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34 ( ) ( 2004 34) L (1) (2) (3) (4)
35 ( 2001 49) ( 2000 271) Epstein(1997 75-99) Ng (1999 554)
36 ( ) ( 2001 5) Lupi and Tong (2001 165) (1) (2) (3) (4) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
37 ( 2005 35) ( 2004 33-34) ( 2000 117) ( 2004 119-120) 2004 153 2004 33 2003 7 ( 2005 25) Schwartz (1998 6-7)
38 ( ) Swick (2003 278-279) Ariza (2002 136-137) ( )
39 ( 2004 5) ( 2005 61) ( 2004 8-10) Banks and Banks 1995 contributions approach additive approach transformation approach decision-making and social action approach ( 1998 44-47) ( 2001 209)
40 ( ) Banks and Banks (1995 153) (Fong et. al., 2004 15) Fischer et. al. (2002 25) Lynch ( 1993 357) (ethnic additive model) J.A Banks (multiethnic model)
41 Lynch (Practitioner Research) ( 2004 10) ( 1998 18-19) ( ) ( 1998 78) (2001 80-87) 1. 2. 3.
42 ( ) 4. 5. (intellectual superiority) ( 1998 151) (critical friends) ( 2001 174-177) H H
43 ( 2002 112-117) L 10 1 2005/09/07 2005/09/14 2005/10/05
44 ( ) 2005/10/26 100 100 100 2005/11/09 2005/11/23 2005/12/07
45 2005/12/28 2006/01/04 2006/01/17 L
46 ( ) 1 L L ( 2000 177-178) L L 2 H 1 2
47 H L L 10 2-1 L L L
48 ( ) 2-1 ( 2005/09/07) ( 2005/09/07) L L L
49 L (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 2-2
50 ( ) 40 L 2-2 ( 2005/10/05) ( 2005/10/05) (
51 2005/10/27) L L ( 2005/10/26) 2005/10/27) ( 2005/10/26) ( 2005/10/26) ( 2005/10/27) L ( ( 2005/10/26) 2005/10/27)
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53 L H L (H 2005/11/25) 2-3 L 2-3 ( 2005/11/09) ( 2005/11/09)
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58 ( ) ( 2005/12/28) ( 2005/12/28) (L 2005/12/28) ( 2005/12/28) L (1) (2)
59 L L ( 2005/01/17)
60 ( ) 20 2-5 ( 2006/01/04) ( 2006/01/04) ( 2006/01/04) L ( L 2006/01/17) ( 2006/01/17) (L ( 2006/01/17)
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62 ( ) ( ) ( 2006/03/10) ( 2006/03/03) ( 2006/03/10) ( 2006/03/03)
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73 An Action Research on Parent-teacher Cooperation between Elementary School Tearchers and a Foreign Mother Ni ei su Master, Insititute of Sociology of Education, Nan-hwa University Abstract This paper attempts to devise some multi-culture curriculum that involves the parent-teacher cooperation in order to shorten the distance between foreign mothers, local fathers, students and teachers with on-site activities. The case study is on a second-year class in one elementary school. The mother of one student in this class is Indonesian. The multi-culture curriculum was conducted during the first semester of the second year and in concurrent with other subjects with ten sessions. Five out of these ten sessions invited the parents to take part so that teachers could work together with the parents. The research concludes the following: (1) A three-win situation among students, parents and teachers can be created with the parent-teacher cooperation. However, teachers have to take more initiatives. (2) Foreign parents learn to resolve misunderstandings through frequent contacts and interactions. However, this research activity did not influence much to the Indonesia mother. (3) Multi-culture curriculum has a
74 ( ) positive impact to children. It is a necessity given the population structure of Taiwan. Therefore, this research suggests the following: (1) Teachers may gradually step up the parent-teacher cooperation by inviting more parents to get involved. (2) With the participation of intermarriage families, the school and the class can further help foreign parents to integrate into the Taiwanese life via the parent-teacher cooperation. (3) Schools may beef up their multi-culture education content with flexible curriculum and by adopting multi-culture teaching materials. The next steps will be to enhance the content and depth of the teaching materials year by year so that the education does not only reach out to the children of intermarriages, but also to the foreign mothers so that they can be part of the education process of their children. Key Words Foreign Spouses, parent-teacher cooperation, multicultural education, action research