教團體起到的作用來不理力說來不論略不來練流年論了不不例更利說行僚立連見來利立行行力不異見冷理來力臨見年 3 26 理 12

13 12 立理都來都量領來烈見省不兩念都領來 e. 小結不力略來行度度論不了行略不略不力來立行行立女女論說行裡度了行略度行略力理立見理來立度力行僚力見女說略論力立不裡理論理識量量立來了不理論 12 論理論論女 13

14 說了利若見理來理例例行來來行見例三. 影響宗教團體政治參與的因素分析見了 13 流論立領立連行老 14 異什理切 1 行論歷 3 力 4 領類更更理老參參露什 frame process 15 識理參了兩理度 13 歷行不見暴行不不見倫理異都裡流不說連 14 老老立什見什什老裡冷便兩年都論理見 D F 老行 15 念 Snow 理念 Snow et al 來例 Taylor and Whittier 1986 論行 Macro 行行

15 參兩異 A 理度度羅 1987 年力行羅理行不不行兩連不不不禮不不更力歷來理兩立切 1997 來倫理不力更倫理倫理見論 18 論倫理行了行兩女略了立類女女女 19 老理度 16 參 1987 年參 1999 年參參立裂倫理論 1999 年 3 11 裂論 1999 年理倫理 1999 年

19 老理度 16 參 1987 年 3 12 17 參 1999 年 8 15 18 參 2347 2352 2354 2356 2377

16 倫理不烈 20 烈老立老倫理了來不類量量切句說理金不女離倫理不律更不律更力不理律立療倫理療倫理 21 老立不了倫理見來說不倫理例北兩見不 B 參度度列 1 勵參力量 2 參 3 參立度年理論了參度說留若不參參度參 1999 年 3 21 理立倫理女女 22 例不勵參勵參不 16

度度列 1 勵參力量 2 參 3 參立度 1990 1960 年理論了參度說留若不參 22

17 度連類 24 落歷了歷來度來了異度離度 25 不不論度老 26 Dietrich Bonhoeffer 行立力 1991 老老 27 了老阮見更不不不 2345 類不老類更不良若不理念亂 2414 不沈淪力說利六更例見領力不論禮 23 類切參不更更更行參 25 參 26 老倫理列 1. 不理更歷 2. 老不歷 3. 識歷 4. 參 Leith 年 4 11 參老料

念亂 2414 不沈淪力說利六更例見領力不論禮 23 類切參 1989 24 不更更更行參 25 參 26 老倫

18 契來復來老年路老兩來不老不參參領勵參 2438 老不老歷倫理行不識論歷了更切兩歷歷度論度來路歷了參 1626 年六年了 1642 蘭領了 1858 年來來說 1949 年說不不數 1998 來年力老年烈識立度兩

19 來陸來歷識例 1996 來良便 1997 了參冷度烈立 28 例麗理數力量度論不立連 29 更來說來領參了略度老歷說老歷說老 1865 年來不了老識練了來度良 1969 年切暴露了力令不老識了立 70 年老索了行不見暴行不不不神例見 A 29 領參年 1975 年 1977 年立立立惡參老料

1969 年切暴露了力令不老識了立 70 年老索了 30 28 行不見暴行不不不神例見 A

20 1968 年令羅老不 1979 年不理老立老度烈 1979 年麗連老 1984 年刺不立了理念 31 老更更落行不見論 1987 年 32 老不連 1988 年 1 行北兩老兩 1995 了 90 年老參立年來更行利念禮老歷屢屢落來力說路路路年來路若路了不 33 參行年老 1985 年老 32 年老立論立說立年參年 33 habitus Bourdieu 理論力列歷行歷行略參 Bourdieu

念禮老歷屢屢落來力說路路路年來路若路了不 33 參行 31 1980 年老 1985 年老 32 年老

21 力 mobilizing structures 率見力力力例論參 McAdam Zald 年來裡力領力不切力了了論裡兩行不度了來了領 1991 力來 1997 流句羅說了便了 1999 年年了不羅不見力若靈 1973 了切利憐 34 說歷了參參力參參論 126 羅力羅 21

22 參不立更論例樂理倫理不論不理論 20 論不更律女來論理論論理念領老力留了老參立老行力識了連力率不老 1995 老說老什流隸立來北了聯令老 36 量來力兩說力念不易不力更不例歷切 36 參

23 說老都若理說度力老落不立參老量來不來來度林例 1997 年 6 28 say no to China 行了參立老練念理念理力歷領識更便 37 行力年老論行略見 2000 年年 9 26 老立度歷了年來了力力行年 37 老若老不若不老老來了老行見若行 23

24 令若異老領識理倫理不見不領類來理領類度參類來略 2001 女略女度例度說立領類來了更年領來領識力易來不領易識不來利來類不度識不見領陸歷來 38 類歷 38 力略老聯行更略參

25 1979 年利諾年兩參年年理領不列領類歷 42 了領識參行老領不了力律練領老識領更理念倫理利倫理不易領力量歷省易省林例 say no to China 省行不領省了論歷理老參來更參理了參力了理老不年老念年行聯念禮利諾女參亂了麗不 40 兩不離兩 41 勞勞立不蘭力力 42 了不歷識零領隸力 25

26 參更理論都不了狀了了力老參理歷力不更力量四. 結論與反省宗教在現代 ( 風險 ) 社會中施行公共影響力時的處境與策略來臨不行立便連樂 2001 年 11 4 來類不論例了 2000 年 43 論數倫理見 2002 年不理例了不論見了兩索年 1 29 聯了 living modified organism 不了紐串連力說年年參 2000c 44 離僚略令理度臨不零參 2000d 26

27 力若切理論度臨理了領了力量力理行 45 理論論年盧盧來說度識行 Luhmann 理例參兩不參論量來女來論 46 立立倫理理不了力若力力不來行力不理力聯來理便力量略利來 47 Peter Beyer 理理連來力 48 Beyer 句說來臨更力例說論 45 不理零參說識都論不論不 47 例利不領更論利倫理量理不女利 48 Beyer 裡不 27

28 力來論不淪利量影響台灣天主教與長老教會的政治參與模式的因素分析參歷了路了兩不倫理 v.s. 老識倫理立降念樂理度路念倫理立 49 老度度立領不倫理力領見識 50 力兩異歷力老來兩力歷領類雷參參不力不 51 力 52 不老參累略參老 49 來倫理理年老參了參 49% 參年老聯蘭 51 利六參說力參數 28

29 類歷輪度例不不例 1999 年年立 53 更不論不不累 53 年來論立不見更力 2001 年立六立來力量 29

30 參北北理北行北老料老老老福利北北流林福利論福利北流林療力療度北參福利北流老倫理北玲理聯年來北論女理論 30

31 理女理理念倫理理倫理林女理論行理論女年識理論年年論年行老神神論練福立老神羅羅北老參歷理念北 Luhmann N 31

32 北 Orr Robert D 識倫理北 Silver L 北 Bourdieu P Wacquant L.D 北 Bourdieu P 1991 Genesis and Structure of the Religion Field, Comparative Social Research 13:1-43 Wright Susan 1994 Social Transformation of Recombinant DNA Technology Molecular Politics: Developing American and British Regulatory Policy for Genetic Engineering Chicago The University of Chicago Press Gottweis Herbert 1998 Molecular Risk: The Asilomar Legacy in the United States and in Europe Governing Moleculars Cambridge MA: MIT Press Doug McAdam John D.McCarthy Mayer N.Zald 1996 Introduction: Opportunities, mobilizing structures, and framing processes toward a synthetic, comparative perspectives on social movement Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Helco H 1974 Modern Social Politics in Britain and Sweden in From Relief to Income Maintenance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press Robertson, Roland 1984 Liberation Theology in Latin America: Sociological Problems of Interpretation and Explanation in Prophetic Religions and Politic , New York: Paragon House 1987, Latin America and Liberation Theology, in Church-State Relations: Tensions and Transitions, pp , Thomas Robbins and Roland Robertson (eds.) New Brunswick: Transaction Books Leith, John H 1987 Presbyterianism, Reformed The Encyclopedia of Religion 15: Beyer P 1994 Religion and globalization London, U.K. : Thousand Oaks, Calif : Sage Beck U 1992 Risk Society Toward a New Modernity London ; Newbury Park, Calif. : Sage Publications,

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untitled 長期以來, 被譽為順民的香港市民, 都是毫不置疑就全盤接受警察的執法方式, 在維持社會秩序的大道理下, 也很少對警權濫用提出質疑, 甚至未經反省便認同當權者對相關群體所營造的刁民形像其實, 警權過大及濫用的問題由來已久橫