-, 1944,1948,1960,,, - ( ), ,96 % ; , 80 %, % 60,,, % 70,, 50 90, 20 % 33 % ; 1991, 10 % 1986,80 % ; 78, 21 % 22 %

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1 ,,, ;,,,, ; ( ), ; ( ), ;,, ; (1867 ), %,,,,,, 30

2 -, 1944,1948,1960,,, - ( ), ,96 % ; , 80 %, % 60,,, % 70,, 50 90, 20 % 33 % ; 1991, 10 % 1986,80 % ; 78, 21 % 22 % ;, 9 % 13 % ; 40 %, 64 % ;, (2 %) ; 85 %,,, : (1965 ), : ( Public Policy in Canada :An Introduction), 2,,,1993, 255 : ( Canada :A Portrait),,1989,

3 ,, :,,, , 2172, 3115 ; 2164, 2157, 2133, 2112, 17 (the founding peoples), ; (1774 ) 1791 (1841 ) 1982,, ( ),, ;,, 80 %, 90 %, % %,,, % ; 97 %, 88 %,,,, L E : ( Richer and Poorer : The Structure of Inequality in Cana2 da),,1998, 63 32

4 , :,,, :, , 60 (Cultural Pluralism),,, ( ),, 3 : (1) ; (2) ; (3) ,, 3,,,,,,,,, ( ), R C : ( Cultural Diversity and Canadian Educa2 tion : Issues and Innovations),,1984, 518 : : ( Continental Divide : the Values and Institutions of the United States and Canada),,1990, 180 H : ( The Canadian Encyclopedia), 3,,1988, , R C : :,,

5 , : (1) ; (2),,,, : (1), ; (2),,,,, ;, ;,, ;,, 1988,, : , (1977 ) (1982 ) (1988 ),,,,,,, ; 1972, ;1973,, ; ( ) , : ( The Canadian Multiculturalism Act :A Guide for Canadi2 ans),,1990, 13 :,

6 ( ),,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, / 1500, , 1859 ; ; ,,,,,,,, (Affirmative Action),,, 1976, ( 1947 ) 1947, ( ),,, (1988 ),,,, (minority), ( ) ( ), A7 35

7 ,, ( ) , 1991, 580, % % ; % 67 % % 83 %, 78 % 86 %, 90 % , ,,,,,,,,,, :, ;,,,, (symbolism), :,,,,,, :,, ( ) 1998 (CD ), ( ), A7 36

8 ,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, -,,,, ;,, ( ),,,, ( ),,,,,, : :, 179 ; : : ( Immigration in Canada : Historical Perspective),1994, ; :,

9 ,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, ABC : A Acceptance ( ),, ; B Belonging( ),, ; C Contribution( ),,,,,,, 1992 (Calgary Herald), (Baltej Singh Dhillon),,,,, 1985,, 56 %, 27 % ; 1995, 44 % 40 %,, :,,1995 1, 231 J M : : ( Sociology : Canadian Edi2 tion),,1994, 80 38

10 ,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), ;,,,,, :,,, L : : ( Ethnic Canadians, Culture and Education,),,1978, 273 : :, 298 R : : ( Canadian Society : Sociological Perspectives),,,1971, 388 :,

11 ,,,, 70,,,?, % ; %, 80,,, Abstract Canada s relatively open immigration policy has provided the social conditions for immigrants from different countries in keeping the cultural diversity and gradually realizing blend among ethnic groups. The development and recognition of Canada s national character of pluralistic integration have experienced a long historical period. Canada is the first Western country to announce and implement an official policy of multiculturalism. In 1971 the govern2 ment adopted the policy of multiculturalism within a bilingual framework. At the time it was widely considered as a measure to ameliorate biculturalism. The Canadian Multiculturalism Act (1988) showed that multiculturalism had become a key aspect of the government s national policy. Although there are still many interpretations of how the ideology of multiculturalism should actually manifest itself and there are still many barriers, which prevent some Canadians from becoming full and equal participants in Canadian society, the introduction of the policies has called attention to the importance of diversity within Canadian society and has engendered general recognition of the principles of freedom and equality. Multiculturalism still provides an invaluable resource in the shaping of Canada s future, and its theoretical and practical per2 spectives are a useful model for other nations. (,,,250100) 1998 (CD ), 40

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