97 1932 1932 8
98 Abstract A Reinvestigation on How Wang and Zhang Came Into Conflict (1932) Mei-hwa Chou * In the early August of 1932, Prime Minister Wang Ching-wei( ) suddenly telegrammed to request a resignation and also asked Zhang Xue-liang( ) to resign his post too accusing Zhang of "drawing together his crowds in the false name of national defense." Because of this incident, all the administrative officials of the Executive Yuan resigned as Zhang and Wang scolding each other. At that time, the political storm among the military and political circles began to shape. The discussion of this very problem in the past focused on why Wang initiated the political turbulence and why Zhang was selected as the target of attack. The analysis of this problem such way had a clear premise while the focus was on the power struggle between Chiang kai-shek( ) and Wang, taking Zhang as a "bull's eye" of the confrontation between Chiang and Wang. As a matter of fact, "power struggle" is by no means the only criterion to measure the root of this problem. Of recent years, some scholars proposed that we should not ignore Wang's earnest and urgent attitude on "issues toward Japan." This alternative analysis presented another perspective that helped clarify the root of this problem. But this argument still seemed inadequate in explaining how the event went along and what hidden implication the event had. This paper on the one hand discusses the problems presented on the telegrams where Wang and Zhang attacked each other, studies the current research arguments in question, and makes use of the relevant historical documents available in Academia Historica, including "The Chiang Kai-shek Collections" and "The Yen Hsi-shan Collections". By analyzing Wang's ideas and attitudes toward the political situations at that time and by understanding the basic ideology that hid behind the Trio's fighting against the Japanese invasion, we discover that all the three political figures actually stand in the same positions: they hope China could fight against the Japanese imperialism. What makes them different is when and how China should respond with wars since the three individuals have their own * Assistant Researcher, Academia Historica
99 base of benefits. Wang, who takes responsibility in politics and has to face pressure from the press, is liable to have "unconditional fighting back": no matter whether China is well prepared or whether the war could be won or lost, the first principle is to fight back the Japanese in no time. Zhang, who stands in the position of the Northeastern army, asks to have a "all set fighting": the Chinese try best to avoid any battles with the Japanese unless the Central Government is well-prepared and highly determined. He does not want the Northeastern army fighting along in the wars. Basically this different viewpoint results in the conflict between Wang and Zhang: one believes that the war is urgent and immediate while the other insists on delaying it. At the same time, Chiang who takes into account the huge gap in national power between China and Japan, and who expresses fear on the fast progress of the Communist Army, believes that the Chinese are "not able to fight against external invasion unless we can have domestic problems settled and the whole nation gets internally united." So the priority for Chiang lies in "having domestic problems settled" and his attitude toward Japan is therefore: "get ourselves prepared and wait." Thus, Chiang's response to the conflict between Wang and Zhang remains to be: "keep the current situations and ensure a stable political environments", in order to complete the sacred mission to eliminate the Communist army and to get prepared for the war by making a request that Zhang drives his force to Rehe( ). This way, the Trio obviously have a conflict of interests and have disharmonious steps in facing the Japanese invasion without being willing to negotiate the related problems openly. Since they are doubtful of each other, the unfortunate event thus happened. Key words: Chiang Kai-shek, Wang Ching-wei, Zhang Xue-liang, Fighting Against the Japanese Invasion, Defense Issues in Rehe
100 1932 * 1932 8 6 1 2 8 3 4 * 1 1932 8 6 1 1992 605 2 1932 8 6 1 604 3 7 21 8 7 41 6 36 4 1932 8 8 1 608
101 5 6 7 9 8 9 5 1932 8 8 1 606-607 6 1932 8 8 1 608-609 7 1932 8 8 1 610-611 8 1932 8 9 1 612 9 1932 8 6 1 605
102 10 11 10 1932 1993 5 176-180 1988 51 1988 205 11 2001 190-191
103 12 13 14 12 191 13 1930 5 19 195-205 14 1925-1936 265-266
104 15 16 17 18 19 20 15 16 17 18 19 20 1925-1936 327 21 1 19 21 1 21 23 26 21 1 30 3 12 221 20 4 60-67 68 77-93 1931 1936 88 53 61-63
105 21 22 23 24 1932 1 29 21 21 10 22 28 30 22 20 12 13 23 21 1 28 24 1978 236 68 248
106 25 26 27 3 2 28 25 21 1 31 36 26 27 28 1568 1993 1932 2 7 168 1994 193 21 2 15 36 1571 1990 1932 2 15 410 21 3 4 4 21 2 16 36 1573-1574
107 29 30 3 31 32 33 34 29 30 31 14 62 104 21 3 2 61 21 2 2 21 2 16 1925-1936 328 32 21 3 4 36 1584-1585 33 1 34 85 43 1925-1936 336 21 3 6
108 35 36 37 4 7 38 12 39 35 21 3 17 61 36 37 21 3 13 61 1931 1936 178 36 1607 38 21 3 28 39 21 4 1 1 1 21 7 15 159
109 40 3 5 5 41 42 43 21 44 45 46 3 9 5 11 5 40 21 4 1 1 21 5 22 10 12 41 42 43 44 45 46 21 5 22 1 9 21 5 6 21 5 10 17 36 1606 1932 5 23 24 439 4 21 6 12 2-5 21 5 12 21 6 25 1 1 161-162
110 47 48 49 47 21 5 13 31 21 7 5 48 21 6 10 15 49 189
111 50 51 6 52 53 18 50 51 1 3 21 9 15 29 52 21 6 15 53 1932 6 17 445
112 54 55 56 54 55 87-88 B0905 78 174 9 3 14 56 1931 12 29 1993 4 2 145
113 57 58 6 59 60 1930 61 57 58 59 1925-1936 283 38 2188 1932 6 18 177 60 21 6 19 62 61 1932 176-180 51 205
114 62 63 64 7 7 65 62 178 63 21 6 20 28 29 7 1 62 64 21 6 27 30 7 4 65 21 7 7 16 29-30
115 66 67 68 1926 69 70 71 14 66 21 6 25 62 67 68 90 37 55 69 1932 10 173-174 70 21 7 8 62 71 21 7 10 13
116 72 73 18 74 18 75 21 76 77 23 72 21 7 16 62 73 2002 23 74 21 7 18 16 75 76 32 14 46-48 1996 1932 7 19 615 1932 7 21 180 1932 7 22 616 77 2 79 21 7 24 495-496
117 9 78 79 80 81 78 18 20 21 7 22 23 79 21 7 25 62 80 81 1932 6 18 615 7 3 1992 1932 7 3 5 651-652 7 21 7 3 6
118 26~31 82 83 84 8 5 85 86 8 5 82 21 7 30 62 83 21 7 31 38 2186 84 21 7 30 62 1932 7 31 617 85 21 8 5 86 1931 1936 175
119 87 88 89 6 90 8 6 87 88 89 90 5 21 6 19 6-9 35 135 12 1990 2001 11 17 11
120 91 9 92 10 94 93 91 21 8 6 7 92 21 8 8 9 93 21 8 9 94 1 3 146 21 8 11 62
121 10 95 96 9 97 13 16 17 18 95 21 8 10 96 1932 8 10 181 97 21 8 10 11 12
122 98 99 100 101 17 102 103 104 98 21 8 18 21 8 13 62 99 35 135 12 100 21 8 17 62 101 21 8 19 62 102 71 12 103 21 8 27 62 104 21 8 13
123 105 106 20 22 105 21 8 27 62 106 65 21 8 13 14 495 21 8 13
124
125 20-21 14 16 21 61 62 71 1 85 36 54 6 38 54 12 3 1992 37 1925-1936
126 65 41 6 19 14 2 79 35 135 1996 2002 1 1992 2001 11 17 1978 1990 1993 2001 1932 1993 5 78 62 68 1988 1993 4 2 1931 1936 88 68
127 20 4 9 3 1988 1 3 21 9 15 21 5 6 21 5 22 21 5 13 21 2 16 20 12 13 21 4 1 21 7 5 21 5 31 7 21 7 3 5 21 6 19 4 21 6 12 1 21 5 22 1 1 21 7 15 1 3 21 9 15 1 21 5 22