189 [ ]
[Abstract] The purport of the study is to discuss the death concept of Jesus and Paul in the New Testament, and find out its possible implication and application in the life-and-death education. First, I start from the attitudes of Jesus and Paul toward life and death and the life and death concepts they conveyed to bring up the possibility of re-understanding death. Further, from the embodiment of love by the martyrdom of Jesus, and from the manifestation of Jesus love by Paul, I try to link the contextual thinking of life love death. And to amply the study into the holistic education, therefore, I put forth the idea that the death concepts of Jesus and Paul in the New Testament may provide some inspiration and edification when the life-and-death education is putted into practice. In the first and last chapters, except the understanding and reflection of the research method, it talks about the reflection and exploration of the general concepts of death at present, and the reflection on death is at the core of the study. Chapter 2 is about the pre-understanding of the topic. On the one hand, it aims at explaining and understanding the preconception of my own that has been learned from my cultural tradition. On the other hand, it proceeds to understand the several important death concepts in the Western culture on a macro level through the evolution of history. Finally, I try to describe, as clearly as possible, the origin and difficulties of life and death depicted in the Old Testament as well as the life-and-death issues entailed by it. In chapter 3 and 4, the content is concerning the life-and-death attitudes
presented by Jesus and Paul and the life-and-death concepts they wanted to convey. As every one knows, Jesus was born in a humble manger and was crucified to death. Here his life and death is a process of embodying love. Exactly as he said for the purpose of his birth: it is not to be ministered unto and giveth his life for the sheep. A crucifix is the best emblem to show his unselfish love. Secondly, the life of Paul is a legend. He used to be an oppressor and turned out to be a brave warrior who preached the gospel of Jesus. Because of his efforts, the later generations can more easily understand the value and meaning of Jesus life. In short, because Paul clarified, through Jesus, the meaning of love and the way to practice love, Jesus love was glorified. And from the love manifested by the death of Jesus, we can maketh increase of the body unto the edifying of itself in love, and therefore settle down to life and death by love. According to the attitudes and concepts of Jesus and Paul toward life and death and the meaning and value of life and death introduced by them, Chapter 5 is to apply the study in the life-and-death education and brings up two possible practices. One is the highly valued Life Education in Taiwan today, and the other is the taboo and rejected Death Education. It s not my real intention to distinguish them, my intention is to start from the so called Life Education and then to explore the educational implication of Death. It is not possible to remove the death element from the life as a whole, for death is not only a part of life, but also is intrinsic in life. Therefore, the teaching tasks should start from human s fundamental problems, that is, the life-and-death lessons and issues.
I
Abstract The purport of the study is to discuss the death concept of Jesus and Paul in the New Testament, and find out its possible implication and application in the life-and-death education. First, I start from the attitudes of Jesus and Paul toward life and death and the life and death concepts they conveyed to bring up the possibility of re-understanding death Further, from the embodiment of love by the martyrdom of Jesus, and from the manifestation of Jesus love by Paul, I try to link the contextual thinking of life love death. And to amply the study into the holistic education, therefore, I put forth the idea that the death concepts of Jesus and Paul in the New Testament may provide some inspiration and edification when the life-and-death education is putted into practice. In the first and last chapters, except the understanding and reflection of the research method, it talks about the reflection and exploration of the general concepts of death at present, and the reflection on death is at the core of the study. Chapter 2 is about the pre-understanding of the topic. On the one hand, it aims at explaining and understanding the preconception of my own that has been learned from my cultural tradition. On the other hand, it proceeds to understand the several important death concepts in the Western culture on a macro level through the evolution of history. Finally, I try to describe, as clearly as possible, the origin and difficulties of life and death depicted in the Old Testament as well as the life-and-death issues entailed by it. In chapter 3 and 4, the content is concerning the life-and-death attitudes presented by Jesus and Paul and the life-and-death concepts they wanted to convey. As every one knows, Jesus was born in a humble manger and was crucified to death. Here his life and death is a process of embodying love. Exactly as he said for the purpose of his birth: it is not to be ministered unto and giveth his life for the sheep. A crucifix is the best emblem to show his unselfish love. Secondly, the life of Paul is a legend. He used to be an oppressor and turned out to be a brave warrior who preached the gospel of Jesus. Because of his efforts, the later generations can more easily understand the value and meaning of Jesus life. In short, because Paul clarified, through Jesus, the meaning of love and the way to practice love, Jesus love was glorified. And from the love manifested by the death of Jesus, we can maketh increase of the body unto the edifying of itself in love, and therefore settle down to life and death by love. According to the attit udes and concepts of Jesus and Paul toward life and death and the meaning and value of life and death introduced by them, Chapter 5 is to apply the study in the life-and-death education and brings up two possible practices. One is the highly valued Life Education in Taiwan today, and the other is the taboo and II
rejected Death Education. It s not my real intention to distinguish them, my intention is to start from the so called Life Education and then to explore the educational implication of Death. It is not possible to remove the death element from the life as a whole, for death is not only a part of life, but also is intrinsic in life. Therefore, the teaching tasks should start from human s fundamental problems, that is, the life-and-death lessons and issues. III
IV
V
... I Abstract...II... IV... VI... 1... 4... 4... 8... 9... 10... 12... 15... 15... 17... 22... 23 1... 24 2... 29... 31 1... 31 2... 32... 36... 37... 39... 40... 44... 46... 48... 51... 54... 55... 58... 62... 63... 67... 68... 69... 72... 75... 80... 80 1... 81 VI
2... 84... 86 1... 87 2... 90 3... 92... 94... 95 1... 95 2 agape... 97... 100 1... 100 2... 104... 108... 109... 110 1... 110 2... 112 3... 113... 114 1... 116 2... 118... 119 1... 120 2... 121... 123... 124... 127... 130... 131 1... 131 2... 132... 135 1... 135 2... 138... 142... 144... 145 1... 146 2... 148... 151 1... 152 2... 156... 159 VII
... 160 1... 161 2... 164... 166 1... 166 2... 168... 171... 172... 173... 175... 177... 177... 179... 180... 181... 186... 187... 188... 189... 189... 189 VIII
(Martin Heidegger, 1889-1976) (Being and Time) (existential analysis) 1 (Being-towards-death) Ecclesiastes 3 2 Ingmar Bergman The Seventh Seal : Sir Isaac Newton, 1674-1727 memento mori 1998 340 1 1998 340 1
2 2001 3 2 1998 45-46 3 2000 70 2
vs vs Thanatological psychiatry and psychotherapy thanatology psychiatry psychotherapy 4 5 Paul.Tillich,1886-1965 4 1993 12 5 3
6 Luke 1 79 7 6 1991 190 7 4
8 Socrates, 470-399, B.C 551-479, B.C Luke 21 33 8 1999 1 88/1/3 5
9 10 9 1999 270 10 2000/11/26 2543 6
Barbara Bush Wellesley College 11 11 1998 2 7
1 2 3 4 8
12 13 12 1994 75 13 1995 195 9
~ a creative-dialogue 14 14 10
15 16 provisional 17 18 II Peter 1 21 I Corinthians 13 9 15 1995 307 16 1996 268 17 1994 84 18 1988 51-54 11
doubt proposit ion view non-proposit ion view statement 19 Immanuel Kant, 1724-1804 Hermeneutik Hermes 19 John Hick, Philosophy of Religion, New Jersey, Englewood Cliffs, 1973, pp. 48-67 12
Flacius 20 Philo Origines Schule von Alexandrien St. Augustin 21 Friedrich Ernst Daniel Schleiermacher, 1768-1834 grammatical psychological re-experience Hans-Georg Gadamer, 1900- pre-judice horizon 20 1996 27-45 21 1988 126 13
22 fusion of horizons 23, 24 Matthew 13 34 Harvey G. Cox 25 22 1996 27-45 23 1995 31 24 Rudolf Bultmann 1989 103-104 25 2002 42 14
26 27 26 2000 250 27 1988 27 15
John 5:39 Silent Period John 1 9 Matthew 28 19 Luke 1 1 16
28 mission 28 1996 130 17
29 30 1 The Bible The Holy Scripture 31 32 2 29 2002 60 30 the New Being) John Hick 131 31 1994 435-436 32 18
3 Death Luke 7 22 John 12 24 I Corinthians 15 36 19
(Romans 6 3-8) 4 Life and Death Education 20
33 34 a b c d 35 Galatians 6 6 word 5 Christianity Roman Catholic Church Reformed or Protestant Church Eastern Orthodox Church Christianity 33 1983 11 34 1994 1 35 1994 8 21
Christianity 6 eros agape agape Romans 5 8 agape 36 John 13 31-34 (Elizabeth Kübler-Ross) 36 1991 11 22
: Georage Bernard Sgaw 37 37 1990 6 23
Plato, 427-347, B.C 1 a 24
38 : 38 2002/10 41 25
39 39 1986 827 26
40 b death dying ending of life the end of life the act, process, or fact of dying being killed killing murder 41 state of being dead the cause or occasion of loss of life 42 death destruction end 43 Death 40 1998 166 41 1984 304-305 42 Merriam-Webster, Webster s Third New Internation Dictionary, Springfield.,U.S.A, 1986, p581. 43 1984 304-305 27
schthe 44 44 1998 45 28
45 2 45 1979 2489 29
Democritus, 460-370 B.C. 46 1 2 3 4 47 1 46 1996 55 47 1988 171 30
48 2 1 Karen Ann Quinlan Karen Karen 49 48 1988 173 49 163-164 31
50 2 thanatology death studies 50 1997 62 32
51 (Helen Nearing) (Loving and Leaving the Good Life) 51 1998 60 33
52 53 54 52 1993 321-322 53 1995 59 54 1993 111 34
Warren 55 131-139. 55 Warren, W.G, Death Education and Research: Critical Perspectives, NY, Haworth, 1988, pp. 35
Aristotle 384-322,B.C Krisha Gotami 56 Psalms 90 12 Genesis 2 17 56 1996 49 36
37
(Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, M.D.) 57 58 57 Mettanando, V., Death: The ultimate challenge: A Buddhist perspective in medical care of dying patients, The paper for the second Chung-Hwa international Conference on Buddhist, 1992. 58 289 1999/7 35-40 38
59 12 7 12 5 3 13 Psalms 90 10 59 1999 273 39
Ecclesiastes 7 2 6 10 11 9 60 20 3 4 8 15 9 60 1985 111 40
11 12 61 62 63 64 11 22 61 1994 21 62 2001/9/28 15 63 8 1994 12 64 41
65 65 26 27 42
66 67 66 2002 3-7 67 3-7 43
68 2 5 14 40 68 1996 13 44
69 20 1 3 12 70 69 1995 15 70 289 1999/7 35-40 45
Karl Jaspers Achsenzeit 71 72 71 1998 26 72 2000 93 46
Thomas Aquinas A.C,1225-1274 73 73 2000/6 137-145 47
74 Epicurus, 342-270, B.C 75 74 2000 77 75 1996 165 48
Acts 2 24 76 77 76 1995 35-36 77 96 49
78 Plato 427-347B.C 79 78 1995 47 79 44 50
Hebrews 9 27 Matthew 16 24-26 51
Matthew 19 23 Baruch de Spinoza, 1632-1677 80 80 1998 22 52
Voltaire, 1694-1778 Jean Jacques 81 Rousseau, 1712-1778 81 1994 203 53
Karl Barth Sigmund Frued, 1856-1939 54
82 82 1993 65 55
narrative 83 84 Psalms 90 7 Job 14 1-2 A History of God 85 86 83 84 1997 11 85 1996 53 86 373 56
Genesis 22 17 Genesis 9 11 Deuteronomy 30 19 Ezekiel 33 11 Isaiah 26 19 57
87 1 26-28 2 7-9 2 16-22 87 1999 58
3 2-6 3 19-22 Ecclesiastes 3 11 Ecclesiastes 7 2 59
88 Adam 89 Romans 7 19 88 1986 423 89 60
90 Genesis 8 21 Confessiones 91 Psalms 51 5 Romans 7 11 Romans 6 23 92 90 1998 23-35 91 1998 1 92 61
93 Amos 93 62
Hosea Isaiah I Jeremiah Isaiah II 94 95 96 94 1991 9 95 1998 60 96 1998 380 63
Isaiah 42 6 Job 29 18 97 97 2002/7/29 39 64
Job 14 1-2 Job 14 10-12 Job 30 31 Job 19 26 Job 42 16 Job 42 17 98 98 1997 209 65
Viktor E Frankl 99 99 Viktor E.Frankl, Man s Search for Meaning, Washington, Square, 1984, p. 88. 66
Plato, 427-347, B.C. Genesis 2 7 Pascal 100 rabbi 100 1999 232 67
Passover 101 Albert Schweitzer Quest for the Historical Jesus 101 1998 436 68
Rudolf Bultmann Jesus and the Word 102 Luke 10 22 Synopsis Herod Lower Galilee Nazarath Luke 1 31-32 102 1984 110 69
103 104 Luke 1 79 John 8 12 103 John 20 28 104 2002 71-72 70
Matthew 2 31 105 Matthew 23 37 13 31-32 6 28 105 John Hick An Interpretation of Religion Human Responses to the Transcendent p.29. 71
72 Luke 2 49 Silent Period Luke 3 8-9 Luke 3 16 John 3 28 Luke 3 22
73 Mark 10 29-30 Luke 4 6 Matthew 4 4 Soren Kierkegaard, 1813-1855 106 John 13 34-35 106 1996 157
74 Matthew 5 44 Matthew 31-32 107 Deuteronomy 21 22-23 107 1998 442
75 108 John 12 33 John 12 27 John 12 27 Mark 14 34 John 12 27 Mark 14 36 Mark 14 36 108
John 12 24 109 John 13 15 110 existential analysis 109 110 Bultmann, Bultmann replies to his Critics, in Kerygma and Myth, ed. H.W. Bartsch, p.209. 76
77 Luke 22 62 Matthew 7 14-23 111 Luke 21 1-4 111 2000 259
Luke 16 13 112 Matthew 8 23-26 113 Mark 14 37-42 Luke 114 22 3-6 Matthew 22 1-14 Matthew 24 32-44 Matthew 25 1-13 John 112 Pual Tillich, Systematic Theology, V2, New York, The University of Chicago press, 1957, p.131 113 114 78
15 1-8 115 Luke 23 34 Luke 7 22 115 1994 147 79
I Corinthians 15 55-57 Genesis 1 26 80
1 Matthew 16 26 Mark 8 36-37 Luke 9 25 116 Ephesians 4 4 Luke 16 15 I Corinthians 116 2000 23 81
6 20 7 23 John 10 34-35 Mark 3 1-5 Exodus 20 10 Luke 14 5 82
Mark 2 27 John 10 10 John 10 11 Luke 12 15 Luke 12 23 Luke 8 4-8 83
Matthew 5 13 Matthew 5 14 2 117 Luke 9 24 Luke 12 16-21 117 2001 2 84
Acts 5 4 Ananias Acts 5 5 Matthew 4 4 4 22 Matthew 8 20 Matthew 3 2 118 Acts 3 6 118 1994 9-10 85
Acts 3 8 119 119 1994 133 86
1 120 121 122 120 3 121 Jesus, The Crucified People 1994 246 122 1998 69 87
123 John 10 11 John 3 16 John 12 24 Matthew 16 21 123 1994 153 88
Mark 10 32-34 Luke 18 32-33 John 12 27 Matthew 24 42 Luke 9 24 Matthew 12 5 Mark 3 22 Matthew 12 22-30 Matthew 23 35 89
124 John 8 14 2 Matthew 17 23 125 Matthew 16 22 Matthew 16 23 124 Joachim Jeremias 1992 32 125 1999 8 90
John 16 25 John 16 5-6 John 17 11 Matthew 26 74 Thomas Cahill 126 126 Thomas Cahill 2000 127 91
John 20 25 John 20 29 3 Matthew 9 18-26 Mark 5 21-43 Luke 8 40-56 Luke 7 11-17 John 11 1-46 92
127 Mark 5 40 John 11 11-13 John 11 4 John 11 11 John 11 12 John 11 13 John 11 13 John 11 14 128 Matthew 18 3 Mark 10 15 Luke 18 17 127 sleep 128 93
Mark 5 39 Luke 8 48 50 Matthew 21 21 Hebrews 12 2 Hebrews 11 13 Luke 23 26 cross Deuteronomy 21 22 Matthew 27 22 94
Being-towards-death Deuteronomy 30 19 1 Gennesaret Simon Peter James John Luke 5 11 Matthew 6 24 Luke 6 20 95
Luke 14 33 Jericho Luke 19 9 129 Isaiah 42 2 Matthew 6 1 Luke 9 58 Luke 9 23 129 Paul Tillich 740 96
Epispocal Church John Keenan The Meaning of Christ: A Mahayana Theology Jesus as empty selfhood 130 Luke 22 19 I Corinthians 13 3 2 agape Matthew 22 36 Matthew 22 37-38 Deuteronomy 6 5 Matthew 5 18 love thy neighbour as thyself Matthew 22 39 130 2000 243 97
131 I John 4 16 3 16 Matthew 5 46 Matthew 5 46 Luke 10 25-37 131 1998 448 98
132 Mark 12 28 Matthew 22 38 John 13 33 John 13 34-35 Exodus 21 23-24 Matthew 5 44 Luke 23 34 354-430.A.D Galatians 2 20 132 83 2001 102 99
1 Rollo May encounter amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS 100
133 Matthew 7 14 a Ecclesiastes 8 8 Ecclesiastes 7 2 133 1999 157 101
Matthew 16 23 Matthew 7 25 Matthew 7 27 b Matthew 10 28 Matthew 10 28 102
gigantesque 134 Matthew 7 28 Matthew 7 29 Luke 7 46 Matthew 5 3 Matthew 5 30 Matthew 5 44 Matthew 6 20 Matthew 10 39 Matthew 16 26 Matthew 19 23 John 8 12 revolution Luke 9 62 134 1998 445 103
2 135 Acts 3 2 John 21 18 136 Matthew 15 30 135 1997 576 136 1993 8 104
Luke 8 52 Romans 7 24 Matthew 11 28 recreation re William Paley, 1743-1805 137 Philippians 3 13-14 Luke 23 46 Loving and Leaving the Good Life Helen Nearing 138 I Corinthians 15 36 137 1991 42 138 1993 321-322 105
John 19 30 Matthew 26 42 cross-shapped key I Peter 1 3 Romans 6 4 John 11 25-26 John 14 6 106
139 139 1994 159 107
Luke 24 47 Saul Paul Colossians 1 1 Romans 1 1 140 Acts 15 19 I Corinthians 15 14 I Corinthians 15 31 140 1995 102 108
II Corinthians 5 17 141 142 Luke Acts 8 3 I Corinthians 11 1 141 1 2 3 1990 43 142 1995 178 109
I Corinthians 15 3 143 Pauline Epistles Luke 15 11-32 1 Sual Paul Acts 22 3 143 Geroge Eldon Ladd 1998 427 110
Acts 9 1 Acts 7 54-60 Acts 8 3 22 4 19 Philippians 3 6 Acts 22 4 Luke 6 6-11 Luke 5 32-35 Galatians 1 13-14 I Timothy 1 8 Titus 3 3 111
144 5 26 2 Acts 9 4 Acts 9 1-9 apostle Acts 9 16 144 Harold Dodd 1988 286-287 112
Galatians 6 14 Galatians 2 20 Thomas Cahill 145 Romans 6 23 Romans 6 23 Romans 6 6-7 3 145 Thomas Cahill 2000 136 113
John 7 38 Acts 9 15-16 Philippians 1 23 Ernst Kasemann 114
146 Romans 7 13 Romans 6 23 Ephesians 2 1 Romans 7 13 147 146 2000 21 147 36 2001 29 115
1 transgredior 148 Genesis 3 1 Genesis 3 4 149 Romans 6 17 adam Paul Ricoeur, 1913- sin of first man 150 Romans 5 12 K.Rahner 1904-1984 148 Geroge Eldon Ladd 1998 474 149 150 1998 32-33 116
situation Romans 7 8 Romans 6 16 I John 2 16 Galatians 5 19-20 Romans 6 12 8 2 117
2 Romans 5 12 Romans 5 14 Romans 5 17 Romans 5 21 151 Romans 6 16 Romans 6 16 Romans 7 5 Romans 7 8 151 118
Romans 7 9 Romans 7 18-20 Romans 7 13 I Corinthians 15 56 wages For the wages of sin is death Romans 6 23 Opsonia 119
1 John 12 24 I Corinthians 5 7 II Corinthians 5 17 I Corinthians 15 36 Philippians 1 21-23 152 Romans 5 18 152 2001 9 120
153 II Corinthians 3 3-6 2 John 11 25 Philippians 1 21 Hebrews 11 1 153 1991 80-81 121
I John 4 9-10 II Corinthians 5 6 Ephesians 1 7 Galatians 2 20 I Corinthians 15 3-4 I Corinthians 15 17 II Corinthians 1 9-10 II Corinthians 4 10 Romans 14 8 122
Hebrews 10 39 Galatians 3 11 154 154 1999 16 123
155 I John 3 14 eros agape eros agape Amos 156 155 156 Paul Tillich, Dynamics of Faith. New York Harper Row, 1957, p113. 124
agape 157 agape 158 agape eros agape Symposium eros Philia agape 159 157 158 1991 18 159 36 2001 34 125
I Corinthians 13 1-8 I Corinthians 13 13 Romans 8 39 Romans 13 10 Galatians 5 22-23 I Timothy 1 5 agape Matthew 22 40 126
613 mitzvot commandment 160 I John 4 8 Matthew 22 34-40 I Corinthians 13 13 agape I Corinthians 10 24 Luke 23 34 Acts 7 60 160 83 2001 99 127
128 161 Matthew 19 16-22 9 11 Romans 8 35 Philippians 2 26 Romans 8 10 Philippians 3 10 5 1-2 161 1999 20
2 7-8 16 14 5 13-14 12 9-16 Acts 7 60 129
162 I Corinthians 13 13 162 Geroge Eldon Ladd 1998 433 130
1 II Corinthians 5 14 Ephesians 4 16 I Corinthians 15 3-4 first of all 131
Ephesians 4 20-21 Ephesians 4 23-24 Philippians 3 13 2 agape Psalms 46 1 I John 4 10 I Corinthians 4 9 132
163 Matthew 19 20 Matthew 19 21 163 133
Romans 8 24-25 I Corinthians 13 3 Romans 8 37-39 Romans 8 3 164 I John 4 8 164 134
Acts 10 38 II Corinthians 8 9 II Corinthians 8 9 I Corinthians 15 26 II Corinthians 5 14 1 I Thessalonians 5 10 Philippians 1 21 135
165 166 Luke 22 33 Luke 22 34 I Corinthians 3 22-23 165 2000 222 166 222 136
eros I Corinthians 13 13 167 John 11 35 John 11 16 167 1993 119 137
I Corinthians 13 4-8 Philippians 2 6-8 II Corinthians 7 3 Irenaeus Romans 12 15 Luke 6 28 John 15 13 John 17 26 2 138
John 14 5 John 14 6 John 13 34 168 I John 3 14 Romans 5 8 168 1993 262 139
169 Romans 12 1 Romans 12 2 Romans 5 10 169 8 1994 126 140
II Timothy 4 7-8 I Corinthians 15 51 141
death education 1928 170 1950 1960 New York Times Magazine 171 170 16 2000 281-304 Herman Feifel 1959 The Meaning of Death 171 1999 19 142
172 Galatians 6 6 Titus 2 3 logos word 173 174 I Timothy 2 5 I Timothy 2 6 172 1996 61-74 173 1996 27 174 Dharma 143
Genesis 3 9 Matthew 18 14 John 10 10 John 10 10 John 10 11 144
I Corinthians 13 13 Karl Rahner, 1904-1984 175 Divine Pneuma Matthew 26 41 truth 175 1990 54-62 145
John 4 23 1 Erik H. Erikson, 1902 psychosocial stages The Final Stage of Growth 8 4 146
I Corinthians 15 32 Psalms 90 12 Luke 12 16-20 Matthew 6 21 147
John 15 6 Luke 16 13 suicide 2 Acts 14 22 148
metanoia 176 II Corinthians 4 18 Luke 12 23-25 177 176 1998 54 177 149
John 1 20 John 1 27 Luke 9 18 Luke 9 20 Dietrich Bonhoeffer, 1906-1945 178 178 2000 62-63 150
Luke 18 29-30 Luke 9 24 John 8 12 Romans 8 10 I John 4 8 151
Matthew 22 39 John 13 35 I Corinthians 13 13 I John 3 18 Philippians 1 9 179 1 179 1995 107 152
Matthew 17 4 153
180 Romans 8 24-25 Matthew 5 44-45 Luke 23 34 181 180 2000 82 181 154
Romans 12 20-21 Matthew 7 12 John 13 34 Romans 13 8-10 155
2 13 6 John 13 15 Acts 20 35 182 I John 4 8 182 Paul Tillich 755 156
Luke 23 34 Galatians 6 1 183 Acts 7 60 183 157
Acts 7 60 I Corinthians 11 1 184 184 1994 724 158
Niebuhr I John 3 16 I Corinthians 12 25-26 Romans 12 15 Romans 11 16 Danial Leviton T.S. Eliot 159
185 186 185 1993 24 186 160
1 187 187 2000 95 161
John 11 11 Matthew 9 24 John 11 21 John 11 24 John 11 12 162
I Thessalonians 4 13 Psalms 23 2-4 I Thessalonians 4 14 The Death of Ivan Ilych 188 188 1997 42 163
189 I Corinthians 15 51 II Timothy 4 7 2 190 189 John Hick, An Interpretation of Religion Human Responses to the Transcendent, New Haven and London, Yale University, 1989, pp. 57-58. 190 1994 247 164
191 I Corinthians 15 32 Mark 13 33 Mark 8 31 191 John Hick, An Interpretation of Religion Human Responses to the Transcendent, New Haven and London, Yale University, 1989, p.58. 165
Luke 22 42 I Corinthians 15 25-26 1 166
192 possessive individualism Luke 9 25 Luke 9 24 I Corinthians 15 36 I Corinthians 15 19 192 2001 167
Romans 8 38-39 2 enemy 168
II Timothy 1 10 193 193 1995 117 169
13 17 170
I Corinthians 13 13 194 194 1999 24 171
195 196 197 195 1969 25 196 1995 117 197 Paul Tillich, Dynamics of Faith, New York, Harper & Row, 1957, p.114. 172
I Corinthians 13 3 198 198 1999 1-46 173
Delphi 199 199 2001 14 174
Romans 7 24 15 32 13 4 I John 2 17 Matthew 6 25 Matthew 6 27 175
I Corinthians 13 9 176
1. Geroge Eldon Ladd 1998 2. Harold Dodd 1988 3. Joachim Jeremias 1992 4. Paul Tillich 5. Rudolf Bultmann 1989 6. Thomas Cahill 2000 7. 1996 8. 1999 9. 1998 2 10. 2000 11. 1998 12. 1997 13. 1995 14. 1999 15. 1991 16. 1969 17. 1994 18. 1997 19. 1986 20. 1999 21. 1988 22. 1997 23. 1997 24. 1988 25. 2000 26. 1988 27. 1994 28. 2002 177
29. 2000 30. 1994 31. 1998 32. 1991 33. 1994 34. 1993 35. 1998 36. 1996 37. 1993 38. 1996 39. 1994 40. 1996 41. 1996 42. 1995 43. 1998 44. 1998 45. 1999 46. 1985 47. 8 1994 48. 1990 49. 1993 50. 1996 51. 1999 52. 1991 53. 1996 54. 1999 88/1/3 55. 2000 56. 1995 57. 1995 58. 1995 59. 1998 60. 1988 178
61. 1990 62. 36 2001 63. 1984 64. 1983 65. 2000 66. 1999 67. 1998 68. 8 1994 1. 1994 2. 2002/10 3. 1979 4. 1997 5. 2000/6 6. 1997 7. 1999 8. 289 1999/7 9. 1986 10. 1984 11. 16 2000 12. 2001 13. 1998 14. 83 2001 15. 2001/9/28 15 16. 2001 17. 2000 179
18. 2002 3-7 19. 2000 1. Bultmann, Bultmann Rreplies to His Critics, in Kerygma and Myth, ed. H.W. Bartsch, p.209. 2. John Hick, Philosophy of Religion, New Jersey, Englewood Cliffs, 1973, pp.48-67. 3. John Hick, An Interpretation of Religion Human Responses to the Transcenden, New Havan and London, Yale University, 1989, p.29. 4. Mettanando, V, Death: The Ultimate Challenge: A Buddhist Perspective in Medical Care of Dying Patients, The paper for the second Chung-Hwa international Conference on Buddhist, 1992. 5. Paul Tillich, Dynamics of Faith, New York, Harper Row, 1957, p.113. 6. Pual Tillich, Systematic Theology, V 2, New York. The University of Chicago press, 1957, p.131. 7. Viktor E. Frankl, Man s Search for Meaning, Washington, Square, 1984, p88. 8. Warren, W. G, Death Education and Research: Critical Perspectives, NY, Haworth, 1988, pp.131-139. 9. Merriam-Webster, Webster s Third New Internation Dictionary, Springfield.,U.S.A.,p581.1986, p.581. 180
1. 16 21-22 2. 17 12 3. 17 22-23 4. 20 18-19 5. 20 28 6. 21 38-39 7. 23 37 8. 26 1-2 9. 26 12 181
10. 26 18 11. 26 24 12. 26 38-39 13. 26 45 1. 2 20 2. 8 31 3. 9 9 4. 9 31 5. 10 32-34 6. 10 45 7. 12 7-8 8. 200 14 8 200 1999 740 182
9. 14 21 10. 14 28 11. 14 34-36 1. 9 22 2. 9 30 3. 9 44 4. 9 51 5. 13 32-34 6. 17 25 7. 18 31-33 8. 20 14 9. 22 15-16 10. 22 22 183
11. 22 42 1. 2 19-22 2. 3 16-17 3. 7 33 4. 8 21-22 5. 10 11 6. 10 17-18 7. 12 7 8. 12 23-24 9. 12 27 10. 12 33 11. 13 1 12. 13 21 13. 184
16 5-7 14. 16 16 15. 16 21 16. 16 25 17. 16 32 18. 17 11 185
201 1. Mark 8 31 2. Matthew 16 21 3. Luke 9 22 1. Mark 9 31 2. Matthew 17 22-23 3. Luke 9 44 1. Mark 10 32-33 2. Matthew 20 18-19 3. Luke 18 31-32 201 Jesus, The Crucified People 1994 246 186
1 23 34 2 23 43 3 19 26 19 27 4 27 46 15 34 5 19 28 6 19 30 7 23 46 187
188
1. Genesis 2. Exodus 3. Leviticus 4. Numbers 5. Deuteronomy 6. Joshua 7. Judges 8. Ruth 9. I Samuel 10. II Kings 11. I Kings 12. II Kings 13. I Chronicles 14. II Chronicles 15. Ezra 16. Nehemiah 17. Esther 18. Job 19. Psalms 20. Proverbs 1. Matthew 2. Mark 3. Luke 4. John 5. Acts 6. Romans 7. I Corinthians 8. II Corinthians 9. Galatians 10. Ephesians 11. Philippians 12. Colossia 21. Ecclesiastes 22. Song of Solomon 23. Isaiah 24. Jeremiah 25. Lamentation 26. Ezekiel 27. Daniel 28. Hosea 29. Joel 30. Amos 31. Obadiah 32. Jonah 33. Micah 34. Nahum 35. Habakkuk 36. Zephaniah 37. Haggai 38. Zechariah 39. Malachi 15. I Timothy 16. II Timothy 17. Titus 18. Philemon 19. Hebrews 20. James 21. I Peter 22. II Peter 23. I John 24. II John 25. III John 26. Jude Revelation 13. I Thessalonians 27. 14. II Thessalonians 189
190