跨越文藝復興女性畫像的格局—

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "跨越文藝復興女性畫像的格局—"

服瑕哀武
7 years ago
Views:

1 ~ 198 * *

2 158

3 159 A New Research on Feng Yu-hsiang and the People's Anti-Japanese Allied Army, 1933 Li, Chun-shan* Abstract The People's Anti-Japanese Allied Army in Chahar of 1933 is the last military gambling of Feng Yu-hsiang to challenge Chiang Kai-shek's power. Feng's original attempt is to organize the itinerant militarists and the militant rural combination in Chahar, in the name of anti-japanese invation, to call for an anti-chiang Alliance of other KMT factions. So in this article, the author differs from former researchers in that, besides the traditional focuses on "the war against Japan" and "the career of Feng Yu-hsiang", he also brings in the issue of militarism, especially the behavior model of the itinerant militarists and the militant rural combination, in order to explain the reasons why the Allied Army arose so rapidly and collapsed so easily. The author believes this would be an interesting dimension to understanding the Chahar event and the Chinese militarism in the 1930's. Keywords: Feng Yu-hsiang, militarism, the People s Anti-Japanese Allied Army, Chahar, petty warlords, itinerant militarist * Assistant Professor, Department of History, National Chung Hsing University.

4 160

5 161 * James E. Sheridan * 1 James E. Sheridan, Chinese Warlord: The Career of Feng Yu-hsiang (Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, 1966), pp

6 militarism 8 national militarism super-tuchuns provincial : : : :

7 163 9 militarism tuchuns Lucian W. Pye Phil Billingsley Lucian W. Pye, Warlord Politics (N. Y.: Praeger Publishers, Inc., 1971), pp Ibid., pp.39-59, Hsi-Sheng Ch i, Warlord Politics in China, (Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, 1976), pp.36-76, Sheridan, op. cit., pp Phil Billingsley, Bandits in Republican China (Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, 1988)

8 itinerant militarists 17 militant rural combination 18 militarization Ch i, op. cit., p Billingsley, op. cit., p.8.

9 Ibid., p Pye, op. cit., pp Ch i, op. cit., p.133.

12 George Wetzell

13 /

15 /

16 /

18 榘 A/1015/ (micro 143/ )

19 榘

21 :

26 alignment potential A/1015/ (micro 143/ ) Pye, op. cit., p :13 304

28 榘 :

35 A/1015/ (micro 143/ ) 10:

36 榘

37 petty warlords Sheridan, op. cit., p

38 榘

40 :

41 :1 1989: : Billingsley, Phil, Bandits in Republican China (Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, 1988). Ch i, Hsi-Sheng, Warlord Politics in China, (Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, 1976) Pye, Lucian W., Warlord Politics (N. Y.: Praeger Publishers, Inc., 1971) Sheridan, James E., Chinese Warlord: The Career of Feng Yu-hsiang (Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, 1966)

42 198

西漢晚期以來，儒家思想對社會已有了深入的影響，當時不論士庶，普遍對孝悌之行抱有由衷的敬意。在此背景下，原本存在於大家庭的治家之法，在士人階層發生了深刻而微妙的變化。士人立身以禮、躬行實踐的結果，推動著家庭內的倫理關係趨向於嚴謹規矩。

西漢晚期以來，儒家思想對社會已有了深入的影響，當時不論士庶，普遍對孝悌之行抱有由衷的敬意。在此背景下，原本存在於大家庭的治家之法，在士人階層發生了深刻而微妙的變化。士人立身以禮、躬行實踐的結果，推動著家庭內的倫理關係趨向於嚴謹規矩。 34 BIBLID1012-8514(2004)34p.381-402 2004 12 381~402 2004.3.29 2004.4.30 382 383 1 1 1944 2 384 2 3 political solipsism 4 Sinocentrism 5 Sinocentric world order 6 2 1977 441~480 442 443 3 286 1964 42 281