Course Title: LIN 5112 Seminars in Linguistics Research

Transcription

1 Journalistic Neutrality and Political Stances in Hong Kong Chinese Newspapers YEUNG Shuk-lai Ivy ( ) A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Linguistics Supervisor: Professor Yap Hoong-Ha Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages The Chinese University of Hong Kong May 2009 The Chinese University of Hong Kong holds the copyright of this thesis. Any person(s) intending to use a part or whole of the materials in the thesis in a proposed publication must seek copyright release from the Dean of the Graduate School.

2 Abstract of thesis entitled: Journalistic Neutrality and Political Stances in Hong Kong Chinese Newspapers Submitted by Yeung Shuk-lai Ivy for the degree of Master of Arts in Linguistics at The Chinese University of Hong Kong in May ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate the principle that underlines correlations between choices of linguistics features and the communicative purposes of Hong Kong Chinese Newspaper in reporting the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder discourse along the discussion of journalistic neutrality from the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). It focuses upon the question of how journalistic neutrality is achieved when aligning with the political stances of the newspapers, and hence its impacts on the choices of language used in reporting the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder in various local Chinese newspapers in Hong Kong. The CDA approaches suggested by Fairclough (1995b) and Fowler (1991) are adopted in this study. Data are analyzed under three dimensions, namely the textual (intertextuality), the interpersonal (modality) and the ideational (lexical choices) functions of language, thus to examine the correlation between journalistic neutrality and political stances of the newspapers. As most of the studies examine the daily newspapers of Hong Kong purely focused on semiotics, stylistics or rhetoric functions of the language, which are different from the perspective of this study, therefore, this study is significant for filling the gap in the field of newspaper discourse. This research is based on the analysis of hard news related to the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder, which were published between mid-september and the end of September Data are collected from three different local Chinese newspapers, including i

3 Apple Daily, Tai Kung Pao and Ming Pao Daily News, which have different political stances, i.e. right-leaning, left-leaning and neutral respectively, towards China. This study claims that the three local Chinese newspapers use different linguistics features to get a balance between journalistic neutrality and the political stances held by the newspapers. For the right-leaning newspaper, it tends to quote more voices from the victims directly and use more critical words connote with negative tone; whereas for the left-leaning newspaper, it tends to quote more voices from the government directly and use more supportive and positive tone; and lastly, with the neutral newspaper lies in-between. This study also claims that although different domains have been examined, the arguments are consistent with the political stances held by the newspapers. ii

4 論文摘要保持公平 公正 客觀的態度是作為專業記者的重要守則, 然而在報章政治立場取向的影響下, 記者如何在專業的操守和政治立場的取向中取得平衡呢? 本論文將以批評性語篇分析 (Critical Discourse Analysis) 為基礎, 探討在報章政治立場取向的影響下, 記者的報導如何取得新聞客觀性 同時, 本論文也探討在這些條件下, 報章如何透過修辭與字語的選材來表現其立場取向 本論文根據費爾克勞 (Fairclough 1995b) 及科拿 (Fowler 1991) 提出的語篇分析的三維分析為基礎, 分析報章在語篇功能 `textual function'( 文本互涉 `intertextuality') 人際功能 `interpersonal function'( 情態系統 `modality') 和概念功能 `ideational function'( 字語的選擇 `lexical choices') 來探討報章政治立場取向及新聞客觀性的關係 因此, 本研究正能補足新聞語篇分析上的不足 本論文透過分析立場偏向支持民主及自由意志思想的蘋果日報 立場較中立及有較高公信力的明報和立場偏向支持中國的大公報, 在報導三聚氰胺奶粉的新聞上選用的手法, 來探討報章政治立場取向及新聞客觀性的關係 本論文發現右派報章較常引用受害者父母的言論和較常用批判性較重的字語來報導事件 ; 左派報章則較多引用政府的言論和較常用支持正面的字語來報導事件 中立報章於報導事件時最為中立 最後, 本論文也強調即使在不同的功能分析下, 報章的政治立場取向仍是一致的 iii

5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am grateful to Professor Yap Foong-ha for her supervision, advices, and guidance from the very early stage till the final stage of this research. I have also benefited from her who always kindly grants her time to give me valuable advices and suggestions. Above all and the most needed, she provided me unflinching encouragement and support in various ways. I gratefully thanks Professor Peggy Mok for her encouragement and guidelines at the initial stage of this research paper. Special thanks go to my family and friends for their endless loves and patience, which are very important for me to go through all those tough moments in doing this research. Finally, I truly believe that this dissertation could not have been written without the guidance, advices, encouragements and loves from all of them. I would like to take this opportunity to thanks them all. May 2009 iv

6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Abstract (English) Abstract (Chinese) Acknowledgement List of Figures List of Tables Page i - ii iii iv vii - viii ix - x 1. Introduction Literature Review 2.1 Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) Critical Discourse Analysis and media discourse Journalistic neutrality and media discourse Journalistic neutrality, political stances and newspaper discourses 3. Terms and definition Intertextuality Modality Lexical choices Objectives Proposed Method 5.1 The Data Data Collection Research Method Result and Analysis v

7 Contents Page 6.1 Intertextuality Direct quotations in news reporting Indirect quotations in news reporting The use of intertextuality and political stances Modality Distributional Contrast of Possibility Modality and Necessity Modality Possibility modality and necessity modality in news reporting The use of certainty modal si6 是 ( be ) The use of probability modal wui6 會 ( will ) The use of imperative modal jiu3 要 ( should ) Modality and political stances Lexical choices Choice of lexis and contents of reporting Choice of lexis and political stances Choice of lexis in Apple Daily Choice of lexis in Ming Pao Daily News Choice of lexis in Tai Kung Pao Discussion Journalistic neutrality and political stances Maintenance of journalistic neutrality Conclusion Appendices References vi

8 LIST OF FIGURES Contents Page Figure 1 The types of modality (Palmar 2007) 11 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Illustrates the political standpoints of the three local Chinese daily newspapers to be analyzed The distribution of direct and indirect quotations in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao An overview of the average occurrence of direct quotations per text in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao An overview of the average occurrence of indirect quotations per text in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao The average occurrence of direct and indirect quotations per text in Apple Daily The average occurrence of direct and indirect quotations per text in Ming Pao Daily News The average occurrence of direct and indirect quotations per text in Tai Kung Pao The percentage of occurring frequency of Possibility Modality and Necessity Modality The average occurring frequency of possibility modality per text in narrations of Melamine The average occurring frequency of possibility modality per text in narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption The average occurring frequency of possibility modality per text in narrations of producers/ supplier of China s Tainted Milk Powder The average occurring frequency of possibility modality per text in narrations of advices to the public/ trade The average occurring frequency of necessity modality per text in narrations of Melamine The average occurring frequency of necessity modality per text in narrations of advices to the public/ trade vii

9 Contents Page Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 The average occurring frequency of possibility per text in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao The average occurring frequency of necessity modality per text in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao Comparison of the occurring frequency of possibility modality and necessity modality between Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao Comparison of the occurring frequency of positive and negative connotations between Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao The occurring frequency of positive connotation in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao The occurring frequency of negative connotation in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao viii

10 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10 Table 11 Table 12 Table 13 Table 14 Contents The numbers of news coverage on the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder during 12 th September 2008 to 30 th September 2008 An overview of the use of direct and indirect quotations in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao An overview of the average occurrence of direct quotations per text in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao An overview of the average occurrence of indirect quotations per text in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao The average occurrence of direct and indirect quotations per text in Apple Daily. The average occurrence of direct and indirect quotations per text in Ming Pao Daily News The average occurrence of direct and indirect quotations per text in Tai Kung Pao The occurring frequency of possibility modality in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao The occurring frequency of necessity modality in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao The occurring frequency of possibility modality and necessity modality in different narrations among the three local Chinese newspapers Comparing the occurring frequency of possibility modality and necessity modality used in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao The occurring frequency of possibility and necessity modalities in Apple Daily The occurring frequency of possibility and necessity modalities in Ming Pao Daily News The occurring frequency of possibility and necessity modalities in Tai Kung Pao Page ix

11 Contents Page Table 15 Table 16 Table 17 Table 18 Table 19 Table 20 Table 21 Table 22 Table 23 Table 24 Table 25 Table 26 Table 27 Table 28 Table 29 Table 30 Table 31 Lexical Choices The occurring frequency of positive and negative connotations in the reportage of the scandal in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao The use of direct and indirect quotations of parents' voices in the news reporting of Apple Daily The use of direct and indirect quotations of doctors' voices in the news reporting of Apple Daily The use of direct and indirect quotations of authority's voices in the news reporting of Apple Daily The use of direct and indirect quotations of others' voices in the news reporting of Apple Daily The use of direct and indirect quotations of parents' voices in the news reporting of Ming Pao Daily News The use of direct and indirect quotations of doctors' voices in the news reporting of Ming Pao Daily News The use of direct and indirect quotations of authority's voices in the news reporting of Min Pao Daily News The use of direct and indirect quotations of others' voices in the news reporting of Ming Pao Daily News The use of direct and indirect quotations of parents' voices in the news reporting of Tai Kung Pao The use of direct and indirect quotations of doctors' voices in the news reporting of Tai Kung Pao The use of direct and indirect quotations of authority's voices in the news reporting of Tai Kung Pao The use of direct and indirect quotations of others' voices in the news reporting of Tai Kung Pao Lexical Choices in the narrations of Producers or Suppliers of China's Milk Powder Lexical Choices in the narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption Lexical Choices in the narrations of China governments' actions or responses Lexical Choices in the narrations of the public or Parents' Annoyances x

12 1. INTRODUCTION The media, including newspaper, is an essential source to connect people with their communities and the entire world. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) research on media language claims that by undergoing the process of selection and transformation, news is not reporting the reality of the world around us but providing different versions of reality (Bell 1991, Delin 2000, Stamou 2001). Neutrality is the imperial principle for journalism generally (Clayman 1992, 1998, 2002, Greatbatch 1998, Clayman and Heritage 2002, White 2004). Professionally, journalists are assumed to be dispassionate, objective, impersonal and impartial in news reporting. However, the practices of these virtues are impeded by the different political stances of each newspaper. Attitudes and points of view of the journalists frequently deviate from the neutral posture. In other words, the language devices used in conveying the news are selected purposefully, which causes a difference in each newspaper. Different language devices are selected in news reporting; hence, it finally affects the way people perceive society. It is, therefore, worthy to conduct a study to examine the relationship between political stances and journalistic neutrality in printed press. In this study, we will focus on how one major news event the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder was reported in three different local Hong Kong Chinese newspapers, namely, Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. The scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder had high news value because of its disastrous impact for infants and young children in China. The impact of this contaminated milk products scandal had world-wide ramifications as well. The research questions we will address are: (1) How is the incident of the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder portrayed in three local Hong Kong Chinese newspapers with respect to the dimensions of intertextuality, modality and lexical 1

13 choices? (2) How is journalistic neutrality achieved and maintained during news reporting? (3) Is there any association between journalistic neutrality and political stances of the newspapers, which is right-leaning, left-leaning and neutral respectively? By adapting CDA as the analytical framework, the textual, interpersonal and ideational functions of the language used in reporting the scandal are analyzed through various linguistics devices, with the focus on intertextuality (textual function), modality (interpersonal function) and lexical choices (ideational function) to examine the correlation between journalistic neutrality and political stances. The discussions to follow are organized into seven parts. In section 2, previous studies on news discourse will be reviewed, followed by the introduction of terms and definition used in this study in section 3. Section 4 will be the objective of this study, followed by methodology in section 5. The examined result and its analysis will be discussed in section 6, followed by the discussion in section 7. In section 8, it draws the conclusions with a brief suggestion of further research studies. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Critical Discourse Analysis Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is categorized under discourse analysis. It was a new research interest developed in the 1970s (Stamou 2001). CDA regards language as a form of social practices by which, the ideologies in a society are reflected and produced through various linguistics devices (Stamou 2001, Fairclough and Wodak 2007, Baker et. Al 2008). In other words, language is shaped by social situations and norms, and at the same time it shapes the social situations and norms as well. As defined by Fairclough and Wodak (2007), the critical approach is distinctive in its 2

14 view of the relationship between language and society, and the relationship between analysis and the practices analyzed (258). The major analytical framework used by CDA in analyzing discourses, both written and spoken, is based on Halliday s Systemic Functional Grammar, which suggests that language performs three major functions, namely ideational function, interpersonal function and textual function simultaneously (Stamou 2001, Flowerdew et al. 2002). Choices and options are given to language users, so the meaning of the language is made by the selections of the language users. Ideologies and social norms are constructed through the selection and use of the language in a society. As a result, CDA combines linguistics analysis with social analysis (Richardson 2007). The CDA approach is adopted in this study as journalists are given a choice to choose particular linguistics devices in news reporting which thus conveys different ideologies to the readers. This study aims to examine the choices made by the journalistic and its underlying ideologies carried. 2.2 Critical Discourse Analysis and media discourse Media language has long been a popular research focus for linguists who work with language and communication or media studies because of its high and easy accessibility, great influences and reflections of people s use of language and their attitudes towards it, and rich sources for social meanings and stereotypes projection (Bell and Garrett 1998). During 1980s to 1990s, CDA was the dominant approach in examining media discourse. More recently, CDA has become the standard theoretical framework for analyzing media texts, especially in European linguistics and discourse studies (Bell and Garrett 1998). Media discourse was analyzed from different aspects, for instance from 3

15 sociolinguistics perspectives (Bell 1991), critical linguistics (Fowler 1991) and social theory (Fairclough 1995, 2003). In the present study, the approaches of Fairclough and Fowler have been chosen. Fowler (1991) emphasizes the contributions of functional linguistics in analyzing news discourse, while Fairclough (1995b) emphasizes the essential relationship between language, society and power. Fowler (1991) believed that the language devices used in newspapers, which were the constructive mediator, presented different ideas and beliefs to readers. He believed that different aspects of linguistics structure contributed to ideological significance (Fowler 1991:67). Therefore, Fowler introduced a set of accessible and relevant analytical categories, such as transitivity, lexical structures, modality and speech acts etc., to analyze the language used in newspapers. Fairclough (1995b) claimed that the form and function of the text needed to be emphasized, which helped the readers to understand the complex discursive and social practices. To sum up, both Fowler and Fairclough connected the linguistics features with social values, in order to investigate the ideologies conveyed in news coverage and the relationship between power and inequality. 2.3 Journalistic neutrality and media discourse Journalistic neutrality is an essential professional ethos in media discourse. In the mid-1970s, Conversational Analysis (CA) has been used to examine the neutralism and authority of the media discourse, especially in broadcast news interviews, talk shows and phone-in programmes in the UK and USA. Clayman (1992, 1998, 2002), Greatbatch (1998), Clayman and Heritage (2002) focused on the maintenance of the regular practices of journalistic objectivity and its constraints in achieving neutral posture of the interviewers during face-to-face interviews in western media. The data of Clayman (1992) and Greatbatch (1998) were drawn from the 4

16 western culture to investigate language uses and journalistic neutrality in media discourse. Clayman (1992) examined the role of footing or stance in the achievement of neutrality by investigating the news interview discourse. He claimed that interviewers shifted their footing in order to achieve and convey a naturalistic posture in the interviews. Greatbatch (1998) investigated the conducts of the interviewers and the constraints encountered during face-to-face interviews in the UK. He claimed that cooperation from the interviewees is an important key for the interviewers to maintain neutralism during the interviews. More recently, Yip (2003) examined similar phenomena based on the media discourse in Hong Kong. She claims that the functions of deploying adversarial questioning in news interviews by Hong Kong s journalist is to tighten the action agenda, to convey journalists disagreement and negative criticism, to avoid being judged of having bias and to invite preferred answers from the interviewees. She also argues that hostile questions are a face threatening act, but interviewees still cooperate with the interviewers unless the interviewers violate the boundary of neutralism (Yip 2003). On the whole, apart from Yip (2003), there have been few studies examining journalistic neutrality in Hong Kong s press media. The present study will focus on the practices of journalistic neutrality in Hong Kong Chinese newspapers. Since the data of this study were drawn from local Chinese newspaper clippings, the CDA approach, instead of the CA approach, is adopted in this study. Linguistics features, including intertextuality, modality and lexical choices, are examined to investigate the relationship between journalistic neutrality and political stances in Hong Kong local Chinese newspapers. 5

17 2.4 Journalistic neutrality, political stances and newspaper discourses Numerous studies concerned with stances and newspapers have been carried out. However, limited studies emphasized on both political stances and neutrality. For instance, Stamou (2001), Flowerdew et al. (2002), Yin (2007), Murata (2007) and Baker et al. (2008) have adopted the critical discourse analysis approach to analyze the newspaper discourses. Stamou (2001) studied the impact of non-protesters on readers perception of a student-teacher protest in Greek in terms of transitivity and ergativity. Yin (2007) compared the discursive strategies used in reporting human rights in the United States and China s newspapers. Baker et al. (2008) combined the CDA approach with corpus linguistics approach to examine the discourse of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK press. He suggested a framework for adopting corpus linguistic approaches in critical discourse analysis, hence, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were included in his paper. Flowerdew et al. (2002) focused on the discriminatory news discourse in one Hong Kong English newspaper South China Morning Post. He concluded that the taxonomies of discriminatory strategies used were not completely applicable in Hong Kong media discourse. He claimed that though the typical portrayal of Chinese Mainlanders was rather negative, however, sympathetic and understanding attitude was also shown in its editorials. Apart from the above studies, which focused on English news discourse, there are some studies focused on Chinese newspapers with different emphasis. Scholars like Flowerdew et al. (2007), Hsieh (2008) and Wang (2008) used a more specific analytical framework to examine the discourse of Chinese newspapers. Flowerdew et al. (2007) focused on the use of metaphors in the discursive construction of patriotism in Hong Kong Chinese newspapers. He found that metaphors related to traditional Chinese culture were commonly used in local printed press. Hsieh (2008) suggested that reportative modality were more common in objectivity-oriented 6

18 reports, on the contrary, sensory modality is more common in less objectivity-oriented reports. Wang (2008) examined the intertextuality of mainland Chinese newspaper commentaries on the incidents of 9/11 by the mode of intertextual analysis. He highlighted that direct and indirect quotations were common in mainland Chinese newspapers. However, political stances of the newspapers were not the concern of Wang s study. Taking the limited studies on both political stances and journalistic neutrality in scandal reporting into consideration, this study analyzes the association between political stances and journalistic neutrality in scandal reporting in Hong Kong Chinese newspapers. The aim of this study is to find out the correlation between the linguistics features chosen by the reporters in the printed press and their political stances towards China, along the line of journalistic neutrality. In the following section, the terms of intertextuality, modality and lexical choices will be introduced. 3. TERMS AND DEFINITION 3.1 Intertextuality Intertextuality refers to the incorporation of other texts or voices into the text (Fairclough 2003). The forms of intertextuality are mainly divided into two categories: direct quotation and indirect quotation, which are illustrated in Extract (1) and (2) respectively. (1) 孩子之前睡的很好, 但是最近尿尿的時候經常哭鬧 她哭訴說 hoi4 zi2 zi1 cin4 seoi6 dik1 han2 hou2,daan6 si6 zeoi3 kan5 niu6 niu6 dik1 si4 hau6 ging1 soeng4 huk1 naau6 taa1 huk1 sou3 syut3 (Direct quotation) My child slept very well before, but recently, he often cries and screams when he passes urine. She said sadly. 7

19 (2) 惠康超市發言人說, 未收到食物安全中心通知, 暫時不會回收 wai6 hong1 ciu1 si5 faat3 jin4 jan4 syut3,mei6 sau1 dou3 sik6 mat6 on1 cyun4 zung1 sam1 tung1 zi1,zaam6 si4 bat1 wui6 wui4 sau1 (Indirect quotation) The spokesman of Wellcome said, they still have not informed by the Center for Food Safety, so they will not recall the products at the moment. As defined by Fairclough (2003), Extract (1) is an example of direct reporting in which the actual words are quoted within the quotation marks; by contrast, Extract (2) is an example of indirect reporting, whereas the contents of what was said or written are summarized by the writers or reporters (2003:49). The use of intertextuality is a common phenomenon and practice in media discourse, for instance, other voices are introduced through direct or indirect quotations in news discourse. As claimed by Bloor and Bloor (2007), journalists use intertextuality in news reporting to attribute certain ideas and opinions to others. Intertextuality is also a way to bring the people, who are being the topic discussed in the news or who are related to the news, directly into the text (Bloor and Bloor 2007:57). By doing so, it can perform the function of revealing the personality and position of a person in a way that the journalist might hesitate to do more directly (Bloor and Bloor 2007:57). There are two main functions for using intertextuality within CDA, as pointed out by Bloor and Bloor (2003). Firstly, it plays an important role in revealing speakers and writers strategies in reinforcing or re-formulating ideas and beliefs; and secondly, it can reveal traces of the dominant ideology or evidence of ideological struggle and cultural change (54). In the media discourse, though objectivity is a central virtue, varied degree of subjectivity of a journalist can be expressed. By inserting other voices into the 8

20 reported text, it implies the stances of the journalists towards the matter implicitly. In what ways journalists express their points of view in accordance with their political stances towards China, as to influence readers points of view but without violating journalistic neutrality will be further investigated in this paper. 3.2 Modality Modality is an essential grammatical category to indicate the speaker s attitude towards and judgment of the factual status of the propositions being spoken or written within language systems; therefore it carries interpersonal functions (Montgomery 2007). There are two main categories within the modal system: propositional modality and event modality (Palmer 2007). Montgomery (2007) stated that propositional modality is more significant in the discourse of news (32). Propositional modality is classified into two main types, which are epistemic modality and evidential modality. Epistemic modality allows speakers to express their commitment to the factuality of the proposition. It is concerned with the speaker s knowledge and opinions towards the truth, rather than the fact (Li 2003:12). Evidential modality focuses on the evidence given by the speakers (Montogomery 2007, Palmer 2007). There are three notions in epistemic modality: speculative, deductive and assumptive judgment (Palmar 2007). Epistemic modality, which is judgment-directed, varies in the degree of speakers commitments to the assertions of the propositions. Assumptive modality shows the greatest commitment while speculative shows the least. Sensory and reportative modalities, which are source-based, are the sub-categories under evidential modality. The former gathers evidence from other people or documents and the latter gathers evidence through speakers sensory system (Palmar 2007, Hsieh 2008). 9

21 (3) 受污染的奶類產品可能已流入本港 (Speculative modality) sau6 wu1 jim5 dik1 naai5 leoi6 caan2 ban2 ho2 nang4 ji5 lau4 jap6 bun2 gong2 Contaminated dairy products may already drift into Hong Kong market. (4) ( 我 ) 會考慮到食物有可能會被包裝或容器污染而含有微量三聚氰胺 (ngo5) wui5 haau2 leoi6 dou3 sik6 mat6 jau5 ho2 nang4 wui5 bei6 baau1 zong1 waak6 jung4 hei3 wu1 jim5 ji4 ham4 jau5 mei4 loeng6 saam1 zeoi6 cing1 on1 (Deduction modality) I will consider that the food may be contaminated with little Melamine in packing. (5) 三聚氰胺是一種化工原料, 可導致人體泌尿系統產生結石 saam1 zeoi6 cing1 on1 si6 jat1 zung2 faa3 gung1 jyun4 liu6, ho2 dou6 zi3 jan4 tai2 bei3 niu6 hai6 tung2 caan2 saang1 git3 sek6 (Assumptive modality) Melamine is a kind of industrial chemical raw material, which can lead to a damage of human kidneys. Event modality is classified into two main types, which are deontic modality and dynamic modality. The main difference between them is that the conditioning factors for the action lie with the other authorities (i.e. external to the individual who serves as agent) for deontic modality, whereas for dynamic modality they are internal to the individual (Palmar 2007). Deontic modality can be divided into two sub-types: permission and obligation. Dynamic modality relates to individual s willingness (volitive) and ability (abilitive) (Palmar 2007). (6) 中國衛生部提醒公眾, 已食用該奶粉的嬰幼兒如出現小便困難等異常症狀, 要及時就診 zung1 gwok3 wai6 saang1 bou6 tai4 sing2 gung1 zung3, ji5 sik6 jung6 goi1 naai5 fan2 dik1 jing1 jau3 ji4 jyu4 (Necessity modality) 10

22 ceot1 jin6 siu2 bin6 kwan3 naan4 dang2 ji6 soeng4 zing3 zong6, jiu1 gap6 si4 zau6 zan2 Ministry of Health of The People s Republic of China reminded the public that all the children, who have drank the contaminated milk and having difficulty in urinate, have to consult a doctor immediately. (7) 食環署應盡快公佈化驗結果 (Obligation modality) sik6 waan4 cyu5 jing1 zeon6 faai3 gung1 bou3 faa3 jim6 git3 gwo2 The Food and Environmental Hygiene Department should announce the result of the chemical analysis as soon as possible. Figure 1 summarizes the types of modality suggested by Palmar (2007): Modality Propositional Modality Event Modality Epistemic Evidential Deontic Dynamic Speculative Deductive Assumptive Reported Sensory Permissive Obligative Abilitive Volitive Figure 1. The types of modality (Palmar 2007). In sum, the notions of possibility and necessity are the main modal logic, and it categorizes epistemic and deontic modality into two different domains under these notions. Epistemic modality expresses the possibility and necessity of the factual status of the propositions, which is involved with speakers knowledge and belief. By contrast, deontic modality expresses the possibility and necessity of the acts preformed by the relevant individual, which is associated with permission and obligation respectively (Lyons 1977). 3.3 Lexical choices Words contain two kinds of meanings, namely connoted and denoted meanings. 11

23 Denoted meaning refers to the narrow meaning, which is usually the literal and primary meaning of something as stated in a dictionary, whereas connoted meaning refers to the characteristics implied or suggested by the words, and its associations (Bloor & Bloor 2007). For instance, tung3 sam1 痛心 means deplorable for its denoted meaning. On the other hand, tung3 sam1 痛心 connotes tragedy, lost, hurt and pain, which is associated with negative connotation. As stated by Bloor and Bloor (2007), connotation becomes important when we consider the lexical choices made by speakers and writers, not least because it is a major factor in manipulating opinion (129). Since words in the press are used to communicate the messages carried by the newspaper or the reporters, therefore, their judgments and evaluations towards the reportage will be conveyed through the words chosen. Lexical choice can be used as a device to show the stance-taking of the newspaper. The positive and negative connotation associated with the words in the news related to the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder from Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao will be counted and analyzed under four dimensions, namely the narrations concerning attempts and explanations made by the producers or suppliers of China s Tainted Milk Powder, the narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption, the narrations of China government s actions or responses regarding the scandal, and lastly, the narrations of the public or parents annoyances. Variation of lexical choices among the three newspapers will be presented in the results and analysis section. 4. OBJECTIVES Since there is a conflict between journalistic neutrality and political stances taken by 12

24 the newspapers, therefore, the present study aims to investigate the consequences of stances taken by the three local Chinese newspapers in terms of their language use. This study also examines how journalistic neutrality is achieved when reporting the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder. Adhering to the aims of this study, a few assumptions for the research questions are predicted: 1) There is a correlation between language choice and political stances. It is assumed that the language used in a right-leaning newspaper is more critical than a left-leaning newspaper; 2) Reporters use different methods to achieve or maintain journalistic neutrality in order to make their reportages to be more reliable and authorized. It is assumed that as professionals, journalists tend to be discreet about their stance so as not to ruin the journalistic neutrality. In general, it is estimated that the more critical the political stance of a newspaper is, the more critical the language used in reportage. The findings will be examined and analyzed in the result and analysis and discussion sections. 5. METHODOLOGY 5.1 The data Hard news, reporting the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder, is selected for data analysis and no editorials, commentaries or opinions are chosen. Hard news or news stories focus on the immediate and recent significant events that have just happened and often continue to evolve in the real world; while soft news or features stories are conveyed more emotionally, and have an entertaining value (Bell 1991:14). Language features are the main focus in this study, hence, layouts of the newspapers, printed pictures and photographs, although these are related to the news reported, are not the concern of this study. 13

25 The newspaper clippings are drawn from three local Chinese newspapers of Hong Kong, namely Apple Daily ( 蘋果日報 ), Ming Pao Daily News ( 明報 ) and Tai Kung Pao ( 大公報 ). The target newspapers have different stances in term of their political stances towards China (see Figure 2, Appendix 1). Apple Daily is one of the most popular newspapers in Hong Kong in terms of readership and circulation. It is anti-communism and anti-government; therefore it is regarded as a pro-democracy or right-leaning newspaper in Hong Kong. Tai Kung Pao is regarded as a pro-beijing or left-leaning newspaper, which is considered as the mouthpiece of the Communist Party of China; whereas Ming Pao Daily News is well-known for delivering accurate news to its readers, thus it has a good reputation in terms of legitimacy and public trust. The political stance of Ming Pao Daily News lies between the stances of Apple Daily and Tai Kung Pao. The data were collected from the local Chinese newspapers stated above, which have different political stances towards China. The purpose was to investigate the choices of language used by the reporters in reporting a public scandal. 5.2 Data collection The scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder had significant news coverage in Apple Daily, Ming Pao and Tai Kung Pao (see Table 1, Appendix 2). Over a hundred related news were reported over a two-week period, from mid-september 2008 to the end of September Nine newspaper clippings were collected from Apple Daily and Ming Pao Daily News, while only eight were collected from Tai Kung Pao, since there was no coverage on the same incident being reported in the other two newspapers on the designated day (i.e. September 25 th 2008). Therefore, total twenty-six newspaper clippings, concerning the issue of China s Tainted Milk Powder, were collected from 12 th September 2008 to 30 th September 2008 through 14

26 the search engine Wisenews with the keyword 三聚氰胺 meaning melamine (for the newspaper clippings please see Appendix 25 50). The source, newspapers abbreviations and the orders of reportage of the findings, are indicated in the appendix. For instance, [AD 1] would mean the first piece of reportage of Apple Daily. For the Cantonese Romanization, Jyutping is used to transliterate Cantonese elements and followed by the English translations. 5.3 Research method This study takes the theoretical approach of Critical Discourse Analysis, with the analytical framework used by Fairclough (1995) and Fowler (1991). Their analytical tool is derived from Halliday s Systemic Functional Approach to language. The textual structure (textual function), the social values (interpersonal function) and the ideologies (ideational function) of the clippings are thus closely examined in this study. The scripts of the newspaper clippings are examined in three aspects, namely intertextuality (textual function), modality (interpersonal function) and lexical choices (ideational function). The types and frequency of quotations, modality and positive and negative connotations are categorized, counted and analyzed in the section of results and analysis, in order to see whether there is an association between the political stances and language choices of scandal reporting in Hong Kong Chinese newspapers along the line of journalistic neutrality. The statistical data of the figures shown in this study were obtained and analyzed along the same lines. The average occurring frequency in this paper was calculated by dividing the total number of occurring frequency by the total number of newspaper clippings collected from a particular newspaper agent. At the same time, the statistical data was presented in various figures and tables to be more presentable 15

27 and understandable to the readers. Since the findings of this study are generated from the aspects of textual, interpersonal and ideational functions of the language used in reporting the target issue, a more comprehensive understanding towards the field of news discourse can be provided. 6. RESULTS & ANALYSIS 6.1 Intertextuality This section shows the distribution of direct and indirect quotations in news reporting in three local Chinese newspapers, including Apple Daily, Ming Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Then it argues about the underlying reasons for inserting particular type of quotations alongside with the political stances held by each newspaper. Finally, the effects of using intertextuality in a particular way will be discussed. Table 2 briefly presents the total occurrence and average occurrence of direct and indirect quotations in each newspaper. Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Total in 9 hard news Average occurrence per text Total in 9 hard news Average occurrence per text Total in 8 hard news Average occurrence per text Direct Quotation Indirect Quotation Total: Table 2. An overview of the use of direct and indirect quotations in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao As observed in Table 2, comparatively, fewer direct quotations were found. By contrast, a larger number of indirect quotations were found in the data. Although the total number of occurrence frequency of intertextuality in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao is similar, the functions of direct and indirect 16

28 quotations used in each newspaper are different from each other. Different voices have been chosen to express the journalists points of view in relation to their political stances. As shown in Figure 3, in terms of the total numbers of direct quotations, generally speaking, it is higher in Apple Daily (13%) among the three local newspapers, followed by Ming Pao Daily News (5%) and finally, Tai Kung Pao (3%); while in terms of the total numbers of indirect quotations, it is dominated in Tai Kung Pao (31%), followed by Ming Pao Daily News (25%) and Apple Daily (23%). Figure 3. The distribution of direct and indirect quotations in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. 31% 13% 23% 3% 25% 5% AD direct quotes AD indirect quotes MP direct quotes MP indirect quotes TKP direct quotes TKP indirect quotes Direct quotations in news reporting The function of using direct quotations in a text is to attribute ideas and opinions in a more direct, personal and subjective way without the reporter being challenged by the readers of being too subjective in news reporting. Hence, it is more reasonable for a reporter to sound subjective in tone by using direct quotations in the text. The data are categorized in Tables in Appendix The statistical data are presented in Figures 2 8 in Appendix 2 4. Figure 4 shows the average occurrence of four different voices of direct 17

29 quotations per text in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. The horizontal axis is the types of voices quoted, including voices from parents, a doctor, authorities and others. The vertical axis is the average occurrence of different voices per text, which is calculated by dividing the total number of voices found in each newspaper by the total number of news clippings collected from each newspaper agent. For instance, the total number of parents voices is 4, then divided 4 by 9, which is the total number of news clippings collected for Apple Daily. As a result, the average occurrence of parents voices per text is 0.44 as indicated below. Figure 4. An overview of the average occurrence of direct quotations per text in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao Average occurrence per text Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao 0 Parents' voices Doctors' voices Authorities' voices Other voices Types of voices As can be observed, the use of direct quotations of different voices is outstanding in Apple Daily. As illustrated in Extract (8) and (9), the reporters used several direct quotes of the parents voices to express their views implicitly on the impact of consuming contaminated milk. (8) 而且尿道裏也有結石, 情況比較糟糕 ji4 ce2 niu6 dou6 leoi5 jaa5 jau5 git3 sek6,cing4 fong3 bei2 gaau3 zou1 gou1 Kidney stones are also found in urethra, the situation is rather terrible. 18

30 (9) 我的寶寶長期喝奶粉, 得了腎結石我很痛心, 希望有這種情況的父母跟我聯繫, 共同探討 ngo5 dik1 bou2 bou2 coeng4 kei4 hot3 naai5 fan2,dak1 liu5 san6 git3 sek6 ngo5 han2 tung3 sam1,hei1 mong6 jau5 ze5 zung2 cing4 fong3 dik1 fu6 mou5 gan1 ngo5 lyun4 hai6,gung6 tung4 taam3 tou2 My baby drank the contaminated milk powder for a long time. I hurt deeply that my baby has kidney stones. I hope the parents, who have the same situation like me, can contact me to discuss the issue together. The reporters of Apple Daily attributed the sources to the key related people, which are the parents of the victims, to illustrate the negative influence brought by contaminated milk. Consequently, these negative subjective views convince the readers to believe the proposition of the scandal is the truth of the fact. By quoting directly from the victims, it caused an empathic effect on the readers. By contrast, the voices of parents are not directly quoted in either Ming Pao Daily News or Tai Kung Pao. The authorities voices are from the identified individual or collective institutions, who usually have high status or authority in a society. The direct quotations of the voices of authorities are significant in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. However, the voices quoted are slightly different among them. In Apple Daily, the authorities voices are mainly from the officers of U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Premier Wan Jiabao and the officers of Hong Kong Legislative Council to express the critical views towards the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder. The authorities voices in Ming Pao Daily News are mainly quoted from President Hu Jintao, Premier Wan Jiabao and Hong Kong Secretary for Food and Health to criticize the producers of tainted milk powder; while those in Tai Kung Pao are mainly from the officer of Centre for Food Safety and the officer of General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the 19

31 People s Republic of China to indicate the active role of Chinese government in handling the scandal of tainted milk powder. Examples are given in Extract (10), (11) and (12) as below: (10) 有 FDA 官員更建議, 消費者如果看見有來自中國的嬰兒奶粉, 不要購買, 不要食用 jau5 FDA gun1 jyun4 gang3 gin3 ji5, siu1 fai3 ze2 jyu4 gwo2 hon3 gin3 jau5 loi4 zi6 zung1 gwok3 dik1 jing1 ji4 naai5 fan2,bat1 jiu1 kau3 maai5, bat1 jiu1 sik6 jung6 The officer of FDA suggested that, if consumers find the milk powder is made in China, the consumers should not buy it and drink it. (11) 溫家寶同時強調, 企業家的身上應流着道德的血液 wan1 gaa1 bou2 tung4 si4 koeng4 diu6, kei2 jip6 gaa1 dik1 san1 soeng6 jing1 lau4 zoek6 dou6 dak1 dik1 hyut3 jik6 Premier Wan Jiabao emphasized, an enterprise should have moral blood in his body. (12) 各個部門調查的情況將進行匯總, 之後向社會公布 ( 石家莊市副市長 ) 李迎豐說 gok3 go3 bou6 mun4 tiu4 caa4 dik1 cing4 fong3 zoeng1 zeon3 hang4 wui6 zung2,zi1 hau6 hoeng3 se5 wui5 gung1 bou3 (sek6 gaa1 zong1 si5 fu3 si5 zoeng2) lei5 jing4 fung1 syut3 The progression of investigation from different departments will be generated, then it will be announce to the public, (Deputy mayor of Shijiazhuang) Lei Jing-fung said. In sum, the uses of direct quotations in news reporting are different in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. The reporters have chosen those voices which are similar to their beliefs in the news. By quoting voices directly in the news, the reporters can impose their points of view implicitly without being accused of being subjective and personal in news reporting Indirect quotations in news reporting On the other hand, the use of indirect quotations is more significant in news reporting. 20

32 Similarly, the indirect quotations are also quoted from identified individuals with high social status in the society. The function of using indirect quotations in a text is to make the news sound more neutral and impersonal. At the same time, the reporters can express their opinions or ideas towards the matter implicitly by quoting other people s voices, to express views which reporters usually hesitate to express directly. Figure 5 indicates the uses of indirect quotations, under the dimensions of parents voices, doctors voices, authorities voices and other voices, in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Figure 5. An overview of the average occurrence of indirect quotations per text in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao Average occurrence per text Parents' voices Doctors' voices Authorities' voices Other voices Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Types of voices As shown in the above figure, the trend of indirect quotations in a news reporting is similar in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. It indicates that the authorities voices are the most common voices among other voices in indirect quotations, whereas parents voices are the least. These findings are in accordance with Wang (2008) s findings, the indirect quotes are from people with very high status that may have strong political or social influences in the respective societies. These people could probably exert great impact on public opinion. Common people s voices are hardly heard here (367). 21

33 Among all three local Chinese newspapers, the use of indirect quotations is prominent in Tai Kung Pao. The main voices in Tai Kung Pao mainly come from the officers of China and Hong Kong to manifest the active and supportive actions done by the Chinese government in relation to the scandal. The indirect quotations are employed to describe the prompt actions of the Chinese government in detail, and also the indirect quotes are also used to mitigate the harm of the scandal. On the contrary, the main voices in Apple Daily are mainly from Hong Kong officers to talk about the actions done by the Hong Kong government. Other voices, like the voices of the producers and officers of the Chinese government, are also included. However, a more challenging tone from the reporters can be recognized, for instance, rhetorical questions, such as (saam1 luk6) zaap6 tyun4 ho4 ji5 cyu3 cyu3 gaau2 bin6,jyu6 zi6 gaa1 naai5 fan2 mou4 gwaan1?( 三鹿 ) 集團何以處處狡辯, 與自家奶粉無關? ( Why does Sanlu argue that the matter of tainted milk powder is not related to it ), and negative evaluations, such as dong1 guk6 zi3 gam1 jau5 fau2 zin2 hoi1 tiu4 caa4,zi3 gam1 jing4 si6 go3 mai4 當局至今有否展開調查, 至今仍是個謎 ( Whether the government has investigated the matter of tainted milk powder is still a question ), are followed after the indirect quotations. As pointed out by Heritage (2002), negative interrogatives deploy preference more strongly and are, in this sense, more conducive (1440). In other words, negative interrogatives embed negative stances, like reference, too. Therefore, indirect quotations are used to criticize the inconsistency between what the government or producers have said and what they have done in Apple Daily. The voices of indirect quotations in Ming Pao Daily News are also from the officers of the Chinese government and the Hong Kong government. The function of indirect quotations is mainly focused on the reporting of the news, which makes the news sound more authentic to the readers. Since the reporters use lots of indirect 22

34 voices to increase credibility and evidentially of the news, and they rarely comment on the voices quoted; therefore, it distances the reporters from the sources of quotations, thus a more balanced and objective stance is implicated The use of intertextuality and political stances As claimed by Fairclough (2003), only selected voices are incorporated in the news, others alternative voices might be included in the text as well to make the news sound more balanced and objective. However, those other voices are not usually included because the news, to a certain extent, is written from the perspective of the reporters. In other words, the usage of direct and indirect quotations is interrelated with the political stances held by the newspapers. The reporters employ the different voices to dramatize and legitimize the news being reported. As discussed before, for a right-leaning newspaper, more parents voices, which are first-hand experiences, are quoted directly in the news to induce the identifications of the readers to focus on the harm of the scandal. For a left-leaning newspaper, more authoritative voices are quoted to illustrate the positive actions done by the government. For a neutral newspaper, the quotations are mainly used for further descriptions of the news. Nonetheless, the prior function of intertextuality is all the same for Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao, which is to imply other voices in the news, in order to express their own beliefs and opinions of the scandal implicitly. Though direct and indirect quotations are textual strategies, they also express interpersonal ideas, which are correlated with modality and lexical choices. 6.2 Modality This section presents the quantitative analysis with the support of the collected data. 23

35 The data reveals the distribution of the types and frequency of modality across the four subject matters of the reportage of the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder in three Hong Kong local Chinese newspapers, including Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Modality carries interpersonal function in news media. As suggested by Fowler (1991), modality can informally be regarded as comment or attitude, obviously by definition ascribable to the source of the text, and explicit or implicit in the linguistic stance taken by the speaker or writer (85). In other words, modality shows the stance-taking of the newspapers through the choice of different modality. In the data, several modal verbs have been recognized in reporting the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder. The modals that express epistemic possibility are wui6 會 ( will ), bat1 wui6 不會 ( will not ), si6 是 ( be ), ho2 / ho2 ji5 可 / 可以 ( can ), nang4 能 ( can ), bat1 nang4 不能 ( cannot ) and ho2 nang4 可能 ( may be ), to assert speaker s attitude, knowledge and belief on the factual status of the propositions. On the other hand, necessity modal verbs, such as jiu3 要 ( should ), bat1 jiu3 不要 ( should not ), jing1/ jing1 goi1 應 / 應該 ( should ) and seoi1 jiu3 需要 ( need ), express the necessity of the actions to be carried out by the public, the trade or the government. The general distributional pattern of possibility and necessity modality is shown in Tables 8 9 in Appendix The average occurring frequency of possibility and necessity modality per text under four different kinds of narration in each local Chinese newspaper is presented in Figures 9 19 in Appendix 5 9. Inside each of these figures, the vertical axis indicates the average occurring frequency of a given modal verb in each newspaper article. The horizontal axis shows the types of possibility modality or necessity modality, divided into a comparison of Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao with the 24

36 indicate of blue, pink and yellow lines respectively. It will then be argued that the discrepancies in distributions are resulted from the difference of the political stances held by the three local Chinese newspapers in the later section Distributional contrast of possibility modality and necessity modality As shown in Figure 9, the percentage frequency of possibility modality is 78.38% of the total numbers of modality found in the data, whereas the percentage frequency of necessity modality is 21.62%. The percentage of the possibility modality si6 是 ( be ) (28%) ranks highest among all the types of modality collected from the data, followed by another possibility modality wui6 會 ( will ) (22%), then the necessity modality jiu3 要 ( should ) (11%). It shows that the use of epistemic possibility modality is more common in reporting the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder. Figure 9. The percentage of occurring frequency of Possibility Modality and Necessity Modality. 4% 4% 10% 7% 3% 22% 11% 6% 28% 3% 2% si6 wui6 ho2 / ho2 ji5 bat1 nang4 bat1 wui6 nang4 ho2 nang4 jiu3 bat1 jiu3 jing1/ jing1 goi1 seoi1 jiu3 As can be seen from Table 10, 113 modal verbs are used in the narrations of advices to the public or the trade. The second highest is the narrations of Melamine which has about 45 modal verbs, then followed by the narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption, about 20 modal verbs can be found, and lastly, the 25

37 narrations concerning attempts and explanations of the producers or suppliers of China s Tainted Milk Powder, only 7 modal verbs can be found. Possibility Modality Necessity Modality Table 10. Occurring Frequency of Possibility Modality and Necessity Modality in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao Narrati ons of Melami ne Narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption Narrations concerning the producers/ suppliers of China s Tainted Milk Powder Narrations of the advice to the public/ trade Total Total: As the statistics shown in Figures in Appendix 5 6, the average occurrence of possibility modality wui6 會 ( will ) used in the narrations of advices to the public or trade is the highest when compared with the other figures. The possibility modality wui6 會 ( will ) indicates the commitment of the reporters to the truth that something will be done by the trade or the general public. It also predicts the likelihood of the follow-up actions done by the trade or the public. 185 Figure 13. The average occurring frequency of possiblity modality per text in narrations of advices to the public/ trade. Average occurrence per text wui6 bat1 wui6 si6 ho2 / ho2 ji5 nang4 bat1 nang4 ho2 nang4 Types of possibility modality Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao The narrations of Melamine is the second highest in the average occurring frequency per text, then the narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption, and lastly, the narrations concerning the attempts and explanation of the producers or suppliers of China s Tainted Milk Powder. 26

38 Average occurrence per text Figure 10. The average occurring frequency of possibility modality per text in narrations of Melamine. wui6 bat1 wui6 si6 ho2 / ho2 ji5 nang4 bat1 nang4 ho2 nang4 Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Types of possibility modality The use of the possibility modality si6 是 ( be ) is common in the narrations of Melamine because of the assertive function of si6 是 ( be ). It implies that the reporters are having great confidences to the truthiness of the proposition being reported. Nonetheless, the modality si6 是 ( be ) asserts the meaning of melamine in news reporting. Surprisingly, a similar sequence can be observed in the distributional patterns of necessity modality (see Figures in Appendix 7), where over 80% of the necessity model verbs can be found in the narrations of advices to the public or the trade. A few necessity modalities, only two out of forty, can be found in the narrations of Melamine in news reporting. Conversely, no necessity modalities are used in the narrations of health effects or producers/ suppliers of China s Tainted Milk Powder can be noticed in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. For the numerical data, please refer to Tables 8 14 in Appendix Average occurrence per text Figure 15. The average occurring frequency of necessity modality per text in narrations of advices to the public/ trade. jiu3 bat1 jiu3 jing1/ jing1 goi1 seoi1 jiu3 Types of necessity modailty Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao 27

39 The use of necessity modality jiu3 要 ( should ) is common in the narrations of advice given to the trade or the general public. It shows that reporters stipulate that the trade or the general public in the proposition of the scandal ought to perform the actions stated in the proposition (Fowler 1991:86). As observed from the results of the occurring frequencies, it shows that there is a correlation between the use of modality and the contents of the reportage. The reportage of the subject matter, China s Tainted Milk Powder, in a press is mainly aimed to inform the public about the hazards associated with Melamine and give advice to the public or the trade what they should do to prevent or to stop being influenced by the consumption of Melamine. Thus it is more frequent to use modality to describe the matter of Melamine and the advices to the public and the trade Possibility modality and necessity modality in news reporting In this section, the frequent use of certainty modal si6 是 ( be ), probability modal wui6 會 ( will ) and imperative modal jiu3 要 ( should ) in reporting the matter of China s Tainted Milk Powder in the three local Chinese newspaper will be examined. It will then be argued that the use of modality carries the interpersonal function because the views and attitudes of the reporters are expressed through the choices of different modality The use of certainty modal si6 是 ( be ) According to the statistical result, the frequent use of certainty modal si6 是 ( be ) is outstanding. It is used to assert the beliefs of the reporters. It expresses the reporters certainty about the factual status of the proposition of China s Tainted Milk Powder, particularly in narrations of Melamine, as shown in Extracts (13), (14) and (15) 28

40 which represents the news extracted from Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao respectively: (13) 不法奶農才是這次事件的真兇! bat1 faat3 naai5 nung4 coi4 si6 ze2 ci3 si6 gin6 dik1 zan1 hung1 Illegal dairy producer is the real ringleader of this incident. (14) 三聚氰胺是一種化工原料, 可導致人體泌尿系統產生結石 saam1 zeoi6 cing1 on1 si6 jat1 zung2 faa3 gung1 jyun4 liu6, ho2 dou6 zi3 jan4 tai2 bei3 niu6 hai6 tung2 caan2 saang1 git3 sek6 Melamine is a kind of industrial chemical raw material, which can lead to a damage of human kidneys. (15) 三聚氰胺是製造三聚氰胺 甲醛樹脂 ( 蜜胺塑料 ) 的化工原料 saam1 zeoi6 cing1 on1 si6 zai3 zou6 saam1 zeoi6 cing1 on1 - gaap3 cyun4 syu6 zi1 (mat6 on1 sok3 liu6) dik1 faa3 gung1 jyun4 liu6 Melamine is an industrial chemical used for the production of melamine resins. As mentioned by Fowler (1991), truth modality indicates that a speaker/ writer must always indicate or imply a commitment to the truth (or otherwise) of any proposition s/he utters, or to a prediction of the degree of likelihood of an event described taking place or having taken place (85). Though the certainty modal si6 是 ( be ) is commonly used in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao, however, the interpersonal function implied by modal si6 是 ( be ) is slightly different from each other in the three local Chinese newspapers. Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao, when they are reporting the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder, the reporters used the certainty modal si6 是 ( be ) to assert the fact of what Melamine is as illustrated in Extracts (14) and (15), which aims to deliver the factual information to the general public. By explaining the Melamine s composition, it helps to increase the objectivity of the news being reported, hence to increase the authority of the newspaper when 29

41 factual and objective information has been given to the public. Journalists of Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao tend to use the certainty modal si6 是 ( be ) to handle the subjects, which are more objective-oriented in nature. On the contrary, the interpersonal function of certainty modal si6 是 ( be ) implied in Apple Daily is slightly different from Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Apple Daily used si6 是 ( be ) to assert the negative relationship between drinking contaminated milk powder and health effects. For instance, taa1 waai4 ji4 si6 ji6 jung6 liu5 pui3 fong1 bat1 dong1 dik1 naai5 fan2 jau5 gwaan1 他懷疑是食用了配方不當的奶粉有關 ( He suspected that young children having kidney stones is because of drinking contaminated milk powder ), which shows the underlying presupposition of the reporters. Additionally, the certainty modal si6 是 ( be ) also expresses the confidence of the reporters towards the factual status of the proposition. As shown in Extract (13), the reporter of Apple Daily indicates the absolute confidence of the reporters in reporting the linkage of the matter of Melamine and its ringleader; it leads its readers to think in the same logic. The proposition regarding the ringleader of China s Tainted Milk Powder is stated as a simple statement of fact by using the modal si6 是 ( be ). Therefore, the reporters of Apple Daily tend to imply a negative attitude towards the scandal The use of probability modal wui6 會 ( will ) The probability modal wui6 會 ( will ) is another significant modality marker in the reportage of China s Tainted Milk Powder, especially regarding the narrations of advices given to the public or the trade, in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Examples are given in Extracts (16) (18). 30

42 (16) 吉之島超級市場會全面停售伊利牛奶 雪糕及雪條產品 gat1 zi1 dou2 ciu1 kap1 si5 coeng4 wui5 cyun4 min6 ting4 sau6 ji1 lei6 ngau4 naai5, syut3 gou1 gap6 syut3 tiu5 caan2 ban2 Jusco will stop selling Yili Milk Beverage, ice-cream and ice-lolly. (17) 食物安全中心指會跟進事件, 若發現上述產品在市面有售, 將會化驗 sik6 mat6 on1 cyun4 zung1 sam1 zi2 wui5 gan1 zeon3 si6 gin6, joek6 faat3 jin6 soeng6 seot6 caan2 ban2 zoi6 si5 min6 jau5 sau6, zoeng1 wui5 faa3 jim6 The Centre for Food Safety said they will follow-up the issue. If the above products have been sold in the market, they will be chemically analyzed. (18) 食環署發言人說, 若發現本港市面有售該兩款餅乾, 會即時抽驗 sik6 waan4 cyu5 faat3 jin4 jan4 syut3, joek6 faat3 jin6 bun2 gong2 si5 min6 jau5 sau6 goi1 loeng5 fun2 beng2 gon1, wui5 zik1 si4 cau1 jim6 The spokesman of Food and Environmental Hygiene Department said, if those two kinds of biscuits have been sold in Hong Kong s market, they will be randomly tested at once. Matthew and Yip (1994) claimed that the possibility modal wui6 會 ( will ) is closely glossed as will or would, which is related to possibility and probability (230), as shown in the Extracts (16), (17) and (18). The possibility modal wui6 會 ( will ) establish the sense of something will possibly be done by the government and the supplier or the trade regarding the matter of China s Tainted Milk Powder. Generally speaking, all three local Chinese newspaper used possibility modal wui6 會 ( will ) to report the future follow-up actions going to be done by the government, the suppliers and the trade. Possibility modal wui6 會 ( will ) asserts the intention and willingness of the government or the trade to do something to stop the wide-spread influence of Melamine added in food, to ensure the health of the public, especially the young children. In other words, it helps to release people s anger. Therefore, more objective tone can be maintained. However, the occurring frequency of possibility modal wui6 會 ( will ) in 31

43 Ming Pao Daily News is higher than the other two Chinese newspapers. Ming Pao Daily News used possibility modal wui6 會 ( will ) to tell the possible negative effects of drinking contaminated milk powder on the health of infants and young children, which mitigates the assertiveness of the statements made by the reporters. Hence, a more objective tone has been achieved by Ming Pao Daily News in reporting the scandal The use of imperative modal jiu3 要 ( should ) The imperative modal jiu3 要 ( should ) is commonly used in the proposition of advices to the public and the trade. It implies a stronger obligation for the relevant individual to do something which is based on the indication of an authority. The average number of occurring frequency of imperative modal jiu3 要 ( should ) is around one-tenth of the total number of modality found in the data. Extracts (19), (20) and (21) show the use of imperative modal jiu3 要 ( should ) in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao respectively as below: (19) 行政院長劉兆玄要求繼續清查問題奶粉流向, 並立即查扣確認銷毀, 今後凡從大陸進口的乳製品要嚴格把關, 逐批審核 hang4 zing3 jyun2 zoeng2 lau4 siu6 jyun4 jiu1 kau4 gai3 zuk6 cing1 caa4 man6 tai4 naai5 fan2 lau4 hoeng3, bing3 laap6 zik1 caa4 kau3 kok3 jing6 siu1 wai2, gam1 hau6 faan4 cung4 daai6 luk6 zeon3 hau2 dik1 jyu5 zai3 ban2 jiu1 jim4 gaak3 baa2 gwaan1, zuk6 pai1 sam2 hat6 Premier Liu Chao-shiuan from Taiwan requested to investigate continuously the afflux of contaminated milk powder, and to destroy the contaminated milk powder immediately. Once the dairy beverage, which is imported from China, should be checked one by one strictly. (20) 翌日, 總理溫家寶亦強調要強化領導問責制 jik6 jat6, zung2 lei5 wan1 gaa1 bou2 jik6 goeng6 diu6 jiu1 goeng6 faa3 leng5 dou6 man6 zaak3 zai3 The next day, Premier Wan jia-bao also emphasized on the need of enhancing the Principal Officials Accountability System. 32

44 (21) 中國衛生部提醒公眾, 立即停止使用該品種奶粉, 已食用該奶粉的嬰幼兒如出現小便困難等異常症狀, 要及時就診 zung1 gwok3 wai6 saang1 bou6 tai4 seng2 gung1 zung3, laap6 zik1 ting4 zi2 sai2 jung6 goi1 ban2 zung2 naai5 fan2, ji5 sik6 jung6 goi1 naai5 fan2 dik1 jing1 jau3 ji4 jyu4 ceot1 jin6 siu2 bin6 kwan3 naan4 dang2 ji6 soeng4 zing3 zong6, jiu1 kap6 si4 zau6 zan2 Ministry of Health of The People s Republic of China reminded the public that all the children, who have drank the contaminated milk and having difficulty in urinate, have to consult a doctor immediately. The above examples are performative, in which, an authority is giving a command or suggestion to the public. The authorities, like Taiwan Premier Liu Chao-shiuan in Extract (19), China Premier Wen Jiabao in Extract (20) and China s Ministry of Health in Extract (21), have the responsibility to govern their countries, hence, to ensure its citizens live in a safe and healthy country. Therefore, in reporting the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder, around 11% of the total numbers of modality is imperative modal jiu3 要 ( should ), especially in the narrations of advices given to the public or the trade. As mentioned by Fowler (1991), the speaker or writer stipulates that the participants in a proposition ought to perform the actions specified in the proposition (86). Therefore, the imperative modal jiu3 要 ( should ) carries more obligations for the participants to do something told by the authority. The use of imperative modal jiu3 要 ( should ) to express a sense of obligation is common in all three local Chinese newspapers, especially in Ming Pao Daily News Modality and political stances As observed in Figure 18, 59 possibility modalities out of 185 modalities are found in Ming Pao Daily News, 53 are found in Apple Daily and 33 are found in Tai Kung Pao; while for necessity modality, 24, 11 and 5 necessity modalities are found in Ming Pao Daily News, Apple Daily and Tai Kung Pao correspondingly. To 33

45 summarize, the uses of possibility modality and necessity modality are more salient in Ming Pao Daily News, whereas the least are used in Tai Kung Pao and with Apple Daily in-between. In other words, the use of modality in a newspaper is correlated with its different political stances towards China. The choices of modality depend on whether it is a right-leaning, a left-leaning and a neutral newspaper. Comparatively, Ming Pao Daily News, which has a neutral political stance toward China, uses more modal verbs in reporting the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder. It uses quite a number of assertions to state or explain what Melamine is to the public. With all these certainty assertions about Melamine, it makes the factual status of the reportage being more reliable to the public. Conversely, Tai Kung Pao, which has a pro-beijing stance, the use of modality is not particularly common in the reportage of the scandal. With little coverage in the narrations of the advices given to the public or the trade, it lessens the tension of the serious impact of contaminated milk powder. In sum, the use of modality of each newspaper is correlated with its political stance towards China. Occurring Frequency Figure 18. Comparison of the occurring frequency of possibility modality and necessity modality between Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Possibility Modality Types of Modality Necessity Modality Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao 34

46 6.3 Lexical choices The vocabulary used in reporting the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao are different. As observed in Figure 19, generally speaking, it shows that the words used in Apple Daily are more negative than those used in Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Conversely, Tai Kung Pao used more words associated with positive connotations in reporting the scandal among all the three selected newspapers. It is about two-third more than those in Apple Daily and one-third more than those in Ming Pao Daily News. Figure 19. Comparison of the occurring frequency of positive and negative connotations between Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Occuring frequency Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Names of newspaper Positive Connotation Negative Connotation Regarding the choice of lexis, Apple Daily and Ming Pao Daily News tend to use more words associated with negative connotation than those associated with positive connotation, which conveys a relatively more negative attitude towards the scandal being reported. However, Tai Kung Pao tends to use more words associated with positive connotation, in which comparatively, it conveys a more positive attitude towards the scandal. The choices of positive and negative connotations are shown in Tables in Appendix

47 6.3.1 Choice of lexis and contents of reporting The following two figures display the occurring frequency of positive and negative connotation words in newspaper reporting in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. As seen in the tables, the choice of lexis is correlated with the types of content being described in the reportage as shown in Figures 20 and 21. The horizontal axis represents the four types of contents being reported, whereas the vertical axis indicates the numbers of occurring frequencies of positive or negative connoted words in the data. Total occurring frequency Figure 20. The cccurring frequency of positive connotation in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Narrations of producers or suppliers of China s Milk Powder Narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption Contents of narrations Narrations of China government s actions or responses Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Narrations of the public or Parents Annoyances Total occurring fequency Figure 21. The occurring frequency of negative connotation in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Narrations of producers or suppliers of China s Milk Powder Narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption Contents of narrations Narrations of China government s actions or responses Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Narrations of the public or Parents Annoyances As noted in Figure 20, it is more common to use positive connoted words in 36

48 describing the follow-up actions carried out by the producers or suppliers and the government in Tai Kung Pao. Using negative connoted words to describe the follow-up actions carried out by the producers or suppliers in Apple Daily and Ming Pao Daily News, are 50% more than those with positive connotations. For the right-leaning newspaper, Apple Daily, it only used negative connoted words to describe the follow-up actions of the government in comparison with Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. In Figure 21, obviously, more negative connoted words are used when describing the health effects of Melamine consumption in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. In other words, it is inevitable to use more negative judgmental words to emphasis the negative impacts brought by tainted milk powder. However, there is a variation in the degree of negativity of each newspaper, which will be examined in the following sub-section Choice of lexis and political stances As mentioned above, the choice of lexis is distinct between Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Journalists select the different connoted words, according to their political stances, to report the news. Journalists are supposed to be impersonal, impartial and objective in news reporting; nonetheless journalists attitudes, evaluations and judgments are covertly conveyed through their choices of words in reporting the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder. Therefore, choices of lexis carry the ideational function. In the following sub-section, we will show that altered words are used to refer to the same person, company, government and action. Then we will argue that the choice of lexis is correlated with the political stance-taking by the newspapers. By examining the words chosen to describe the producers or suppliers of tainted milk 37

49 powder, the health impact of Melamine consumption, the follow-up actions or responses of Chinese government, and lastly, the anger or annoyances of parents and public, to reveal the underlying ideologies of the newspapers. The results show that different ideologies are communicated through the choice of lexis in newspaper reporting Choice of lexis in Apple Daily The vocabulary used in Apple Daily is rather critical and negative. For instance, negative connoted verbs bin6 cing1 辯稱 ( argue ) and gaau2 bin6 狡辯 ( deceitfully argue ) are used to describe the producers speeches after the exposure of China s tainted milk powder, in which they connoted with a sense of disagreement with the producer s points of view. Apple Daily even used a stronger noun phrase hang4 wai4 ho2 ci2 行為可恥 ( shameful behaviour ) to reveal the disapproval towards the production of contaminated milk powder. In Apple Daily, the words used to describe the consequences of containing melamine in infant milk products are negatively connoted. For example, when describing the consumption of tainted milk powder, its impact is portrayed as cing4 fong3 bei2 gaau3 zou1 gou1 情況比較糟糕 ( the situation is comparatively terrible ) and gang3 jim4 cung5 更嚴重 ( more serious ), even the words which are negatively associated with death sei2 mong4 死亡 ( death ) are directly and overtly used several times in the news reporting, hence, the negative consequences are stressed. The words used to describe the annoyances of the parents are relatively immoderate when comparing to Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Negative connoted words like koeng4 lit6 hin2 zaak3 強烈譴責 ( strongly reprimanded ), nou6 cik1 怒斥 ( scold angrily ), cik1 zaak3 斥責 ( accuse ) are used to highlight the 38

50 anger of the parents towards the producers of melamine milk powder, hence, zeoi1 gau3 si6 gin6 追究事件 ( to fix responsibility ) is used to imply the inevitable responsibility of the producers. Various strong parents voices are directly quoted in the reportage, which is intended to persuade the readers to believe the worst situation caused by China s tainted milk powder. When portraying the follow-up actions done by the Chinese government, Apple Daily emphasizes the negative handling methods of China in coping with the scandal. For instance, dong1 guk6 zi3 gam1 jau5 fau2 zin2 hoi1 diu6 caa4, zi3 gam1 jing4 si6 go3 mai4 當局至今有否展開調查, 至今仍是個謎 ( whether the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine has started the investigation of milk tainted with melamine is still an unknown until now ), which takes a critical stance to suspect the investigation stage finished by China. It even criticizes the reliability of the Chinese government, by using negatively judgmental words as noi6 dei6 gun1 jyun4 seon3 hau2 ci1 wong4 dik1 jin4 leon4 leoi5 gin3 bat1 in2 內地官員信口雌黃的言論屢見不鮮 ( it is not difficult to find officers of China make deceitful statements without careful thought ). Thus, these negative and immoderate connoted words reveal the critical attitude and stance-taking of Apple Daily covertly. As been previously mentioned, Apple Daily is a right-leaning newspaper, in term of its political stance towards China, in Hong Kong; hence, its choice of lexis used in reporting the scandal of China s tainted milk powder is more negative and critical, as seen in the analyzed data. The reportage overtly stated the critical attitude Choice of lexis in Ming Pao Daily News Conversely, the vocabulary used in Ming Pao Daily News is less negative and critical connoted than those used in Apple Daily, which means the words used are relatively 39

51 moderate. For instance, verbs like waan4 cing1 還稱 ( still claim ) and goi2 hau2 cing1 改口稱 ( change their mind and claim ) are used to describe the speeches made by the producer of tainted milk, it mitigates the blame made by the newspaper when compare to the stronger negative connoted verbs used in Apple Daily, though the stance of Ming Pao Daily News is not completely positive. Ming Pao Daily News reported and elaborated on the impact of tainted milk consumption. Negative connoted adjectives, including jim4 cung5 嚴重 ( serious ) and gang1 gaa1 jim4 cung5 更加嚴重 ( more serious ), are used to describe the situation of consuming tainted milk powder. However, it alleviates the degree of negative impact brought by milk tainted with melamine by the noun bou6 fan6 部分 ( parts of ) in bou6 fan6 cing4 fong3 jim4 cung5 部分情況嚴重 ( parts of the situation are serious ). On the other hand, in Ming Pao Daily News, stronger negative nouns such as sei2 mong4 死亡 ( death ) is used to claim the serious impact brought by tainted milk powder, nevertheless, words like joek6 若 ( if ) is used to create a subjunctive mood, which in fact, is a device to mitigate the tragedy. Occasionally, Ming Pao Daily News made a strong accusation against the producers of tainted milk powder by using verbs like duk6 sei2 毒死 ( to poison ). To compare with Apple Daily, only few parents annoyances can be found in Ming Pao Daily News. To illustrate, moderate verb bou3 cing1 報稱 ( report ) is used to describe the declaration made by the parents, which makes the reportage of the newspaper sound more objective without using extreme negative or positive connoted words. The follow-up actions done by the government are endorsed by Ming Pao Daily News; therefore, more positive and supportive connoted words are used. Evidence is given in Extracts (22), (23) and (24), to illustrate the lexical choice of Ming Pao 40

52 Daily News in reporting the actions of the government. (22) 中國政府高度重視最近發生的嬰幼兒奶粉事件, 並立即採取果斷措施處理, 而且政府在事件中已汲取 3 個教訓 zung1 gwok3 zing3 fu2 gou1 dou6 cung5 si6 zeoi3 gan6 faat3 saang1 dik1 jing1 jau3 ji4 naai5 fan2 si6 gin6,bing3 laap6 zik1 coi2 ceoi2 gwo2 dyun3 cou3 si1 cyu2 lei5,ji4ce2 zing3 fu2 zoi6 si6 gin6 zung1 ji5 kap1 ceoi2 saam1 go3 gaau3 fan3 The Chinese government concerned seriously with the recent issue of tainted milk powder, determined measurements have been implemented immediately and the government has learned three lessons from this incident. (23) 有關事件體現中國的官員問責制不斷成熟, 日後會成為慣例 jau5 gwaan1 si6 gin6 tai2 jin6 zung1 gwok3 dik1 gun1 jyun4 man6 zaak3 zai3 bat1 dyun6 sing4 suk6, jat6 hau6 wui5 sing4 wai4 gwaan3 lai6 The accountability of principal of officials of China has become more martial through this scandal; it will become the usual practice. (24) 國家質檢總局日前亦曾進行檢驗, 挑選了蒙牛 121 批次的樣本作檢驗, 令不同時間出廠的產品都可得到檢查, 結果發現 11 批次樣本出現問題, 但本港卻只是隨意抽取 36 個樣本, 難保下一個批次沒有問題 gwok3 gaa1 zat1 gim2 zung2 guk6 jat6 cin4 jik6 cang4 zeon3 hang4 gim2 jim6, tiu1 syun2 liu5 mung4 ngau4 121 pai1 ci3 dik1 joeng6 bun2 zok3 gim2 jim6, ling6 bat1 tung4 si4 gaan3 ceot1 cong2 dik1 caan2 ban2 dou1 ho2 dak1 dou3 gim2 caa4, git3 gwo2 faat3 jin6 11 pai1 ci3 joeng6 bun2 ceot1 jin6 man6 tai4, daan6 bun2 gong2 koek3 zi2 si6 ceoi4 ji3 cau1 ceoi2 36 go3 joeng6 bun2, naan6 bou2 haa6 jat1 go3 pai1 ci3 mut6 jau5 man6 tai4 The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People s Republic of China tested 121 dairy products of China Mengniu Dairy Company Limited to ensure that all products can be tested. The test results shown that 11 of them have problems, but Hong Kong only randomly tests on 36 samples, which is difficult to ensure that there is no problem for the next production. In Extract (22), Ming Pao Daily News described the attitude and actions of the Chinese government towards the issue of tainted milk powder with words such as gou1 dou6 cung5 si6 高度重視 ( regard seriously ), laap6 zik1 立即 ( immediately ) and gwo2 dyun3 果斷 ( determined ), to convey positive connoted meanings. 41

53 Regarding the matter of contaminated milk, though the Chinese government cannot get away with it, Ming Pao Daily News indirectly puts forwards its supportive attitude to the government by choosing the positive associated words bat1 dyun6 seng4 suk6 不斷成熟 ( be more mature continuously ) to compliment on the improvement of the government. Finally, Ming Pao Daily News even compared the actions done by the Chinese government with those done by the Hong Kong government as illustrated in Extract (24). Negatively judgmental words, like ceoi4 ji3 隨意 ( randomly ) and naan4 bou2 難保 ( difficult to ensure ), are used to emphasize the possible negative impact brought by Hong Kong s government. As a result, in comparison with the actions of Hong Kong s government, those implemented by the Chinese government are more appreciated. Accordingly, the lexical choices used in Ming Pao Daily News, which has a neutral political stance toward China, appeal to be more neutral and positive, hence the newspaper reporting sounds more factual. It intends to maintain the journalistic neutrality by having fewer personal and emotive words, which do not convey accusatory tone, in the reportage Choice of lexis in Tai Kung Pao The vocabulary used in Tai Kung Pao is rather patriotic, hence quite a number of positive connoted words are chosen in the newspaper reporting. Words such as zi6 gim2 faat3 jin6 自檢發現 ( discover by self-checking ), mat6 cit3 gwaan1 zyu3 密切關注 ( be intensely concerned about ) and paai3 jan4 liu5 gaai2 cing4 fong3 派人了解情況 ( send people out to understand the situation thoroughfully ) are used to stress on the active role and the enthusiasm of the producers to tackle the harm caused by the contaminated milk. It intends to mitigate the negative images of the 42

54 producers by establishing a responsible image, which is relatively more supportive and moderate when comparing to Apple Daily and Ming Pao Daily News. The journalist quoted the opinion of Sanlu, the China s biggest producer in powdered milk, saam1 luk6 jaa5 si6 sau6 hoi6 ze2,hei1 mong6 dak1 dou3 se5 kui2 lei5 gaai2 三鹿也是受害者, 希望得到社會理解 ( Sanlu hopes the public to understand that they are also the victim from the issue ), as no other opponents voices have been included, even no parents voices are quoted, therefore, the stance-taking of Tai Kung Pao is expressed implicitly by the choice of quotation. As Van Dijk (1998) claimed, those who are ideologically close will be given primary attention as possible sources of opinions (85). Although the lexical choices used in portraying the health effect caused by consuming tainted milk formula are negative in Tai Kung Pao as well, the degree of negativity is not as critical as those stated by Apple Daily and Ming Pao Daily News. Negative words like zeoi3 jim4 zung6 dik1 sik6 ban2 on1 cyun4 si6 gu3 最嚴重的食 品安全事故 ( the worst food safety incident ) are used to describe the issue of milk scandal in China. However, more euphemistic terms are used to mitigate the negative situation of consuming tainted milk; examples are illustrated in Extract (25) and (26). (25) 結果還在統計核對中, 目前尚不能確定嬰兒腎結石與配方奶粉有直接關係 git3 gwo2 waan4 zoi6 tung2 gai3 hat6 deoi3 zung1, muk6 cin4 soeng6 bat1 nang4 kok3 ding6 jing1 ji4 san6 git3 sek6 jyu6 pui3 fong1 naai5 fan2 jau5 zik6 zip3 gwaan1 hai6 The result is still checking with statistics, so it is not sure that there is a direct relationship between the causes of young children kidney stones and the formulation of contaminated milk powder. (26) 安排對甘肅全省市級以上醫院 2006 至 2008 年間病例進行檢索, 調查數據顯示, 目前全省共上報該病例 59 人, 死亡 1 例, 分布 10 個市州 24 個縣區, 農村患兒居多 on1 paai4 deoi3 gam1 suk1 cyun4 sing2 si5 kap1 ji5 soeng6 ji1 jyun

55 zi nin4 gaan1 beng6 lai6 zeon3 hang4 gim2 sok3, tiu4 caa4 sok3 geoi3 hin2 si6, muk6 cin4 cyun4 saang2 gung1 soeng6 bou3 goi1 beng6 lai6 59 jan4, sei2 mong4 1 lai6, fan1 bou3 10 go3 si5 zau1 24 go3 jyun6 keoi1, nung4 cyun1 waan6 ji4 geoi1 do1 Arrange a retrieving of the casebooks between 2006 and 2008 in all the important hospitals of Gansu. The statistical data shows that, there are 59 casebooks, 1 case of death in the whole province of Gansu, the cases are distributed in 10 cities and 24 counties. Village children is the majority of the casebooks. As illustrated in Extract (25), Tai Kung Pao stated that the damage of young children s kidneys may not be caused by the formula of the milk powdered, in order to relieve the tension of blame for producing tainted milk powder. Similarly, in Extract (26), the use of figures is to establish a sense of objective reporting. However, it can, accordingly, be said that this news report is intended to convince the readers to believe the damage of tainted milk powdered is so serious. The degree of negativity of consuming tainted milk powder in Tai Kung Pao seems to be less serious than those mentioned in Apple Daily and Ming Pao Daily News. The stance-taking of Tai Kung Pao is more obvious by examining the lexical choice used in the narrations of the Chinese government s follow-up actions after the exposure of tainted milk powder. Comparatively, the follow-up actions carried out by the Chinese government have been described in detail, hence, it entails that the Chinese government is willing and enthusiastic to tackle the problems caused by tainted milk powder. For instance, ziu6 hoi1 loeng5 ci3 gung1 zok3 jin4 gau3 wui6 召開兩次工作研究會 ( call for two action research meetings ), zai3 ding6 lau4 dung6 fong1 on3 制定流動方案 ( set up flow plan ) and jiu1 kau4 kei5 jip6 sau1 wui4 caan2 ban2 要求企業收回產品 ( request enterprise to rescind all the contaminated powder products ) are used to describe the follow-up actions done by the Chinese government, which emphasizes the positive actions done by the Chinese 44

56 government. Positive adjective words, such as laap6 zik1 hoeng3 wai6 saang1 bou6 zou6 liu5 wui6 bou3 立即向衛生部做了匯報 ( report to China s Healthy Ministry immediately ), zeon6 faai3 caa4 ming4 jyun4 jan1 盡快查明原因 ( find out the true facts as fast as possible ), laap6 zik1 ziu6 hoi1 gan2 gap1 wui6 ji5 立即召開緊急會 議 ( call for emergency meeting immediately ) and laap6 zik1 sau1 wui4 cyun4 bou6 ho2 ji4 caan2 ban2 立即收回全部可疑產品 ( rescind all suspicious products immediately ) are used to describe the speed of the actions done by the Chinese government. The supportive attitude towards China is overtly entailed in the news reporting by quoting the government, as shown in Extract (27): (27) 將不惜一切代價救治相關患者, 堅決召回遺留在市場上的全部問題奶粉, 把對消費者的損害降低到最低程度 zoeng1 bat1 sik1 jat1 cai3 doi6 gaa3 gau3 zi6 soeng1 gwaan1 waan6 ze2, gin1 kyut3 ziu6 wui4 wai4 lau4 zoi6 si5 coeng4 soeng6 dik1 cyun4 bou6 man6 tai4 naai5 fan2, baa2 deoi3 siu1 fai3 ze2 dik1 syun2 hoi6 gong3 dai1 dou3 zeoi3 dai1 cing4 dou6 No matter what cost, we save the related patients, recall all the contaminated milk powder in the market resolutely, in order to minimize the impact to the consumers. Positive connoted words, such as bat1 sik1 jat1 cai3 doi6 gaa3 不惜一切代價 ( no matter what cost ) and gin1 kyut3 堅決 ( resolute ), are used to describe the attitude of Chinese government in tackling the scandal of tainted milk powder. Hence, it can be, accordingly, assumed that Tai Kung Pao is on the Chinese official side, which is pro-beijing. In sum, different ideational functions have been communicated in three different local Chinese newspapers in terms of their political stances towards China through the choices of lexis. Fowler (1991) stated that, vocabulary can be regarded as a representation of the world for a culture; the world as perceived according to the ideological needs of a culture (82). Therefore, the lexical choices of a newspaper, in 45

57 which, indicate the beliefs and attitudes held by the newspapers. As can be observed in the data, Apple Daily used more critical words, whereas Tai Kung Pao used more moderate words instead. Ming Poa Daily News, comparatively, is more objective in reporting the scandal of China s tainted milk powder. As a result, different ideologies have been conveyed in all three newspapers. 7. DISCUSSION The results of this study show the three local Chinese newspapers, i.e. Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao, adopted different linguistics devices when reporting the scandal of China s tainted milk powder on the basis of their political stances towards China, which is right-leaning, neutral and left-leaning respectively. Although different domains have been examined, the findings are consistent with each other. 7.1 Journalistic neutrality and political stances The crucial discourse function of newspaper reportage is to report the true facts to the readers (Hsieh 2008:219). Being impartial, impersonal and objective in news reporting is an essential covert rule for a professional journalist. Nevertheless, deviating from journalistic neutrality seems to be inevitable when the political stance-taking of a newspaper is taken into account. Each newspaper publisher has its own political stance, so the interesting point is to see, whether there is evidence to show that reporters have their biases. As shown in the previous section, the linguistic devices chosen by the newspaper are different, although the same incident is being reported. The choices of linguistic devices are purposely chosen by each newspaper in order to convey a 46

58 certain kind of ideology to its readers. As shown in the analyzed data, Apple Daily, which is critical to Beijing, is more critical and negative in attitude when reporting the scandal of China s tainted milk powder; while Tai Kung Pao, which is pro-beijing, used more moderate and supportive linguistics devices to report the government. Relatively, Ming Pao Daily News is in between, therefore, the linguistics devices used are comparatively neutral and factual in tone. As a result, journalistic neutrality is hardly achieved in news reporting. In accordance with the analyzed data, it is more common for a right-leaning newspaper to use more negative connoted words to express its negative attitude towards the Chinese government. Conversely, for a left-leaning newspaper, more positive connotations can be found in the news reporting concerning a Chinese scandal. By doing so, the journalists can project their own beliefs and attitudes towards the readers, which makes the readers to believe the messages being reported. Hence, there is a close relationship between the choices of linguistics devices and the political stances carried by the newspaper. Under this presupposition, journalistic neutrality will be altered or deviated according to the political stances of the newspaper. 7.2 Maintenance of journalistic neutrality Despite deviating from neutrality, journalists still used different methods to maintain journalistic neutrality and balance in news reporting. For instance, other texts or voices have been incorporated in the reportage, or direct and indirect quotations of parents, experts or authorities are quoted in the news, which make the claims of the journalists appear more impersonal, and hence, increasing authenticity and credibility of their reports. As suggested by White (2004), since journalists should be impartial and 47

59 objective in news reporting, their attitudes or evaluations should not be asserted explicitly in the news. White (2004) pointed out that the use of quotation is served as giving a room for the readers to make their own judgments. The journalists simply report other people s views, and leave it up to the reader to make up their own minds (White 2004:236). As a result, the frequent use of quotations in news reporting could also be viewed as encoding a sense of objectivity. In addition to figurative language, other rhetorical devices, which are statistics and numbers, are used in news reporting. For instance, the numbers of infants affected after drinking tainted milk powder are shown in all the three local Chinese newspapers. By inserting the factual numbers in the news coverage, it enhances the factuality of the harm brought by the contaminated milk. In sum, although these linguistic devices help to maintain journalistic neutrality in news reporting, the underlying ideology of a journalist is projected through the choices of linguistic devices and the ways it is expressed. Therefore, pure journalistic neutrality is rarely found in news discourse, although being as impartial as possible in news reporting is the duty of the journalists. 8. CONCLUSION This study examined the relationship between the linguistics choices with the political stances held by the newspaper, along the discussion of journalistic neutrality. The results shows that journalists, who with different political stances, have different methods to convey what they believe to be truth in news coverage of the same incident. The political stances held by the newspaper are a crucial factor to account for the linguistics devices, such as quotations, modality and lexical choices, chosen and 48

60 used in news reporting. In terms of political stances, the newspapers which are right-leaning, quoted more victims personal experiences, used more possibility modality in the narrations of the advices to the public, and more vocabulary with negative connotations in reporting the scandal of China s tainted milk powder. Conversely, left-leaning newspaper, on the other hand, quoted more government s speeches, used more possibility modality in the narrations of government s follow-up actions and more vocabulary with positive connotations in news reportage. The results of this study have a significant implication for the discussion of stance-taking in relation to the notion of journalistic neutrality. It shows that there is a close association between journalistic neutrality and political stances of the newspaper. The right-leaning newspaper tends to be more critical in reporting the scandal, thus negative attitude and impact are exaggerated in the news; while the left-leaning newspaper tends to be more supportive towards China, therefore, the impacts brought by the scandal is diminished in the news reported. The neutral newspaper tends to be more objective in tone during news reporting. In spite of political stances held by the newspaper, journalists try to maintain journalistic neutrality by the use of intertextuality which is the use of direct and indirect quotations in new reporting, statistical figures and possibility hedges to make the news reporting sound more objective. Political stances of a newspaper, therefore not only affects the language chosen by the reporters in the printed news; it also makes journalists depart from journalistic neutrality. Hence, perceptions of the readers about the world are influenced by the ideas and beliefs of the newspaper unconsciously. This original study is significant as it explores how political stances and the ways of scandal reporting along the discussion of journalistic neutrality are associated, which fills the gap in the researches on media language and news 49

61 discourse analysis. It also provides a more comprehensive understanding of the textual, interpersonal and ideational functions of the language chosen and used in Hong Kong Chinese printed press, with the concern of it political stances. This study gives a preliminary understanding about the association between linguistics choices, political stances and journalistic neutrality. Further researches can be done on the variations between the textual, interpersonal and ideational functions of language in the printed news discourse or beyond. Comparisons between local English and Chinese newspapers or cross-linguistic comparisons are also interesting research areas for further analysis in the future. 50

62 Appendix 1 9. APPENDICES Figure 2. Illustrates the political standpoints of the three local Chinese daily newspapers to be analyzed. Liberal continuum Pro-Chinese government Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao 51

63 Appendix 2 Table 1. The numbers of news coverage on the scandal of China s Tainted Milk Powder during 12 th September 2008 to 30 th September Chinese newspaper Numbers of news coverage Apple Daily 139 Tai Kung Pao 197 Ming Pao 168 Figure 3. The distribution of direct and indirect quotations in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. 31% 13% 23% 3% 25% 5% AD direct quotes AD indirect quotes MP direct quotes MP indirect quotes TKP direct quotes TKP indirect quotes 52

64 Appendix 3 Figure 4. An overview of the average occurrence of direct quotations per text in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao Average occurrence per text Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao 0 Parents' voices Doctors' voices Authorities' voices Other voices Types of voices Figure 5. An overview of the average occurrence of indirect quotations per text in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao Average occurrence per text Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Parents' voices Doctors' voices Authorities' voices Other voices Types of voices 53

65 Appendix 4 Figure 6. The average occurrence of direct and indirect quotations per text in Apple Daily. Average occurrence per text Parents' voices Doctors' voices Authorities' voices Other voices Direct Quotation Indirect Quotation Types of voices Figure 7. The average occurrence of direct and indirect quotations per text in Ming Pao Daily News. Average occurrence per text Direct Quotation Indirect Quotation Parents' voices Doctors' voices Authorities' voices Other voices Types of voices Figure 8. The average occurrence of direct and indirect quotations per text in Tai Kung Pao. Average occurrence per text Direct Quotation Indirect Quotation Parents' voices Doctors' voices Authorities' voices Other voices Types of voices 54

66 Appendix 5 Figure 9. The percentage of occurring frequency of Possibility Modality and Necessity Modality. 4% 4% 10% 7% 3% 22% 11% 6% 28% 3% 2% si6 wui6 ho2 / ho2 ji5 bat1 nang4 bat1 wui6 nang4 ho2 nang4 jiu3 bat1 jiu3 jing1/ jing1 goi1 seoi1 jiu3 Averag e occurrence p er text Figure 10. The average occurring frequency of possibility modality per text in narrations of Melamine. Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao wui6 bat1 wui6 si6 ho2 / ho2 ji5 nang4 bat1 nang4 ho2 nang4 Types of possibility modality 55

67 Appendix 6 Averag e occurrence p er text Figure 11. The average occurring frequency of possibility modality per text in narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption. wui6 bat1 wui6 si6 ho2 / ho2 ji5 nang4 bat1 nang4 ho2 nang4 Types of possibility modality Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Averag e occurrence p er text Figure 12. The average occurring frequency of possibility modality per text in narrations concerning the producers/ supplier of China's Tainted Milk Powder. wui6 bat1 wui6 si6 ho2 / ho2 ji5 nang4 bat1 nang4 ho2 nang4 Types of possibility modality Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Figure 13. The average occurring frequency of possiblity modality per text in narrations of advices to the public/ trade. Average occurrence per text wui6 bat1 wui6 si6 ho2 / ho2 ji5 nang4 bat1 nang4 ho2 nang4 Types of possibility modality Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao 56

68 Average occurrence per text Figure 14. The average occurring frequency of necessity modality per text in narrations of Melamine. jiu3 bat1 jiu3 jing1/ jing1 goi1 seoi1 jiu3 Types of necessity modality Appendix 7 Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao A v e r a g e occurrence p er text Figure 15. The average occurring frequency of necessity modality per text in narrations of advices to the public/ trade. jiu3 bat1 jiu3 jing1/ jing1 goi1 seoi1 jiu3 Types of necessity modailty Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao 57

69 Appendix 8 Figure 16. The average occurring frequency of possibility modality per text in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Average occurrence per text wui6 bat1 wui6 si6 ho2 / ho2 ji5 nang4 bat1 nang4 ho2 nang4 Types of possibility modality Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Figure 17. The average occurring frequency of necessity modality per text in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Average occurrence per text jiu3 bat1 jiu3 jing1/ jing1 goi1 seoi1 jiu3 Types of necessity modality Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao 58

70 Appendix 9 Figure 18. Comparison of the occurring frequency of possibility modality and necessity modality between Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. 70 Occurring Frequency Possibility Modality Necessity Modality Types of Modality Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Figure 19. Comparison of the occurring frequency of positive and negative connotations between Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Occuring frequency Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Names of newspaper Positive Connotation Negative Connotation 59

71 Appendix 10 Total occurring frequency Figure 20. The cccurring frequency of positive connotation in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Narrations of producers or suppliers of China s Milk Powder Narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption Contents of narrations Narrations of China government s actions or responses Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Narrations of the public or Parents Annoyances T o ta l o c c u rrin g feq uency Figure 21. The occurring frequency of negative connotation in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Narrations of producers or suppliers of China s Milk Powder Narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption Contents of narrations Narrations of China government s actions or responses Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Narrations of the public or Parents Annoyances 60

72 Table 2. An overview of the use of direct and indirect quotations in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Appendix 11 Total in 9 hard news Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Average occurrence Total in 9 hard Average occurrence Total in 8 hard per text news per text news Average occurrence per text Direct Quotation Indirect Quotation Total:

73 Appendix 12 Table 3. An overview of the average occurrence of direct quotations per text in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Parents' voices Doctors' voices Authorities' voices Other voices Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Table 4. An overview of the average occurrence of indirect quotations per text in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Parents' voices Doctors' voices Authorities' voices Other voices Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao

74 Appendix 13 Table 5. The average occurrence of direct and indirect quotations per text in Apple Daily. Parents' voices Doctors' voices Authorities' voices Other voices Total Direct Quotation Indirect Quotation Table 6. The average occurrence of direct and indirect quotations per text in Ming Pao Daily News. Parents' voices Doctors' voices Authorities' voices Other voices Total Direct Quotation Indirect Quotation Table 7. The average occurrence of direct and indirect quotations per text in Tai Kung Pao. Parents' voices Doctors' voices Authorities' voices Other voices Total Direct Quotation Indirect Quotation

75 Appendix 14 Table 8. The occurring frequency of possibility modality in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Possibility Modality wui6 會 (will) bat1 wui6 不會 (will not) si6 是 (be) ho2 / ho2 ji5 可 / 可以 (can) nang4 能 (can) bat1 nang4 不能 (cannot) ho2 nang4 可能 (may be) Probability Probability Certainty Ability Ability Ability Probability Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Total: Total 64

76 Table 9. The occurring frequency of necessity modality in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Appendix 15 Necessity Modality jiu3 要 (should) bat1 jiu3 不要 (should not) jing1/ jing1 goi1 應 / 應該 (should) seoi1 jiu3 需要 (need) Imperative Imperative Obligation Obligation Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Total: Total 65

77 Table 10. The occurring frequency of possibility modality and necessity modality in different narrations among the three local Chinese newspapers. Appendix 16 Narrations of Melamine Narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption Narrations of the producers/ suppliers of China s Tainted Milk Powder Narrations of the advice to the public/ trade Total Possibility Modality Necessity Modality Total: Table 11. Comparing the occurring frequency of possibility modality and necessity modality used in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Total Possibility Modality Necessity Modality Total:

78 Table 12: The occurring frequency of possibility and necessity modalities in Apple Daily. Appendix 17 Possibility Modality wui6 會 (will) bat1 wui6 不會 (will not) si6 是 (be) ho2 / ho2 ji5 可 / 可以 (can) nang4 能 (can) bat1 nang4 不能 (cannot) ho2 nang4 可能 (may be) Total Probability Probability Certainty Ability Ability Ability Probability Narrations of Melamine Narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption Narrations concerning the producers/ suppliers of China s Tainted Milk Powder Narrations of the advice to the public/ trade Total: Necessity Modality jiu3 要 bat1 jiu3 jing1/ jing1 goi1 seoi1 jiu3 Total (should) 不要 (should not) 應 / 應該 (should) 需要 (need) Imperative Imperative Obligation Obligation Narrations of Melamine Narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption Narrations concerning the producers/ suppliers of China s Tainted Milk Powder Narrations of the advice to the public/ trade Total:

79 Table 13: The occurring frequency of possibility and necessity modalities in Ming Pao Daily News. Appendix 18 Possibility Modality wui6 會 bat1 wui6 si6 是 ho2 / ho2 ji5 nang4 能 bat1 nang4 ho2 nang4 Total (will) 不會 (will not) (be) 可 / 可以 (can) (can) 不能 (cannot) 可能 (may be) Probability Probability Certainty Ability Ability Ability Probability Narrations of Melamine Narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption Narrations concerning the producers/ suppliers of China s Tainted Milk Powder Narrations of the advice to the public/ trade Total: Necessity Modality jiu3 要 bat1 jiu3 jing1/ jing1 goi1 seoi1 jiu3 Total (should) 不要 (should not) 應 / 應該 (should) 需要 (need) Imperative Imperative Obligation Obligation Narrations of Melamine Narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption Narrations concerning the producers/ suppliers of China s Tainted Milk Powder Narrations of the advice to the public/ trade Total:

80 Table 14: The occurring frequency of possibility and necessity modalities in Tai Kung Pao. Appendix 19 wui6 會 (will) bat1 wui6 不會 (will not) si6 是 (be) Possibility Modality ho2 / ho2 ji5 可 / 可以 (can) nang4 能 (can) bat1 nang4 不能 (cannot) ho2 nang4 可能 (may be) Probability Probability Certainty Ability Ability Ability Probability Narrations of Melamine Narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption Narrations concerning the producers/ suppliers of China s Tainted Milk Powder Narrations of the advice to the public/ trade Total: Total Necessity Modality jiu3 要 bat1 jiu3 jing1/ jing1 goi1 seoi1 jiu3 Total (should) 不要 (should not) 應 / 應該 (should) 需要 (need) Imperative Imperative Obligation Obligation Narrations of Melamine Narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption Narrations concerning the producers/ suppliers of China s Tainted Milk Powder Narrations of the advice to the public/ trade Total:

81 Appendix 20 Table 15. Lexical Choices The occurring frequency of positive and negative connotations in the reportage of the scandal in Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao. 1. Narrations of producers or suppliers of China s Milk Powder 2. Narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption 3. Narrations of China government s actions or responses 4. Narrations of the public or parents annoyances Apple Daily Positive Connotation Ming Pao Daily News Negative Connotation Tai Kung Pao Apple Daily Ming Pao Daily News Tai Kung Pao Total:

82 Table 16. The use of direct and indirect quotations of parents' voices in the news reporting of Apple Daily source items direct indirect AD 1 AD I01 我的孩子 1 歲了, 也是一出生就吃這個奶粉 女兒正在南京市兒童醫院留醫的楊女士稱, 她女兒最大一個腎結石直徑達 1.4 厘米, 而且尿道裏也有結石, 情況比較糟糕 AD 1 AD I02 有山東省患病嬰兒家長呼籲受影響家長聯合起來追究事件 : 我的寶寶長期喝奶粉, 得了腎結石我很痛心, 希望有這種情況的父母跟我聯繫, 共同探討 AD 1 AD I03 另一名家長稱, 她兒子六個半月大, 在四個月前開始, 發現他尿中有芝麻粒狀的粉末出現, 由於小孩沒甚麼痛苦, 不以為意 AD 2 AD I04 媒體 網上充斥家長和民眾的譴責聲 我的孩子在 8 月 8 日出生, 三鹿的產品 (8 月 1 日 ) 已經發現問題了, 但是當時貨架上還有賣 AD 2 AD I05 有受害 BB 家長斥責三鹿隱瞞, 令她的孩子喝了三鹿有毒奶粉, 孩子之前睡的很好, 但是最近尿尿的時候經常哭鬧 她哭訴說 Appendix 21 71

83 Table 17. The use of direct and indirect quotations of doctors' voices in the news reporting of Apple Daily source items direct indirect AD 1 AD I06 醫生指出, 嬰兒患腎結石的臨床表現為無法排尿 會出現疼痛 啼哭等徵狀, 呼籲家長留意子女, 及時醫治 AD 1 AD 1 AD I07 AD I08 Appendix 21 據南京古樓醫院泌尿科醫生孫西釗教授稱, 今年 3 月以來, 他對南京兒童醫院其中 10 名嬰兒結石樣本進行檢驗, 發現是一種極罕見的結石, 在中國從未發現過 南京古樓醫院泌尿科的燕翔博士表示, 引起腎結石的原因有許多, 有的是先天缺陷, 也可能與飲水有關 72

84 Appendix 21 Table 18. The use of direct and indirect quotations of authority's voices in the news reporting of Apple Daily source items direct indirect AD 1 AD I09 國家衞生部昨晚公告, 經調查, 高度懷疑三鹿牌嬰幼兒配方奶粉受到三聚氰胺污染所致, 並指三聚氰胺可導致人體泌尿系統產生結石 AD 1 AD I10 甘肅省衞生廳昨日召開記者會稱, 早在 7 月 16 日, 當局就受到有關醫院的報告, 並對部份 BB 患泌尿系統結石病展開調查 AD 2 AD I11 美國食品和藥品管理局 (FDA) 昨開始禁止部份中國奶粉在美國銷售, 有 FDA 官員更建議, 消費者如果看見有來自中國的嬰兒奶粉, 不要購買, 不要食用 AD 2 AD I12 國家衛生部昨晚發表聲明 : 受污染奶粉致嬰幼兒泌尿系統結石事實初步認定 AD 2 AD I13 國務院台灣事務辦公室昨日亦接獲質檢總局的通知稱,6 月間三鹿透過模里西斯商與三鹿的外資股東新西蘭恒天然台灣分公司, 向台出口 25 噸的三鹿奶粉, 規格為 25 公斤包裝, 中國已要求三鹿停止銷售 就地銷毀該批奶粉 AD 2 AD I14 石家莊政府稱, 問題奶粉是由於有不法分子在原奶收購過程中添加了三聚氰胺所致, 警方已經傳喚了 78 名嫌疑人員 AD 2 AD I15 對於國家質監局在今年 6 7 月就收到家長舉報, 商家 8 月也發現問題, 但到 9 月才正式公佈結果 衞生部專家組成員孫東東卻表示處理已算快 AD 3 AD I16 香港食物安全中心表示正跟進事件 73

85 Appendix 21 source items direct indirect AD 3 AD I17 食物及衞生局長周一嶽稱, 日內會約見國家質檢總局官員了解事件, 政府也正抽驗其他奶類製品, 看是否含有污染物 AD 3 AD I18 食物安全中心回應指正在跟進事件, 稱過去數日巡查本港藥房及超市, 未發現問題產品或其他內地奶粉出售, 中心已抽取三款內地製造的國際牌子奶粉檢測, 未發現含三聚氰胺, 亦已抽驗內地生產以牛奶製造的產品樣本, 包括鮮奶 雪糕 雪條及酸乳酪作化驗 AD 3 AD I19 正在北京休假的食物及衞生局局長周一嶽昨表示, 日內會約見國家質檢總局官員了解事件 AD 3 AD I20 台灣衞生署透露, 由春喬食品興業公司生產, 疑使用了三鹿問題奶粉的尚効藍山炭燒咖啡, 有 665 箱銷往香港 AD 4 AD I21 食環署在惠康發表聲明後約兩小時, 即晚上約 6 時半, 才發出新聞稿, 表示在周末及假期期間, 於市面抽取 22 款產品的 27 個樣本, 包括三款台灣罐裝飲品的 11 個樣本 16 個內地生產的鮮奶 雪糕 雪條及酸乳酪樣本作檢測, 發現伊利牧場大果粒酸奶味雪條, 含有百萬分之 15 的三聚氰胺 AD 4 AD I22 該署 ( 食環署 ) 指, 在一般情況下, 有關含量不會對健康構成重大影響, 但幼兒不宜食用 AD 4 AD I23 立法會議員李華明表示, 食環署應盡快公佈化驗結果, 相信署方是要顧及法律問題, 故需時公佈 74

86 source items direct indirect AD 7 AD I24 因三鹿毒奶粉下台的國家質檢總局局長李長江, 去年曾在公開場合上表示, 中國出口食品合格率平均達到 99%, 比美國的平均水平高 AD 7 AD I25 溫神色凝重地說 : 作為政府負責人, 我感到十分痛心 AD 7 AD I26 ( 溫 ) 一個民族在災難中失去的, 總會有進步來補償 AD 7 AD I27 我今年已經 67 歲, 我今後將把我最後的精力獻給國家和人民 溫家寶希望為後人留下兩個精神遺產 : 當遇到災難, 不要退縮, 勇於面對, 帶領人民克服困難 AD 7 AD I28 溫家寶就中國食品問題在美國大派定心丸的同時, 身在北京的國家質檢總局總檢驗師項玉章亦力撐 : 目前中國市場, 包括生產的企業, 奶製品都沒有含三聚氰胺 AD 9 AD 9 AD I29 AD I30 立法會議員李華明批評吉百利剝奪消費者知情權, 大企業應該有透明度, 唔公開資料咁唔負責任, 對消費者好唔公平 消費者惟有自保, 杯葛佢啲產品 他又批評食安中心反應過慢及監管不力, 促請該中心全面抽查所有含奶類成份的產品, 印尼嘅化驗結果嚇死人, 吉百利有事收埋唔出聲, 政府都唔理, 成日見步行步, 做到抽晒筋 75 Appendix 21

87 source items direct indirect AD 9 AD I31 立法會議員直斥吉百利及食安中心 離晒譜, 呼籲消費者杯葛吉百利產品 AD 9 AD I32 本港食安中心回應稱, 正要求該公司提交有關資料 Appendix 21 76

88 Table 19. The use of direct and indirect quotations of others' voices in the news reporting of Apple Daily source items direct indirect AD 2 AD I33 ( 三鹿集團 ) 集團更辯稱 不法奶農才是這次事件的真兇! AD 2 AD I34 內地女演員鄧婕昨被網友揭發曾為三鹿慧幼嬰幼兒奶粉拍攝廣告後, 受到強烈批評 她在廣告中不斷重複說 : 專業生產, 品質保證, 名牌產品, 讓人放心, 還實惠, 三鹿慧幼嬰幼兒奶粉, 我信賴! AD 2 AD I35 一名浙江網友遂諷刺她說 : 甚麼叫 放心, 放心 嬰兒吃出腎結石? AD 2 AD I36 消費者的投訴, 指飲用該品牌的粉後 孩子尿液發紅, 有結晶現象 AD 3 AD I37 本港部份食物零售店, 包括位於九龍城的 裕記 也被捲入事件, 店員稱在一兩個月前出售三鹿奶粉製品, 相信其他分店亦有售賣, 暫時未收到指示要回收 AD 3 AD I38 裕記店員稱, 一兩個月前開始出售這種產品, 且有一定銷路, 相信其他分店亦有售賣, 暫時未收到指示要回收 AD 3 AD I39 金門旅遊業者指, 三鹿奶粉事件曝光後, 到金門旅遊的大陸遊客經常成箱購買嬰兒奶粉 AD 4 AD I40 惠康發言人表示, 昨早接獲食環署通知後作出回收決定, 全線 250 間分店中,200 間有出售伊利雪糕雪條, 但未提供銷量, 相信退貨的顧客不多 Appendix 21 77

89 source items direct indirect AD 4 AD I41 百佳超級市場發言人表示, 昨接獲食環署通知後, 下午決定將所有伊利雪糕及雪條產品下架, 客人可憑單據退款 AD 4 AD I42 日清食品發言人表示, 已將該糖水樣本送到化驗所檢驗是否含三聚氰胺, 下周有結果 AD 4 AD I43 本港 KFC 發言人表示, 曾採用蒙牛牌 UHT 牛奶冲咖啡及奶茶, 但發生內地毒奶粉事件後, 已即時停用 AD 4 AD I44 本港 STARBUCKS 表示, 並無採用蒙牛牛奶產品 AD 4 AD I45 本港其他大型食肆, 包括美心西餅 美心快餐店 大家樂快餐店均表示沒有採用蒙牛及伊利的產品 AD 4 AD I46 餐飲聯業協會會長黃家和表示, 本港不少食品生產商及食肆都採用奶製品, 估計當中 10% 至 15% 用內地奶製品, 大部份都採用歐洲 澳洲及美國產品 AD 5 AD I47 梁小姐說, 最近的毒奶粉事件已使她非常驚恐, 減少進食相關的食品 AD 9 AD I48 本港百佳超級市場發言人昨晚表示, 已決定將該款有問題及所有內地製樂天小熊餅 落架 ; 惠康發言人表示已即時收起有關產品 AD 9 AD I49 吉百利昨透過位於新加坡的亞太區分部發表聲明稱, 內地有產品檢驗結果令該公司對其產品成份的可靠性 產生疑問 Appendix 21 78

90 Appendix 21 source items direct indirect AD 9 AD I50 對於印尼前日公佈的化驗數據,M&M 製造商 Mars 的本港發言人黃凱雯承認, 印尼與本港同類產品屬同一生產線, 但極度質疑當地化驗結果 她解釋, 其產品的奶成份只佔 11%, 印尼驗出的三聚氰胺含量卻逾 800ppm, 結果 極不尋常 該產品又經內地 本港等地證實安全食用, 有乜理由同一條生產線, 結果會咁唔一樣? AD 9 AD I51 中文大學生化系副教授陳竟明批評, 港府緊急立法規管三聚氰胺含量的法定上限後, 並沒有相應增加化驗規模, 立咗例, 又驗唔足, 好多有事產品上咗架都 check 唔切 79

91 Table 20. The use of direct and indirect quotations of parents' voices in the news reporting of Ming Pao Daily News source items direct indirect MP 1 MP I01 除甘肅外, 江蘇省南京有 20 多個腎結石嬰兒求診, 湖北有 3 例, 陝西 寧夏等地有 6 例, 安徽 江西 山東 湖南 河南均有家長報稱食用 三鹿 奶粉的孩子出現疑似症狀 Appendix 22 80

92 Table 21. The use of direct and indirect quotations of doctors' voices in the news reporting of Ming Pao Daily News source items direct indirect MP 1 MP I02 揚子晚報 引述南京鼓樓醫院泌尿科外科醫生孫西釗教授說, 他分析過 10 個個案, 其中一名患兒是雙胞胎之一, 母乳只夠 1 個孩子吃, 餵母乳的孩子沒有患病, 餵奶粉的則患腎石, 故排除遺傳因素 MP 1 MP I03 孫教授說, 事件比早年安徽阜陽發生的 大頭娃娃 奶粉致病事件更加嚴重, 因為它容易導致患兒急性腎功能衰竭, 若搶救不當會致其死亡 Appendix 22 81

93 Appendix 22 Table 22. The use of direct and indirect quotations of authority's voices in the news reporting of Min Pao Daily News source items direct indirect MP 1 MP I04 發現 59 宗個案的甘肅省衛生廳昨日稱, 部分患病嬰兒病情惡化為腎功能不全, 並指所有病嬰均食用過有關品牌的奶粉 MP 1 MP I05 衛生部亦稱 高度懷疑 奶粉受到三聚氰胺污染, 而三聚氰胺是一種化工原料, 可導致人體泌尿系統產生結石 MP 1 MP I06 甘肅今年 59 嬰個案 1 死甘肅省衛生廳發言人楊敬科昨日在通報會上稱, 甘肅今年已有 59 例嬰兒腎結石個案, 已有 1 名嬰兒死亡, 患者多在 5 至 11 個月大, 全部食用過 三鹿 牌的嬰兒配方奶粉 MP 1 MP I07 楊敬科稱, 甘肅衛生廳 7 月中已接到病例報告, 並成立調查組到奶粉廠檢查, 並收集 6 個奶粉樣本進行檢測 MP 2 MP I08 廣東省衛生廳副廳長廖新波指出, 無良商家為通過檢查, 在奶粉中加入含氮量高達 66% 的 三聚氰胺, 成本可比添加真蛋白質節約 80% MP I09 他說, 食品行業常使用 凱氏定氮法 (Kjeldahl method), 透過檢測食品氮原子的含量來間接推算蛋白質的含量 MP 3 MP I10 食物安全中心指會跟進事件, 若發現上述產品在市面有售, 將會化驗 82

94 source items direct indirect MP 3 MP I11 正在北京休假的食物及衛生局長周一嶽表示, 日內將約見國家質檢總局官員, 了解三鹿奶粉污染事件, 他說, 港府日前已接獲內地部門知會, 指問題奶粉用於內銷, 政府正抽驗其他來源的奶類製品是否含有污染物, 但由於三聚氰胺並非用於食品, 因此不列入恆常檢驗機制 MP 3 MP I12 食物安全中心說, 正跟進事件, 據內地資料, 三鹿牌產品無入口本港, 而過去數天, 中心在巡查藥房及超市時, 未發現有關產品或其他內地奶粉在港出售 MP 4 MP I13 食安中心發言人表示, 該樣本檢出的 三聚氰胺 含量為百萬分之十五, 在一般食用情況下, 不會對健康構成重大影響, 但建議不宜給予幼兒食用 MP 4 MP I14 發言人指出, 由於檢出 三聚氰胺 的含量極微, 有機會是在生產過程中處理的器皿受到污染所致, 現正向生產商了解, 入口商會回收該產品 MP 5 MP I15 食物及衛生局局長周一嶽昨日表示, 計劃立法禁止將三聚氰胺加入食物, 並立法規定所有輸港奶品必須附有新的衛生證明書, 方便當局追蹤入口食物來源, 預計在新一屆立法會期提出立法動議 MP 5 MP I16 議員們炮轟立法監管食物安全過於遲緩, 周一嶽表示, 正計劃立法禁止將三聚氰胺加入食物中, 但會考慮到食物有可能會被包裝或容器污染而含有微量三聚氰胺 83 Appendix 22

95 Appendix 22 source items direct indirect MP 5 MP I17 食物安全專員陳漢儀表示, 自事件發生至今, 食物安全中心共抽取一百三十九個樣本化驗, 其中一百零六個已有結果, 其中九個樣本含三聚氰胺, 結果已於早前公布 MP 5 MP I18 陳漢儀說, 根據主要奶粉商的資料, 本港的嬰兒奶粉並沒有使用內地的原材料, 但為安全起見, 當局已全面抽查市面約三十個不同品牌嬰兒奶粉化驗, 化驗結果將於周日收到 MP 6 MP I19 他 ( 李長江 ) 當時曾表示, 抽檢的 80% 的企業產品沒有檢測出三聚氰胺, 產品是安全的 MP 6 MP I20 翌日, 總理溫家寶亦強調要強化領導問責制 MP 6 MP I21 中共總書記 國家主席胡錦濤在會上斥責一些幹部 對群眾呼聲和疾苦置若罔聞, 對關係群眾生命安全這樣的重大問題麻木不仁 MP 7 MP I22 溫家寶在午宴上表示, 中國政府高度重視最近發生的嬰幼兒奶粉事件, 並立即採取果斷措施處理, 而且政府在事件中已汲取 3 個教訓, 首先會確保產品質量, 不以犧牲民衆的健康和生命換取企業發展 ; MP 7 MP I23 溫家寶還表示, 中國會採取有力的措施確保產品質量和食品安全, 中國的出口產品不僅要符合國際標準, 還要符合進口國的要求 MP 7 MP I24 溫家寶同時強調, 企業家的身上應流着道德的血液 84

96 Appendix 22 source items direct indirect MP 8 MP I25 周說 : 目前來說, 我們驗了這麼多次, 它們都是沒有問題的 但我們希望有一個持續的做法, 令香港人飲鮮奶也安心 但因鮮奶出廠後, 只可存放數日, 抽檢也要配合時間性 85

97 Appendix 22 Table 23. The use of direct and indirect quotations of others' voices in the news reporting of Ming Pao Daily News source items direct indirect MP 1 MP I26 三鹿集團昨日稱, 發現部分產品受可致結石的化學品 三聚氰胺 污染, 決定立即收回今年 8 月 6 日以前生產的全部嬰幼兒奶粉, 市場上約有 700 噸 MP 1 MP I27 河北三鹿相關負責人早前還稱自己產品合格, 不可單一認為腎結石由奶粉造成 MP 1 MP I28 昨晚 ( 河北三鹿相關負責人 ) 改口稱發現部分嬰幼兒奶粉受 三聚氰胺 污染, 決定召回今年 8 月 6 日以前生產的全部三鹿嬰幼兒奶粉, 市面上共有 700 噸 MP 2 MP I29 三鹿集團品牌管理部蘇長生稱, 三鹿品牌適合 0 至 3 歲嬰幼兒的奶粉, 自今年 3 月到 8 月 5 日生產的產品中部分批次被污染 他指奶製品蛋白質含量是依靠檢測氮含量, 有奶農向鮮奶中添加三聚氰胺來提高氮含量 MP 2 MP I30 ( 三鹿集團 ) 集團聲稱, 奶粉中出現三聚氰胺並不是在生產環節中發生 MP 2 MP I31 營銷專家冷振興在新浪網撰文稱, 奶粉造假通常有兩種, 一種是摻入大豆蛋白粉, 對人體沒有副作用 ; 另一種是摻入三聚氰胺 而在奶粉中出現化合物三聚氰胺的根本原因, 在於現行的凱氏定氮蛋白質測定方法, 只測試總有機氮含量, 而非特定的蛋白質含氮量, 於是, 凱氏方法缺陷被商家投機利用, 使偽劣產品蒙混達標 86

98 source items direct indirect MP 2 MP I32 ( 營銷專家 ) 冷振興認為, 利用檢驗標準的缺陷, 其後果是, 將本應該是對人體無明顯副作用的動物蛋白的奶粉中添加植物蛋白 ( 如大豆蛋白 ), 變成為行業 潛規則 : 不顧人死活的添加三聚氰胺 MP 3 MP I33 ( 九龍城的 裕記 ) 店員說, 在一兩個月前出售這種產品, 亦有銷路, 相信其他分店同樣有售, 暫時未收到指示要回收, 裕記總部職員則指要待明日 ( 周二 ), 公司才有人回應事件 MP 4 MP I34 惠康表示, 為方便顧客, 是次退貨毋須收據 MP 4 MP I35 而百佳則表示, 顧客若有收據便跟收據退款, 沒有則按當日有關產品的價格退款 MP 6 MP I36 新華社稱, 有關事件體現中國的官員問責制不斷成熟, 日後會成為慣例 MP 6 MP I37 新華社昨日發表述評文章, 指 此次是自 2003 年 SARS 以來的新一輪官員問責風暴 MP 6 MP I38 述評文章還說, 此次的問責風暴顯示了中國政府在奧運之後突顯憂患意識 積極應對矛盾的態度, 發生重大安全事故就追究領導責任已經從 個案 成為 慣例 MP 6 MP I39 新華社特別指出, 李長江的下台是在中共 深入學習實踐科學發展觀活動 動員大會 3 天之後 Appendix 22 87

99 Appendix 22 source items direct indirect MP 8 MP I40 維記牛奶表示, 他們昨日已率先試行了抽驗計劃, 等待化驗結果大約要 4 至 6 小時, 大致上對生產流程的影響不大, 只是以往食環署是待他們製成了鮮奶飲品入樽後才抽查, 現將抽查環節提早在來貨原材料上 MP 9 MP I41 吉百利昨早突然發出聲明, 宣布緊急回收 11 款產品, 包括純黑朱古力和牛奶朱古力, 該些產品全由 吉百利北京工廠 生產, 聲明沒有解釋回收原因是否涉及三聚氰胺, 只表示, 原本其乳製品供應商全部通過中國政府檢測, 但 根據吉百利公司的額外檢驗得出的結果, 令吉百利對其在中國生產的一系列產品, 所使用的一種成分的可靠性, 產生疑問 MP 9 MP I42 署方只回應 正要求該公司提交有關資料 MP 9 MP I43 王國興更炮轟吉百利含糊其詞, 絕無社會責任, 簡直離譜! 他指食環署絕不能以 無權過問 為由, 輕易放過吉百利, 必須要求對方公開真相 88

100 Appendix 23 Table 24. The use of direct and indirect quotations of parents' voices in the news reporting of Tai Kung Pao source items direct indirect TKP 1 TKP I01 據患兒家長反映, 患兒曾食用 三鹿牌 奶粉 89

101 Appendix 23 Table 25. The use of direct and indirect quotations of doctors' voices in the news reporting of Tai Kung Pao source items direct indirect TKP 1 TKP I02 南京鼓樓醫院泌尿科外科醫生孫西釗教授表示, 這一疾病與前幾年安徽阜陽發生的奶粉所致的大頭娃娃事件相比, 後果更嚴重 90

102 Appendix 23 Table 26. The use of direct and indirect quotations of authority's voices in the news reporting of Tai Kung Pao source items direct indirect TKP 1 TKP I03 國衛生部 11 日晚指出, 近期甘肅等地報告多例嬰幼兒泌尿系統結石病例, 調查發現患兒多有食用 三鹿牌 嬰幼兒奶粉的歷史, 經調查, 高度懷疑該品牌奶粉受到三聚氰胺污染 TKP 1 TKP I04 中國衛生部專家指出, 三聚氰胺是一種化工原料, 可導致人體泌尿系統產生結石 TKP 1 TKP I05 甘肅省衛生廳於 7 月 16 日接某醫院報告, 稱今年該院收治的嬰兒患腎結石病例明顯增多, 近幾月已達十幾例, 均食用 三鹿牌 奶粉 當日, 衛生廳作了初步調查發現, 該醫院上半年共收治患腎結石患兒 16 例 ( 不包括門診治療病兒 ), 月齡大多為 5 至 11 個月, 患者病情重, 部分患兒已發展成腎功能不全 TKP 1 TKP I06 中國衛生部提醒公眾, 立即停止使用該品種奶粉, 已食用該奶粉的嬰幼兒如出現小便困難等異常症狀, 要及時就診 同時, 衛生部要求各醫療機構及時報告類似病例 TKP 1 TKP I07 石家莊市副市長趙新朝說, 石家莊市已對下一步工作措施進行了緊急部署, 將不惜一切代價救治相關患者, 堅決召回遺留在市場上的全部問題奶粉, 把對消費者的損害降低到最低程度 91

103 Appendix 23 source items direct indirect TKP 2 TKP I08 國家質檢總局新聞辦主任李迎豐十二日下午四時多接受本報記者採訪時透露, 各部委十二日聯合召開首次會議, 通報各部門關於三鹿問題奶粉的調查情況, 然後將新信息向社會發布 TKP 2 TKP I09 石家莊市副市長趙新朝說, 石家莊市已對下一步工作措施進行了緊急部署, 將不惜一切代價救治相關患者, 堅決召回遺留在市場上的全部問題奶粉, 把對消費者的損害降低到最低程度 ; 對三聚氰胺造成的食源性疾病的問題進行調 TKP 2 TKP I10 河北警方稱, 三聚氰胺是一種化工原料, 作為添加劑, 可以使原奶在摻入清水後, 仍然符合收購標準, 所以被不法分子用來增加交奶量以獲利 TKP 2 TKP I11 各個部門調查的情況將進行匯總, 之後向社會公布 李迎豐說 TKP 2 TKP I12 河北警方稱, 在牛奶中添加三聚氰胺的不法行為是一種公開的秘密, 在河北唐山 石家莊奶源爭奪地活動着多支從事培訓奶農造假的專業技術隊伍 TKP 3 TKP I13 食物安全中心發言人昨日說, 中心一直密切留意內地 三鹿牌 嬰兒奶粉事件, 並已採取積極跟進措施, 保障食物安全 92

104 Appendix 23 source items direct indirect TKP 3 TKP I14 ( 食物安全中心 ) 發言人說 : 雖然根據內地有關當局的資料, 有關產品並沒有出口香港, 中心人員在過去數天亦有到藥房及超級市場巡查, 並未發現有關產品或其他內地牌子奶粉在市面出售 而為審慎起見, 中心已在市面抽取三款內地製造國際牌子的奶粉樣本作檢測, 今日獲得的化驗結果顯示, 全部樣本均沒有檢出 三聚氰胺 TKP 3 TKP I15 中心將繼續密切留意情況 TKP 4 TKP I16 食安中心發言人表示, 該樣本檢出的 三聚氰胺 含量為百萬分之十五, 在一般食用情況下, 不會對健康構成重大影響, 但建議不宜給予幼兒食用 TKP 4 TKP I17 發言人舉例指, 以一個體重六十公斤的成人每天要進食多於二點五公斤雪條 ( 即多於二十二支雪條 ), 其 三聚氰胺 攝入量才超過安全參考值; 一個體重三十公斤的孩童每天要進食多於一點二五公斤雪條 ( 即多於十一支雪條 ), 其 三聚氰胺 攝入量才超過安全參考值 TKP 5 TKP I18 食物及衛生局局長周一嶽昨日表示, 計劃立法禁止將三聚氰胺加入食物, 並立法規定所有輸港奶品必須附有新的衛生證明書, 方便當局追蹤入口食物來源, 預計在新一屆立法會期提出立法動議 93

105 Appendix 23 source items direct indirect TKP 5 TKP I19 議員們炮轟立法監管食物安全過於遲緩, 周一嶽表示, 正計劃立法禁止將三聚氰胺加入食物中, 但會考慮到食物有可能會被包裝或容器污染而含有微量三聚氰胺 TKP 5 TKP I20 食物安全專員陳漢儀表示, 自事件發生至今, 食物安全中心共抽取一百三十九個樣本化驗, 其中一百零六個已有結果, 其中九個樣本含三聚氰胺, 結果已於早前公布 TKP 5 TKP I21 陳漢儀說, 根據主要奶粉商的資料, 本港的嬰兒奶粉並沒有使用內地的原材料, 但為安全起見, 當局已全面抽查市面約三十個不同品牌嬰兒奶粉化驗, 化驗結果將於周日收到 TKP 5 TKP I22 周一嶽表示, 相信本港的嬰兒奶粉是安全的 ; 至於已抽檢的奶類產品, 未來兩三日將完成化驗, 市民可以先等候結果, 暫時不進食 TKP 8 TKP I23 食物安全中心昨晚表示正了解跟進事件 TKP 8 TKP I24 澳門衛生局昨日宣布, 化驗發現三款在當地有售的奶類製品含有三聚氰胺 TKP 8 TKP I25 另外, 因應韓國食品及藥物局宣布, 兩款由中國生產 從香港進口的餅乾 Milk Rusk 和 Misarang Custard, 驗出含有三聚氰胺, 食物及衛生局局長周一嶽昨日表示, 密切跟進情況, 食物環境衛生署正擴大檢驗豆奶和餅乾等食品 94

106 Appendix 23 source items direct indirect TKP 8 TKP I26 食環生署發言人說, 若發現本港市面有售該兩款餅乾, 會即時抽驗 TKP 9 TKP I27 食環署稱, 當局正與印尼當局聯絡, 並會覆檢產品 TKP 9 TKP I28 政府問題奶品專家小組成員陳恩強表示, 印尼檢測結果 高得離奇, 對人體影響甚大, 希望企業可自行進行奶類產品測試 TKP 9 TKP I29 ( 食物安全中心 ) 中心發言人稱, 已知會業界停售, 如有足夠證據, 考慮提出檢控 95

107 Appendix 23 Table 27. The use of direct and indirect quotations of others' voices in the news reporting of Tai Kung Pao source items direct indirect TKP 1 TKP I30 據新華社北京十一日消息 : 石家莊三鹿集團股份有限公司 11 日晚發布產品召回聲明稱, 經公司自檢發現 8 月 6 日前出廠的部分批次三鹿嬰幼兒奶粉受到三聚氰胺的污染 TKP 1 TKP I31 此前, 三鹿集團公司有關負責人表示, 公司密切關注奶粉致病事件, 已派人赴相關地區了解情況, 並全力配合有關部門調查 TKP 2 TKP I32 石家莊三鹿集團股份有限公司董事長田文華十二日下午對本報記者說, 公司所生產的嬰幼兒 問題奶粉 是不法分子在原奶收購過程中添加了三聚氰胺所致 TKP 2 TKP I33 ( 石家莊三鹿集團股份有限公司董事長田文華 ) 他同時強調 三鹿也是受害者, 希望得到社會理解 TKP 4 TKP I34 惠康表示, 為方便顧客, 是次退貨毋須收據 TKP I35 而百佳則表示, 顧客若有收據便跟收據退款, 沒有則按當日有關產品的價格退款 TKP 6 TKP I36 民眾普遍認為 : 免檢產品 已成為一些企業的保護傘, 由於這個門檻不高 標準很低的產品免檢制度, 質檢總局放棄了對這些食品企業的監管職責, 導致了三鹿毒奶粉事件的爆發 TKP 8 TKP I37 惠康超級市場稱要待收到食物安全中心通知, 才決定是否需要回收 96

108 Appendix 23 source items direct indirect TKP 8 TKP I38 該款樂天小熊餅在本港亦有售, 百佳超市發言人稱, 該款樂天小熊餅與其他內地生產的樂天小熊餅, 都會一併回收 TKP 8 TKP I39 惠康超市發言人說, 未收到食物安全中心通知, 暫時不會回收 TKP 9 TKP I40 吉百利公司發言人稱, 有關產品的一種成分有問題, 決定回收 TKP 9 TKP I41 吉百利公司昨日發表聲明稱, 在自行檢測產品後, 未能確定合乎安全標準, 決定主動回收旗下十一款朱古力產品, 聲明並無交代當中是否含有三聚氰胺 TKP 9 TKP I42 ( 吉百利 ) 公司發言人表示, 已確認其乳製品供應商均通過中國政府的檢測, 但為安全起見, 公司進行額外檢驗, 結果顯示, 在北京製的產品所使用的一種成分 可靠性有疑問, 決定回收有關的產品 TKP 9 TKP I43 然而, 據通訊社消息, 一名自稱是吉百利公司的發言人表示, 初步檢驗顯示其在中國製造的朱古力產品含有三聚氰胺 TKP 9 TKP I44 ( 一名自稱是吉百利公司 ) 該發言人說, 暫未能確定這些朱古力含有多少三聚氰胺 TKP 9 TKP I45 本港代理商吉百利四洲有限公司表示, 已即時通知零售商回收產品, 直至檢測結果合格才供應市場 TKP 9 TKP I46 百佳和惠康均稱, 已將有關的產品即時下架, 市民可憑單據退款或換貨 97

109 Appendix 23 source items direct indirect TKP 9 TKP I47 代理商 Mars 稱, 旗下的產品在香港 台灣和馬來西亞等地的測試都不含三聚氰胺, 質疑印尼的測試是否準確, 公司的印尼代表會和當地政府進一步了解 TKP 9 TKP I48 ( 代理商 Mars) 他說, 已將有關的產品送往檢測, 預計今日有結果, 承諾會向市民交代詳情 TKP 9 TKP I49 百佳及惠康表示, 即時停售所有 M&M's OREO 和 Snicker's 在內地製產品, 並安排退款 TKP 9 TKP I50 Citysuper 亦表示, 已停售中國製的 M&M's 及 Snicker's 產品, 但 OREO 產品是經日本進口則不會停售 98

110 Appendix 24 Table 28. Lexical Choices in the narrations of Producers or Suppliers of China's Milk Powder Newspaper Source Item Positive Connotation Source Item Negative Connotation Apple Daily AD 1 AD PC1 三鹿昨晚亦隨即宣佈, 全面回收今年 8 月 6 日以前生 AD 2 AD NC1 遭媒體踢爆 產 Apple Daily AD 2 AD NC2 集團更辯稱 不法奶農才是這次事件的真兇! Apple Daily AD 2 AD NC3 沒有及時處理, 竟隱瞞事件逾一個月, 而事件遭揭發後仍處處狡辯, 令超過 230 個 BB 受害, 行為可恥! Apple Daily AD 2 AD NC4 集團何以處處狡辯, 與自家奶粉無關? Ming Pao Daily News MP 1 MP PC1 決定立即收回今年 8 月 6 日以前生產的全部嬰幼兒奶 MP 1 MP NC1 河北三鹿相關負責人早前還稱自己產品合格 粉 Ming Pao Daily News MP 1 MP PC2 決定召回今年 8 月 6 日以前生產的全部三鹿嬰幼兒奶 MP 1 MP NC2 至昨晚改口稱發現部分嬰幼兒奶粉受 三聚氰胺 粉 污染 Ming Pao Daily News MP 2 MP NC3 三鹿把責任推到奶農頭上, 但也無法推卸其任何責任 Ming Pao Daily News MP 2 MP NC4 變成為行業 潛規則 : 不顧人死活的添加三聚氰胺 Tai Kung Pao TKP 1 TK PC1 經公司自檢發現 8 月 6 日前出廠的部分批次三鹿嬰幼兒奶粉受到三聚氰胺的污染 Tai Kung Pao TKP 1 TK PC2 公司密切關注奶粉致病事件 Tai Kung Pao TKP 1 TK PC3 已派人赴相關地區了解情況 Tai Kung Pao TKP 1 TK PC4 並全力配合有關部門調查 Tai Kung Pao TKP 2 TK PC5 他同時強調 三鹿也是受害者, 希望得到社會理解 99

111 Appendix 24 Table 29. Lexical Choices in the narrations of health effects of Melamine consumption Newspaper Source Item Positive Connotation Source Item Negative Connotation Apple Daily AD 1 AD NC5 內地 BB 飲用國產三鹿牌奶粉導致腎結石事件已擴展到九個省區, 繼甘肅後, 江蘇 陝西 山東 安徽 湖南 湖北 江西 寧夏等地也陸續出現患腎結石 BB, 患者近百, 其中一人死亡 Apple Daily AD 1 AD NC6 全省在今年共有 59 個病例, 並且有 1 人死亡 Apple Daily AD 1 AD NC7 江蘇南京也發現自今年 3 月以來, 至少 20 名嬰兒患上腎結石, 當中 5 人仍然留醫 Apple Daily AD 1 AD NC8 尿道裏也有結石, 情況比較糟糕 Apple Daily AD 1 AD NC9 今次事件比安徽阜陽發生的劣質奶粉導致大頭娃娃更嚴重, 因為腎結石嬰兒可能因急性腎衰竭而死亡 Ming Pao Daily News MP 1 MP NC4 自從甘肅省發生有嬰兒懷疑因食用河北三鹿嬰兒配方奶粉而患上腎結石後, 全國至少 10 個省區發現類似個案 Ming Pao Daily News MP 1 MP NC5 部分患病嬰兒病情惡化為腎功能不全 Ming Pao Daily News MP 1 MP NC6 甘肅今年已有 59 例嬰兒腎結石個案, 已有 1 名嬰兒死亡, 患者多在 5 至 11 個月大, 全部食用過 三鹿 牌的嬰兒配方奶粉 Ming Pao Daily News MP 1 MP NC7 很多都是雙腎結石, 部分情况嚴重, 已惡化為腎衰竭 Ming Pao Daily News MP 1 MP NC8 事件比早年安徽阜陽發生的 大頭娃娃 奶粉致病事件更加嚴重, 因為它容易導致患兒急性腎功能衰竭, 若搶救不當會致其死亡 Ming Pao Daily News MP 3 MP NC9 當地有一名 9 個月大嬰兒患腎結石, 由於三聚氰胺可導致嬰孩患腎石 Ming Pao Daily News MP 7 MP NC10 內地本月初發生添加三聚氰胺的毒奶粉事件, 迄今已毒死 6 名嬰兒,5 萬多名嬰兒受影響 100

112 Appendix 24 Newspaper Source Item Positive Connotation Source Item Negative Connotation Tai Kung Pao TKP 1 TK NC1 中國衛生部 11 日晚指出, 近期甘肅等地報告多例嬰幼兒泌尿系統結石病例, 調查發現患兒多有食用 三鹿牌 嬰幼兒奶粉的歷史, 經調查, 高度懷疑該品牌奶粉受到三聚氰胺污染 Tai Kung Pao TKP 1 TK NC2 安排對甘肅全省市級以上醫院 2006 至 2008 年間病例進行檢索, 調查數據顯示, 目前全省共上報該病例 59 人, 死亡 1 例, 分布 10 個市州 24 個縣區, 農村患兒居多 Tai Kung Pao TKP 1 TK NC3 結果還在統計核對中, 目前尚不能確定嬰兒腎結石與配方奶粉有直接關係 Tai Kung Pao TKP 2 TK NC4 據甘肅省衛生廳統計, 當地目前共報告病例五十九例, 死亡一例 Tai Kung Pao TKP 2 TK NC5 各地報告因食用嬰幼兒配方奶粉接受門診治療並已基本康復的嬰幼兒 人, 正在住院治療的 人, 其中, 有較重症狀的嬰幼兒 104 人, 並有 4 名嬰幼兒死亡 事件成為新中國建國以來最嚴重的食品安全事故 101

113 Appendix 24 Table 30. Lexical Choices in the narrations of China govenrments' actions or responses Newspaper Source Item Positive Connotation Source Item Negative Connotation Apple Daily AD 2 AD PC2 中國已要求三鹿停止銷售 就地銷毀該批奶粉 AD 2 AD NC10 ( 國家質檢總局 ) 但當局至今有否展開調查, 至今仍是個謎 Apple Daily AD 7 AD PC3 對於外界關注的毒奶粉事件, 他稱事件對嬰兒造成極大的危害, 令他感到痛心, 但強調會從事件中吸取教訓, 會確保食品安全, 決不會犧牲人民的健康和生命換取企業的發展 AD 2 AD NC11 對於國家質監局在今年 6 7 月就收到家長舉報, 商家 8 月也發現問題, 但到 9 月才正式公佈結果 衞生部專家組成員孫東東卻表示處理已算快 Apple Daily AD 6 AD NC12 9 日內有四位省部級高官下台, 顯示內地正颳起新一輪問責風暴 Apple Daily AD 7 AD NC13 不過, 內地官員信口雌黃的言論屢見不鮮, 因三鹿毒奶粉下台的國家質檢總局局長李長江, 去年曾在公開場合上表示, 中國出口食品合格率平均達到 99%, 比美國的平均水平高 Ming Pao Daily News MP 5 MP PC3 國家質檢總局日前亦曾進行檢驗, 挑選了蒙牛 121 批次的樣本作檢驗, 令不同時間出廠的產品都可得到檢查, 結果發現 11 批次樣本出現問題, 但本港卻只是隨意抽取 36 個樣本, 難保下一個批次沒有問題 Ming Pao Daily News MP 6 MP PC4 有關事件體現中國的官員問責制不斷成熟, 日後會成為慣例 Ming Pao Daily News MP 6 MP PC5 中共總書記 國家主席胡錦濤在會上斥責一些幹部 對群眾呼聲和疾苦置若罔聞, 對關係群眾生命安全這樣的重大問題麻木不仁 Ming Pao Daily News MP 7 MP PC6 中國政府高度重視最近發生的嬰幼兒奶粉事件, 並立即採取果斷措施處理, 而且政府在事件中已汲取 3 個教訓 102

114 Appendix 24 Newspaper Source Item Positive Connotation Source Item Negative Connotation Tai Kung Pao TKP 1 TK PC6 近期甘肅省衛生廳已召集流行病學 營養學和臨床專家召開兩次工作研究會, 對嬰兒泌尿結石原因 診斷和流行病學調查方法及有關事項進行研討 Tai Kung Pao TKP 1 TK PC7 疾病防控機構已制定流動方案, 開展流行病學調查 Tai Kung Pao TKP 1 TK PC8 在初步調查結果出來後, 甘肅省衛生廳立即向衛生部做了匯報, 要求開展病理學調查, 盡快查明原因 Tai Kung Pao TKP 2 TK PC9 三鹿毒奶粉事件國家六部委已介入調查, 據悉, 石家莊市政府八月初即得知三鹿奶粉中混入三聚氰胺, 並要求企業收回產品, 但未向社會公告 Tai Kung Pao TKP 2 TK PC10 石家莊市副市長趙新朝說, 石家莊市已對下一步工作措施進行了緊急部署, 將不惜一切代價救治相關患者, 堅決召回遺留在市場上的全部問題奶粉, 把對消費者的損害降低到最低程度 Tai Kung Pao TKP 2 TK PC11 石家莊市委 市政府立即召開緊急會議, 要求立即收回全部可疑產品, 對產品進行全面檢測, 確保新上市產品全部合格, 絕不能再含有三聚氰胺成分, 同時各有關部門展開調查工作, 確定事件性質 103

115 Appendix 24 Table 31. Lexical Choices in the narrations of the public or Parents' Annoyances Newspaper Source Item Positive Connotation Source Item Negative Connotation Apple Daily AD 1 AD NC14 有山東省患病嬰兒家長呼籲受影響家長聯合起來追究事件 Apple Daily AD 2 AD NC15 事件引起內地民眾強烈譴責, 怒斥三鹿在發現奶粉有問題後, 不但沒有及時處理, 竟隱瞞事件逾一個月 Apple Daily AD 2 AD NC16 媒體 網上充斥家長和民眾的譴責聲 Apple Daily AD 2 AD NC17 有受害 BB 家長斥責三鹿隱瞞, 令她的孩子喝了三鹿有毒奶粉 Apple Daily AD 5 AD NC18 梁小姐說, 最近的毒奶粉事件已使她非常驚恐, 減少進食相關的食品 Ming Pao Daily News MP 1 MP PC7 安徽 江西 山東 湖南 河南均有家長報稱食用 三鹿 奶粉的孩子出現疑似症狀 Tai Kung Pao TK 6 TK PC12 民眾普遍認為 : 免檢產品 已成為一些企業的保護傘, 由於這個門檻不高 標準很低的產品免檢制度, 質檢總局放棄了對這些食品企業的監管職責, 導致了三鹿毒奶粉事件的爆發 104

116 版面 / 版頁 : 兩岸要聞 /A29 蘋果日報日期 : Appendix 105 Apple Daily 1 (AD 1) 奶粉受污染九省驚現腎結石 BB 百嬰患病一死 內地 BB 飲用國產三鹿牌奶粉導致腎結石事件已擴展到九個省區, 繼甘肅後, 江蘇 陝西 山東 安徽 湖南 湖北 江西 寧夏等地也陸續出現患腎結石 BB, 患者近百, 其中一人死亡 國家衞生部昨晚公告, 經調查, 高度懷疑三鹿牌嬰幼兒配方奶粉受到三聚氰胺污染所致, 並指三聚氰胺可導致人體泌尿系統產生結石 三鹿昨晚亦隨即宣佈, 全面回收今年 8 月 6 日以前生產, 約 700 噸的奶粉 而衞生部亦就事件向世衞通報 甘肅省蘭州解放軍第一醫院泌尿科在本月率先揭發, 當地有 14 名嬰兒喝同一牌子奶粉患腎結石, 當中大部份雙腎多發性結石, 及尿道結石事件 甘肅省衞生廳昨日召開記者會稱, 早在 7 月 16 日, 當局就受到有關醫院的報告, 並對部份 BB 患泌尿系統結石病展開調查 在初步調查之後, 當局隨即向衞生部做了滙報 全省在今年共有 59 個病例, 並且有 1 人死亡 患病者以農村患兒為多 腎結石直徑達 1.4 厘米 自嬰兒因飲用劣質奶粉患腎結石事件曝光後, 江蘇南京也發現自今年 3 月以來, 至少 20 名嬰兒患上腎結石, 當中 5 人仍然留醫, 他們都是長期喝三鹿牌奶粉 我的孩子 1 歲了, 也是一出生就吃這個奶粉 女兒正在南京市兒童醫院留醫的楊女士稱, 她女兒最大一個腎結石直徑達 1.4 厘米, 而且尿道裏也有結石, 情況比較糟糕 另一名家長稱, 她兒子六個半月大, 在四個月前開始, 發現他尿中有芝麻粒狀的粉末出現, 由於小孩沒甚麼痛苦, 不以為意 與此同時, 江西省兒童醫院也證實目前已發現七名患腎結石嬰兒, 都是喝了三鹿奶粉 醫生指出, 嬰兒患腎結石的臨床表現為無法排尿 會出現疼痛 啼哭等徵狀, 呼籲家長留意子女, 及時醫治 有山東省患病嬰兒家長呼籲受影響家長聯合起來追究事件 : 我的寶寶長期喝奶粉, 得了腎結石我很痛心, 希望有這種情況的父母跟我聯繫, 共同探討 內地家長來港買奶粉 據南京古樓醫院泌尿科醫生孫西釗教授稱, 今年 3 月以來, 他對南京兒童醫院其中 10 名嬰兒結石樣本進行檢驗, 發現是一種極罕見的結石, 在中國從未發現過 他懷疑是食用了配方不當的奶粉有關 孫指, 今次事件比安徽阜陽發生的劣質奶粉導致大頭娃娃更嚴重, 因為腎結石嬰兒可能因急性腎衰竭而死亡 南京古樓醫院泌尿科的燕翔博士表示, 引起腎結石的原因有許多, 有的是先天缺陷, 也可能與飲水有關 此外, 長期攝取大量的鈣, 亦容易造成腎結石 患者最好多喝水, 每天三公升以上, 並適度運動, 有助於排出結石 由於國貨奶粉屢出問題, 有 105

117 許多內地家長, 長期信賴進口奶粉, 或到香港購買大量奶粉 而國產奶粉價格較進口產品便宜一半 本報記者 近日揭發腎結石 BB 事件簿 9/9 甘肅 蘭州晨報 披露,6 月 28 日至 9 月 9 日, 當地解放軍第一醫院泌尿科先後收治 14 名腎結石 BB, 因母乳不足都食用同一品牌奶粉 10/9 河北三鹿集團稱已派人到甘肅調查, 稱當地質檢部門對該集團奶粉檢驗顯示, 沒有質量問題 11/9 南京 揚子晚報 披露, 今年 3 月開始南京兒童醫院先後收治 10 例尿路結石 BB, 曾吃過同一品牌奶粉, 而結石成份中國罕見 ; 陝西 華商報 南京 現代快報 上海 東方早報 和廣東 南方都市報 等都披露, 陝西 甘肅 寧夏 湖南 湖北 山東 安徽 江西 江蘇等地相繼發現腎結石 BB, 都吃過三鹿奶粉, 其中甘肅有 7 名 BB 父母聯署上書甘肅省衞生廳, 要求徹查 11/9 中午甘肅省衞生廳宣佈, 檢索統計, 今年共發生腎結石 BB59 例, 其中 1 人死亡 11/9 晚上國家衞生部宣佈, 經調查, 高度懷疑三鹿牌嬰幼兒配方奶粉受三聚氰胺污染 11/9 晚上三鹿集團宣佈回收今年 8 月 6 日前生產的嬰兒奶粉資料來源 : 新華社 / 中新社 話你知 : 三聚氰胺屬化工原料 三聚氰胺 (Melamine Cyanurate), 是一種有機化合物, 是化工原料, 主要用於製造日用器皿 裝飾貼面板 織物整理劑, 及用於裝飾板 氨基塑膠 黏合劑 塗料, 紙張增強劑 紡織助劑 高效水泥減水劑 皮革複柔劑等方面 今年 5 月, 美國當局發現某些貓狗食品及豬 雞和魚的飼料, 受三聚氰胺及其有關化合物污染 飼料中含三聚氰胺時, 可以在初步分析時, 令蛋白質含量看起來高於實際含量 美國農業部和美國食物及藥物管理局已就此進行風險評估 有關評估結論是, 就算在最差情況下, 一名成年人每天需要進食超過 300 公斤受污染豬肉, 才會達到可能影響健康的水準 106

118 版面 / 版頁 : 兩岸要聞 /A27 蘋果日報日期 : Appendix 26 Apple Daily 2 (AD 2) 三鹿隱瞞毒奶粉逾月狡辯不法奶農是真兇 可恥 內地腎結石 BB 的人數正不斷增加, 廣東 北京等省市亦遭波及! 三鹿集團繼前晚宣佈回收市面 700 多噸受污染奶粉後, 昨日遭媒體踢爆, 集團早在今年 3 月就收到有關消費者投訴, 並在 8 月 1 日證實有不法奶農在鮮牛奶中摻入三聚氰胺, 集團更辯稱 不法奶農才是這次事件的真兇! 事件引起內地民眾強烈譴責, 怒斥三鹿在發現奶粉有問題後, 不但沒有及時處理, 竟隱瞞事件逾一個月, 而事件遭揭發後仍處處狡辯, 令超過 230 個 BB 受害, 行為可恥! 國家衛生部昨晚發表聲明 : 受污染奶粉致嬰幼兒泌尿系統結石事實初步認定 當局亦要求全國各地滙報腎結石 BB 的數字, 並將資料向世衞組織通報 ; 國家質檢總局亦已派出調查組赴河北石家莊三鹿集團調查事故原因 三鹿稱, 截至 9 月 10 日, 集團已封存問題奶粉 2,176 噸, 收回奶粉 8,210 噸, 大約還有 700 噸奶粉正在通過各種方式收回 美禁售部份中國奶粉 美國食品和藥品管理局 (FDA) 昨開始禁止部份中國奶粉在美國銷售, 有 FDA 官員更建議, 消費者如果看見有來自中國的嬰兒奶粉, 不要購買, 不要食用 而國務院台灣事務辦公室昨日亦接獲質檢總局的通知稱,6 月間三鹿透過模里西斯商與三鹿的外資股東新西蘭恒天然台灣分公司, 向台出口 25 噸的三鹿奶粉, 規格為 25 公斤包裝, 中國已要求三鹿停止銷售 就地銷毀該批奶粉 香港則沒有出售三鹿奶粉 而廣東 南方都市報 取得三鹿集團的一份資料顯示, 該集團早在今年 3 月, 接到消費者的投訴, 指飲用該品牌的奶粉後 孩子尿液發紅, 有結晶現象, 三鹿於是派人了解情況, 並將相關奶粉分別送交地方和國家有關部門檢測, 但結果顯示產品符合國家標準 ; 到 6 月中旬後,( 腎結石 BB) 病例增多, 部份患者住院治療, 三鹿遂向有關專家諮詢發病的原因, 並通過對產品大量深入檢測排查, 並在 8 月 1 日得出結論, 是不法奶農向鮮牛奶中摻入三聚氰胺造成嬰兒患腎結石 三鹿強調, 不法奶農才是這次事件的真兇, 並稱集團在得悉調查結果後, 已立即上報, 但三鹿並沒有解釋何以事後沒有對外公開事件? 而甘肅出現多名腎石 BB 後, 集團何以處處狡辯, 與自家奶粉無關? 有報道亦指, 國家質檢總局網站早在今年 6 月, 就有消費者投訴嬰兒飲用三鹿奶粉後患腎結石, 但當局至今有否展開調查, 至今仍是個謎 石家莊政府稱, 問題奶粉是由於有不法分子在原奶收購過程中添加了三聚氰胺所致, 警方已經傳喚了 78 名嫌疑人員 107

119 北京上海廣東現腎結石 BB 對於國家質監局在今年 6 7 月就收到家長舉報, 商家 8 月也發現問題, 但到 9 月才正式公佈結果 衞生部專家組成員孫東東卻表示處理已算快 他又指出, 內地以前對奶類的檢測標準, 沒有涉及到三聚氰胺, 因此不排除其他國產奶粉的奶源也有問題 據悉, 在鮮牛奶中加添三聚氰胺, 可提高奶中蛋白質, 使原奶在摻入清水後, 仍然符合收購標準, 所以被不法分子以此獲利 腎結石 BB 事件正在全國蔓延, 河南 北京和廣東等地亦受波及, 但三鹿管理層至今未對外公開交代事件, 引起社會極大的反響, 媒體 網上充斥家長和民眾的譴責聲 我的孩子在 8 月 8 日出生, 三鹿的產品 (8 月 1 日 ) 已經發現問題了, 但是當時貨架上還有賣 有受害 BB 家長斥責三鹿隱瞞, 令她的孩子喝了三鹿有毒奶粉, 孩子之前睡的很好, 但是最近尿尿的時候經常哭鬧 她哭訴說 全國各地的工商局昨日要求全面停售相關奶粉, 部份超市更允許消費者憑票退貨 三聚氰胺是重要的有機化工中間產品, 主要用來製作三聚氰胺樹脂 動物長期攝入會造成生殖 泌尿系統的損害以及膀胱 腎部結石, 並可進一步誘發膀胱癌 新華網 / 中新網 點滴央視報道權威受質疑 三鹿今天出事, 央視面子往那擱? 每周質量報告 還權威嗎?9 月 2 日, 央視 每周質量報告 播出 中國制造 首集 1100 道檢測關的背後 央視對三鹿奶粉的生產過程進行了調查, 展示了中國嬰幼兒奶粉標桿企業 三鹿過硬的產品質量和科學 嚴謹的過程管理 網頁變三聚氰胺集團 三鹿 問題奶粉 事件成為全國大新聞, 三鹿集團也成為世人關注的焦點 昨日中午, 三鹿集團的官方網站一度遭黑客攻擊, 網站首頁上方瀏覽器標誌被改為 三聚氰胺集團 三聚氰胺即這次事件的元凶, 出事的三鹿奶粉被指加入這種化工原料, 導致 BB 食用後腎結石 奶粉廣告女星被批評 內地女演員鄧婕昨被網友揭發曾為三鹿慧幼嬰幼兒奶粉拍攝廣告後, 受到強烈批評 她在廣告中不斷重複說 : 專業生產, 品質保證, 名牌產品, 讓人放心, 還實惠, 三鹿慧幼嬰幼兒奶粉, 我信賴! 一名浙江網友遂諷刺她說 : 甚麼叫 放心, 放心 嬰兒吃出腎結石? 108

120 版面 / 版頁 : 兩岸要聞 /A18 蘋果日報日期 : Appendix 27 Apple Daily 3 (AD 3) 毒奶粉製品流入港台 河北三鹿毒奶粉產品禍及香港 台灣! 本港部份食物零售店, 包括位於九龍城的 裕記 也被捲入事件, 店員稱在一兩個月前出售三鹿奶粉製品, 相信其他分店亦有售賣, 暫時未收到指示要回收 香港食物安全中心表示正跟進事件 食物及衞生局長周一嶽稱, 日內會約見國家質檢總局官員了解事件, 政府也正抽驗其他奶類製品, 看是否含有污染物 據了解, 本港並沒入口三鹿問題奶粉, 但被指使用三鹿奶粉製造的台灣尚効牌牛奶木瓜及三合一咖啡, 在本港部份食物零售店卻有出售 其中九龍城的裕記就有 20 多罐售賣 裕記承認售賣製成品 裕記店員稱, 一兩個月前開始出售這種產品, 且有一定銷路, 相信其他分店亦有售賣, 暫時未收到指示要回收 食物安全中心回應指正在跟進事件, 稱過去數日巡查本港藥房及超市, 未發現問題產品或其他內地奶粉出售, 中心已抽取三款內地製造的國際牌子奶粉檢測, 未發現含三聚氰胺, 亦已抽驗內地生產以牛奶製造的產品樣本, 包括鮮奶 雪糕 雪條及酸乳酪作化驗 正在北京休假的食物及衞生局局長周一嶽昨表示, 日內會約見國家質檢總局官員了解事件 他說, 港府日前已接獲內地部門知會, 指問題奶粉用於內銷, 但港府有關部門正抽驗其他來源的奶類製品, 看是否含有污染物 他稱, 由於三聚氰胺並非用於食品, 因此不列入恒常檢驗機制 台加強清查毒奶粉流向 在台灣, 繼前日當局回收 6,000 多箱涉以三鹿奶粉製造的木瓜牛奶後, 行政院昨日又緊急開會研究應對措施 行政院長劉兆玄要求繼續清查問題奶粉流向, 並立即查扣確認銷毀, 今後凡從大陸進口的乳製品要嚴格把關, 逐批審核 他希望大陸方面能提供毒奶粉對人體造成危害的檢測資料, 並指示不只三鹿牌奶粉, 所有三鹿牌產品自即日起要全部禁止進口 台北市衞生局追查桃園縣業界進口大陸 三鹿奶粉 流向時, 發現有 14 包供給台北市 14 家糕餅業者或餐廳, 每店各進了 1 包 25 公斤裝全脂三鹿奶粉, 其中 11 家 11 包已被使用完 當局指, 疑摻三聚氰胺的三鹿奶粉在台灣僅被用作食品加工原料, 濃度只佔成品 2% 至 3%, 不會對健康即時造成危害, 市民若有顧慮可多喝水減少風險 台灣衞生署透露, 由春喬食品興業公司生產, 疑使用了三鹿問題奶粉的尚効藍山炭燒咖啡, 有 665 箱銷往香港 而大陸輸入台灣的三鹿奶粉共 25 噸, 全部流向均已掌握 除庫存 393 包和 2 包展售樣品外, 其餘大部份製成含乳食品, 其中不乏知名店家的糕餅 此外, 金門旅遊業者指, 三鹿奶粉事件曝光後, 到金門旅遊的大陸遊客經常成箱購買嬰兒奶粉 陸客認為台灣賣的 109

121 奶粉品質好, 價格比大陸還要便宜, 奶粉甚至成為另類手信 本報記者 / 台灣 蘋果日報 / 中央社 三鹿奶粉事件簿 3 月南京出現首宗腎結石嬰兒病例 ; 但三鹿稱送檢未發現問題 6 月國家質檢總局網站接到毒奶粉投訴, 但未跟進 6 月 28 日甘肅出現省內首宗患膽腎結石嬰兒, 隨後廣東等陸續證實有嬰兒受害, 長沙 南京 北京等地的家長投訴三鹿奶粉 8 月 1 日三鹿稱查明有不法奶農摻入三聚氰胺, 並報告衞生部門, 但沒對外公佈 9 月 11 日甘肅公佈 59 名嬰兒患病 1 人死亡 ; 三鹿承認 700 噸奶粉受污染 9 月 12 日石家莊警方傳喚 78 名懷疑毒奶粉涉案人, 至今拘捕 19 人資料來源 : 網易 110

122 版面 / 版頁 : 頭條 /A02 蘋果日報日期 : Appendix 28 Apple Daily 4 (AD 4) 伊利毒雪條襲港驗出含三聚氰胺超市即停售 本報訊 內地奶類製品含有可引致腎結石的三聚氰胺事件波及本港, 內地三大著名乳品生產商之一伊利, 被食物環境衞生署驗出其中一款酸奶味雪條含有三聚氰胺, 本港多間超級市場相繼停售伊利的雪糕雪條 惠康超級市場昨午約 4 時主動向傳媒發出聲明, 指接獲食環署的通知, 發現 伊利牧場大果粒酸奶味雪條 (90 毫升 ) 的一個樣本含有三聚氰胺, 故即時停售伊利牌所有雪條及雪糕產品 顧客可由今日起, 攜同產品到任何一間惠康退款, 不需收據 疑生產過程中受污染 惠康發言人表示, 昨早接獲食環署通知後作出回收決定, 全線 250 間分店中,200 間有出售伊利雪糕雪條, 但未提供銷量, 相信退貨的顧客不多 食環署在惠康發表聲明後約兩小時, 即晚上約 6 時半, 才發出新聞稿, 表示在周末及假期期間, 於市面抽取 22 款產品的 27 個樣本, 包括三款台灣罐裝飲品的 11 個樣本 16 個內地生產的鮮奶 雪糕 雪條及酸乳酪樣本作檢測, 發現伊利牧場大果粒酸奶味雪條, 含有百萬分之 15 的三聚氰胺 該署指, 在一般情況下, 有關含量不會對健康構成重大影響, 但幼兒不宜食用 因雪條中的三聚氰胺含量輕微, 有機會是生產過程中受處理的器皿污染, 入口商會回收該產品 百佳超級市場發言人表示, 昨接獲食環署通知後, 下午決定將所有伊利雪糕及雪條產品下架, 客人可憑單據退款 該公司會聯絡供應商了解事件 但本報記者昨傍晚 6 時許, 仍在港島炮台山百佳分店發現仍如常擺放伊利雪條雪糕出售 吉之島超級市場會全面停售伊利牛奶 雪糕及雪條產品 裕記亦停售伊利雪糕雪條 立法會議員李華明表示, 食環署應盡快公佈化驗結果, 相信署方是要顧及法律問題, 故需時公佈 根據伊利網頁顯示, 伊利雪糕雪條過去 13 年內地銷量佔市場第一位, 亦是今屆北京奧運會唯一的乳製品供應商 食環署化驗 22 款產品結果 含三聚氰胺樣本 : 伊利牧場大果粒酸奶味雪條 ( 淨體積 : 90 毫升 ) 不含三聚氰胺樣本 : 克寧即溶奶粉 ( 淨重 :1.8 千克 ) 三花高鈣脫脂奶粉 ( 淨重 :1600 克 ) 雀巢兒童奶粉 3 歲以上 ( 淨重 :900 克 ) 雀巢牛奶公司純牛奶 ( 淨容量 : 1 升 ) 蒙牛純牛奶 ( 淨體積 :250 毫升 ) 蒙牛早餐奶核桃奶類飲品 ( 淨體積 : 250 毫升 ) 蒙牛酸酸乳酸味奶類飲品 ( 芒果味 )( 淨體積 : 250 毫升 ) 蒙牛特侖蘇純牛奶 ( 淨體積 :250 毫升 ) 伊利高鈣低脂奶類飲品 ( 淨體積 : 250 毫升 ) 子母純牛奶 ( 淨容量 : 1 公升 ) 維他純鮮牛奶 ( 淨容量 : 236 毫升 ) 雀巢雲呢拿味雪糕甜筒 (8 支盒裝 ) 雀巢朱古力味雪糕甜筒 (8 支盒裝 ) 明治紅豆綠茶雪條 (6 支盒裝 ) 明治北海道紅豆雪糕 (6 支盒裝 ) 十字牌鮮乳酪低脂飲品 ( 淨容量 : 200 毫升 ) 戀愛果實士多啤梨雪巴 111

123 ( 淨重 : 54 克 ) 伊利牧場香濃布丁雪條 ( 淨體積 : 85 毫升 ) 牛奶木瓜口味飲料 尚効 阿薩姆奶茶 尚効 藍山炭燒咖啡 尚効資料來源 : 食物環境衞生署 112

124 版面 / 版頁 : 港聞 /A08 蘋果日報日期 : Appendix 29 Apple Daily 5 (AD 5) 三聚氰胺陰影擴散日清美味寶喳咋須回收 本報訊 毒奶陰影擴展至本港包裝食品及食肆, 日清食品宣佈, 日清美味寶喳咋糖水採用了被驗出含三聚氰胺的伊利 1 公升裝純牛奶做原材料, 須全面回收 ; 炸雞連鎖店 KFC 也曾採用蒙牛牛奶來冲調咖啡奶茶, 現時已經停用 飲食業估計, 本港約有一成半食品生產商及食肆有使用內地奶製品 KFC 已停用蒙牛牛奶 日清食品昨宣佈, 日清美味寶喳咋糖水中有微量全脂奶是由內地伊利實業集團股份有限公司製造, 即日起自願性全線回收及停售 顧客可將該產品交回惠康 百佳或華潤萬家超級市場退款, 就算沒有收據, 只要產品未過期及未拆除包裝均可退款 日清食品發言人表示, 已將該糖水樣本送到化驗所檢驗是否含三聚氰胺, 下周有結果 至於旗下其他食品, 全部沒有使用伊利的產品 英國 電訊報 報道, 咖啡連鎖店 STARBUCKS 及炸雞連鎖店 KFC 的北京分店承認有採用蒙牛供應的奶類產品 本港 KFC 發言人表示, 曾採用蒙牛牌 UHT 牛奶冲咖啡及奶茶, 但發生內地毒奶粉事件後, 已即時停用 本港 STARBUCKS 表示, 並無採用蒙牛牛奶產品 本港其他大型食肆, 包括美心西餅 美心快餐店 大家樂快餐店均表示沒有採用蒙牛及伊利的產品 餐飲聯業協會會長黃家和表示, 本港不少食品生產商及食肆都採用奶製品, 估計當中 10% 至 15% 用內地奶製品, 大部份都採用歐洲 澳洲及美國產品 協會已呼籲會員若對奶製品有懷疑, 向供應商查證, 或交化驗所檢驗, 如不能確定是否安全, 應暫時停用 巿民投訴百佳拒退款 不少巿民人人自危 梁小姐說, 最近的毒奶粉事件已使她非常驚恐, 減少進食相關的食品 另外, 讀者霍先生投訴前日攜蒙牛牛奶及單據, 到天水圍嘉湖山莊百佳超級市場退款, 但遭店員拒絕, 他質疑百佳違背回收承諾 百佳發言人表示會了解事件 澳門政府過去兩年推行牛奶計劃, 每日免費向 48 間幼兒園及學校的學生供應牛奶, 所提供的正是驗出含三聚氰胺的伊利牌 1 公升裝高鈣低脂牛奶 澳門已暫停計劃, 並安排兩萬名學童驗身, 以釋家長憂慮 113

125 版面 / 版頁 : 兩岸要聞 /A23 蘋果日報日期 : Appendix 30 Apple Daily 6 (AD 6) 內地掀問責風暴 9 日 4 高官丟職 國家質檢總局局長李長江昨日因毒奶品事件引咎辭職, 河北省委常委 石家莊市委書記吳顯國被革職, 加上山西襄汾礦難令山西省長孟學農在本月 14 日辭職 副省長張建民被革職,9 日內有四位省部級高官下台, 顯示內地正颳起新一輪問責風暴 官民衝突也被追究 國務院在 2001 年制訂的 關於特大安全事故行政責任追究的規定, 主要針對特大火災 交通 建築質量 爆炸品安全事故和礦難, 但近期的行政責任追究已延伸至官民衝突 食物安全等事件 山西襄汾鐵礦尾礦庫潰壩造成 262 人死亡, 令孟學農 張建民去職, 是典型礦難問責 而由三鹿含三聚氰胺奶粉引爆的毒奶品事件, 現已將石家莊市和國家質檢總局高官拉下馬, 但河北省長胡春華 省委書記張雲川並未被波及 在近期的官員問責事件中, 較特別的包括陝西華南虎照片事件和貴州瓮安少女懷疑被姦殺事件 陝西農民周正龍去年公佈拍到野生華南虎照片後, 一直受到質疑, 但受到當地官員庇護, 至今年 6 月, 陝西省政府才證實事件造假, 省林業廳副廳長朱巨龍 孫承騫被革職, 林業廳廳長張社年受行政警告處分 今年 6 月, 貴州省瓮安縣部份民眾因一名女學生懷疑被姦殺而圍堵 衝擊縣政府和縣公安局, 貴州省委指當地官員負有不可推卸的責任, 將瓮安縣委書記王勤 縣長王海平革職 本報記者 今年內地官員問責事件 22/09: 國家質檢總局局長李長江因毒奶粉事件引咎辭職 ; 中共石家莊市委書記吳顯國被革職 21/09: 深圳龍崗舞王俱樂部發生火災, 造成 43 人死 88 人傷, 龍崗區副區長黃海廣等被革職 18/09: 河北三鹿毒奶粉事件爆發後, 石家莊市長冀純堂 副市長張發旺等被革職 14/09: 山西省襄汾新塔公司尾礦庫潰壩, 造成 262 人死亡 山西省長孟學農辭職, 副省長張建民被革職 29/06: 貴州省瓮安民眾因一名女學生懷疑被姦殺, 衝擊縣政府和縣公安局 瓮安縣委書記王勤 縣長王海平被革職資料來源 : 蘋果 資料室 114

126 版面 / 版頁 : 兩岸要聞 /A28 蘋果日報日期 : Appendix 31 Apple Daily 7 (AD 7) 被問毒奶粉臉色變沉溫家寶 : 我十分痛心 中國毒奶粉事件震驚全球, 國務院總理溫家寶出席美國紐約一個午餐會發表演講期間, 接到的首個提問就觸及毒奶粉等食品安全問題, 頓時令他臉色一沉 溫神色凝重地說 : 作為政府負責人, 我感到十分痛心 他並慨嘆自己六年的總理生涯多災多難, 但他會把餘生獻給國家和人民, 希望自己離世後大家仍記得他 赴美出席聯合國大會的溫家寶, 在紐約時間周二上午抵達當地, 並在美國友好團體的歡迎午宴上發表演講 對於外界關注的毒奶粉事件, 他稱事件對嬰兒造成極大的危害, 令他感到痛心, 但強調會從事件中吸取教訓, 會確保食品安全, 決不會犧牲人民的健康和生命換取企業的發展 中方願意在食品安全上, 加強與美方合作 餘生獻給國家人民 溫家寶又談到, 他六年的總理生涯, 可說是多災多難, 從 2003 年爆發非典型肺炎 SARS, 到今年的雪災 地震 礦難及食物安全, 都給予他深刻的啓示, 但 一個民族在災難中失去的, 總會有進步來補償 其間, 溫家寶引用古羅馬帝王哲學家馬可. 奧勒留 (Marcus Aurelius) 所著 沉思錄 的內容說, 請看看那些所謂的偉大人物他們現在都到那去了, 都煙消雲散了 他又引唐代詩人李商隱詩句 春蠶到死絲方盡, 蠟炬成灰淚始乾 來表明心志 我今年已經 67 歲, 我今後將把我最後的精力獻給國家和人民 溫家寶希望為後人留下兩個精神遺產 : 當遇到災難, 不要退縮, 勇於面對, 帶領人民克服困難 政府一切權力屬於人民, 為了人民 而溫在紐約逗留兩天, 將出席聯合國大會, 並會見美國前國務卿基辛格等人 質檢總局派定心丸 溫家寶就中國食品問題在美國大派定心丸的同時, 身在北京的國家質檢總局總檢驗師項玉章亦力撐 : 目前中國市場, 包括生產的企業, 奶製品都沒有含三聚氰胺 項稱, 本月 14 日前的奶製品已全面回收及檢驗, 有問題的已一律銷毀 ; 從當天起出產的奶製品肯定沒有三聚氰胺 政府亦已從原料到生產過程全方位監察奶製品 不過, 內地官員信口雌黃的言論屢見不鮮, 因三鹿毒奶粉下台的國家質檢總局局長李長江, 去年曾在公開場合上表示, 中國出口食品合格率平均達到 99%, 比美國的平均水平高 然而, 近期發生的毒奶粉事件, 對世界各地的禍害, 已導致全球逾 10 個國家或地區封殺中國的奶製品 中新社 / 新華社 溫總任內災難多 2003 年 SARS 2008 年 10 省市雪災 2008 年四川大地震 2008 年山西礦難 115

127 版面 / 版頁 : 要聞 /A01 蘋果日報日期 : Appendix 32 Apple Daily 8 (AD 8) 樂天小熊餅劇毒 本報訊 賣相趣致的樂天小熊餅證實含有可致腎結石的三聚氰胺 澳門當局昨晚公佈, 在一款香港代理的 50 克裝樂天小熊餅, 驗出含高濃度的三聚氰胺, 幼童日吃五盒即超標 ; 一款巢雀金裝助長奶粉 (1+) 也被驗出含有微量三聚氰胺, 雀巢卻仍叫家長安心讓寶寶吃這款奶粉 澳門衞生局與經濟局昨晚公佈第五批從市場上抽驗的奶類產品檢測結果, 再發現三個樣本含有三聚氰胺 其中由樂天中國食品製造的 50 克小盒裝樂天小熊餅 ( 朱古力夾心 )( 食用限期至 2010 年 1 月 9 日 ), 發現三聚氰胺含量高達每公斤 24 毫克, 超出本港法例上限 8.6 倍, 食安中心表示會跟進事件 該產品總代理是香港益生貿易公司, 公司電話昨晚未有人接聽 本港百佳超級市場發言人昨晚表示, 已決定將該款有問題及所有內地製樂天小熊餅 落架 ; 不過本報昨晚在部份百佳超市, 仍發現有售上述樂天小熊餅 惠康發言人表示已即時收起有關產品 小童日吃五包已超標 美國食物及藥物管理局訂明每公斤體重的三聚氰胺攝取上限為 0.63 毫克 以 9 公斤重的兩歲童為例, 每日吃 250 克, 即五包上述樂天熊餅已超標 本報早前委託本港檢測中心進行的檢測發現, 巢雀黑龍江廠房生產的 900 克裝金裝助長奶粉 (1+), 三聚氰胺含量為每公斤 0.6 毫克, 食用日期至 2010 年 2 月 20 日 澳門昨晚也公佈, 在一批食用日期至 2010 年 4 月 9 日的同一產地的同一產品中, 驗出三聚氰胺少於每公斤 1 毫克 本港食安中心昨晚再公佈 105 個檢測樣本, 發現食用限期至 2010 年 5 月 28 日 7 月 2 日及 7 月 18 日的三個雀巢金裝助長奶粉 (1+) 樣本 合格 但必須注意, 若只含小量三聚氰胺而未有超標 ( 奶品每公斤 1 毫克 非奶品類食物每公斤 2.5 毫克 ), 食安中心一律當合格, 換言之, 這不代表完全不含三聚氰胺 港府在本周一緊急立法, 規定每公斤奶類製品不能含有超過 1 毫克的三聚氰胺, 雀巢發言人昨晚以此作理據, 堅稱產品的三聚氰胺水平低於法例上限, 認為可安全食用 此外, 澳門當局在一款蒙牛早餐奶麥香奶類飲品中 ( 食用限期至 2008 年 12 月 8 日 ), 驗出三聚氰胺超出香港法例上限, 水平達每公斤 2.35 毫克 116

128 版面 / 版頁 : 要聞 /A06 蘋果日報日期 : Appendix 33 Apple Daily 9 (AD 9) 吉百利突回收全屬北京製造拒說是否含三聚氰胺 本報訊 繼 M&M'S 及 OREO 產品被印尼驗出三聚氰胺含量超標後, 吉百利昨宣佈回收所有北京製造的朱古力產品, 但不肯透露實際原因 該公司有消息承認有關產品被驗出含三聚氰胺 本港食物安全中心只宣佈配合回收工作, 未能掌握有關產品是否含三聚氰胺 有立會議員直斥吉百利及食安中心 離晒譜, 呼籲消費者杯葛吉百利產品 記者 : 白琳陳沛冰王智君 吉百利昨透過位於新加坡的亞太區分部發表聲明稱, 內地有產品檢驗結果令該公司對其產品成份的可靠性 產生疑問 該公司決定採取預防措施, 回收 11 款北京工廠生產的朱古力產品 聲明沒有表明是否發現產品含三聚氰胺 外電昨晚引述一名不肯透露姓名的吉百利發言人稱, 初步發現有相關產品含三聚氰胺, 但未知實際含量 再有利誠干吃奶片超標 據悉, 北京有機構驗出當地出產的部份吉百利產品含小量三聚氰胺, 但食安中心目前仍未能掌握有關資料, 預計該中心緊急化驗的吉百利樣本今早將有結果 本港食安中心回應稱, 正要求該公司提交有關資料 該中心昨發現兩種批次的利誠干吃奶片的三聚氰胺分別達 4.7ppm 及 8.3ppm, 超標約一至兩倍 立法會議員李華明批評吉百利剝奪消費者知情權, 大企業應該有透明度, 唔公開資料咁唔負責任, 對消費者好唔公平 消費者惟有自保, 杯葛佢啲產品 他又批評食安中心反應過慢及監管不力, 促請該中心全面抽查所有含奶類成份的產品, 印尼嘅化驗結果嚇死人, 吉百利有事收埋唔出聲, 政府都唔理, 成日見步行步, 做到抽晒筋 中文大學生化系副教授陳竟明批評, 港府緊急立法規管三聚氰胺含量的法定上限後, 並沒有相應增加化驗規模, 立咗例, 又驗唔足, 好多有事產品上咗架都 check 唔切 他促請港府擴大化驗範圍及增加每款產品的抽驗樣本數目, 並公開本港及內地腎石童的研究數據 澳門昨又公佈問題產品 對於印尼前日公佈的化驗數據,M&M'S 製造商 Mars 的本港發言人黃凱雯承認, 印尼與本港同類產品屬同一生產線, 但極度質疑當地化驗結果 她解釋, 其產品的奶成份只佔 11%, 印尼驗出的三聚氰胺含量卻逾 800ppm, 結果 極不尋常 該產品又經內地 本港等地證實安全食用, 有乜理由同一條生產線, 結果會咁唔一樣? OREO 所屬的卡夫食品強調, 有關食品雖由內地製造, 但奶類原材料 117

129 非來自中國, 正向印尼當局了解測試方法 OREO 產品已獲馬來西亞及泰國等地證實安全食用 此外, 繼本報驗出蒙牛高鈣低脂奶含三聚氰胺後, 澳門衞生局昨驗出蒙牛純牛奶 250 毫升含 6.66ppm 三聚氰胺 ; 大白兔奶糖 伯朗咖啡曼特寧風味即冲咖啡及雀巢金裝助長奶粉 (1+) 分別含 及少於 1ppm 吉百利回收的產品 至醇黑朱古力 40 克怡口蓮 180 克純黑朱古力珍珠 45 克及 80 克牛奶朱古力 150 克 Halloween Pumpkin 牛奶朱古力大量裝 5 公斤純黑朱古力大量裝 5 公斤香脆榛仁牛奶朱古力大量裝 5 公斤香酥曲奇牛奶朱古力大量裝 5 公斤榛子朱古力禮盒 312 克 (2008 新年禮盒 ) 牛奶朱古力禮盒 300 克 (2008 新年禮盒 ) 資料來源 : 吉百利 本港市面朱古力產品來源地 -Snickers- 產品 :Snickers Bar 59g 製造地 : 中國奶類原材料來源 : 新西蘭及中國產品 :Snickers 5 SnacksizeBars 175g 製造地 : 中國奶類原材料來源 : 新西蘭及中國產品 :Snickers Funsize 240g 製造地 : 中國奶類原材料來源 : 新西蘭及中國產品 :Snickers Almond 50g 製造地 : 美國奶類原材料來源 : 新西蘭產品 :Snickers Dark 58g 製造地 : 美國奶類原材料來源 : 新西蘭產品 :Snickers Miniatures 8oz 製造地 : 美國奶類原材料來源 : 新西蘭 -M&M'S- 產品 :Milk & Peanut 40g 100g 及 200g 製造地 : 中國奶類原材料來源 : 新西蘭及中國產品 :Milk& Peanut Funsize 202.5g 製造地 : 中國奶類原材料來源 : 新西蘭及中國產品 :Milk & Peanut TrianglePack 13.5g 製造地 : 中國奶類原材料來源 : 新西蘭及中國產品 :Minis Tube 30.6g 製造地 : 中國奶類原材料來源 : 新西蘭及中國產品 :Minis Triangle Pack 4.5g 製造地 : 中國奶類原材料來源 : 新西蘭及中國產品 :Almond 37.1g 製造地 : 美國奶類原材料來源 : 新西蘭產品 :Dark 47.9g 製造地 : 美國奶類原材料來源 : 新西蘭產品 :Dark Peanut42.5g 製造地 : 美國奶類原材料來源 : 新西蘭產品 :Mini Pop'N share 55g 製造地 : 美國奶類原材料來源 : 新西蘭產品 :Crispy 34g 製造地 : 澳洲奶類原材料來源 : 新西蘭及澳洲產品 :Crispy Mint 34g 製造地 : 澳洲奶類原材料來源 : 新西蘭及澳洲 - 金莎 Kinder Moncheri Raffaello Nutella- 產品 : 所有產品製造地 : 歐洲奶類原材料來源 : 歐洲資料來源 :Mars 及費列羅亞洲有限公司 市民談朱古力 118

130 版面 / 版頁 : 中國 /A32 明報日期 : Appendix 34 Ming Pao Daily News 1 (MP 1) 10 省驚現腎石嬰兒奶粉受三聚氰胺污染三鹿回收 700 噸產品 明報專訊 自從甘肅省發生有嬰兒懷疑因食用河北三鹿嬰兒配方奶粉而患上腎結石後, 全國至少 10 個省區發現類似個案 發現 59 宗個案的甘肅省衛生廳昨日稱, 部分患病嬰兒病情惡化為腎功能不全, 並指所有病嬰均食用過有關品牌的奶粉 三鹿集團昨日稱, 發現部分產品受可致結石的化學品 三聚氰胺 污染, 決定立即收回今年 8 月 6 日以前生產的全部嬰幼兒奶粉, 市場上約有 700 噸 全國的患兒總數還在統計中, 國家質檢總局已進行檢驗 河北三鹿相關負責人早前還稱自己產品合格, 不可單一認為腎結石由奶粉造成, 至昨晚改口稱發現部分嬰幼兒奶粉受 三聚氰胺 污染, 決定召回今年 8 月 6 日以前生產的全部三鹿嬰幼兒奶粉, 市面上共有 700 噸 衛生部亦稱 高度懷疑 奶粉受到三聚氰胺污染, 而三聚氰胺是一種化工原料, 可導致人體泌尿系統產生結石 甘肅今年 59 嬰個案 1 死甘肅省衛生廳發言人楊敬科昨日在通報會上稱, 甘肅今年已有 59 例嬰兒腎結石個案, 已有 1 名嬰兒死亡, 患者多在 5 至 11 個月大, 全部食用過 三鹿 牌的嬰兒配方奶粉 很多都是雙腎結石, 部分情况嚴重, 已惡化為腎衰竭 楊敬科稱, 甘肅衛生廳 7 月中已接到病例報告, 並成立調查組到奶粉廠檢查, 並收集 6 個奶粉樣本進行檢測 目前甘肅有 7 名患兒的父母聯名寫下申請書, 要求甘肅省衛生廳徹查病因 除甘肅外, 江蘇省南京有 20 多個腎結石嬰兒求診, 湖北有 3 例, 陝西 寧夏等地有 6 例, 安徽 江西 山東 湖南 河南均有家長報稱食用 三鹿 奶粉的孩子出現疑似症狀 ; 但在三鹿集團所在地河北省, 暫未有案例 由於部分個案要待檢查後才能確診, 全國患兒總數還在統計中 禍害甚於大頭娃娃毒奶粉 揚子晚報 引述南京鼓樓醫院泌尿科外科醫生孫西釗教授說, 他分析過 10 個個案, 其中一名患兒是雙胞胎之一, 母乳只夠 1 個孩子吃, 餵母乳的孩子沒有患病, 餵奶粉的則患腎石, 故排除遺傳因素 孫教授說, 事件比早年安徽阜陽發生的 大頭娃娃 奶粉致病事件更加嚴重, 因為它容易導致患兒急性腎功能衰竭, 若搶救不當會致其死亡 119

131 版面 / 版頁 : 要聞 /A01 明報日期 : Appendix 35 Ming Pao Daily News 2 (MP 2) 三聚氰胺冒蛋白質成本減八成三鹿指奶農添加毒素 三鹿集團品牌管理部蘇長生稱, 三鹿品牌適合 0 至 3 歲嬰幼兒的奶粉, 自今年 3 月到 8 月 5 日生產的產品中部分批次被污染 他指奶製品蛋白質含量是依靠檢測氮含量, 有奶農向鮮奶中添加三聚氰胺來提高氮含量 由於目前對三聚氰胺的檢測沒有標準, 因此該集團也未有監測 集團聲稱, 奶粉中出現三聚氰胺並不是在生產環節中發生 研究員指三鹿難卸責 但中國疾病預防控制中心營養與食品安全所助理研究員毛德清則質疑, 數千噸奶粉是非常大的數量, 需要相當多的鮮奶和奶農供應, 且三鹿是早在今年 3 月就已知道的有嬰兒懷疑食用奶粉發病 三鹿把責任推到奶農頭上, 但也無法推卸其任何責任 無色無味難察造假 廣東省衛生廳副廳長廖新波指出, 無良商家為通過檢查, 在奶粉中加入含氮量高達 66% 的 三聚氰胺, 成本可比添加真蛋白質節約 80% 他說, 食品行業常使用 凱氏定氮法 (Kjeldahl method), 透過檢測食品氮原子的含量來間接推算蛋白質的含量 而 三聚氰胺 含氮量高達 66%, 一般常規檢測無法測出, 可以用來 假扮 蛋白質, 且其費用只及真實蛋白原料的 20% 而且 三聚氰胺 作為一種白色粉末, 無色無味, 摻入產品中不易被發現, 造假者便選用 三聚氰胺 做假 營銷專家冷振興在新浪網撰文稱, 奶粉造假通常有兩種, 一種是摻入大豆蛋白粉, 對人體沒有副作用 ; 另一種是摻入三聚氰胺 而在奶粉中出現化合物三聚氰胺的根本原因, 在於現行的凱氏定氮蛋白質測定方法, 只測試總有機氮含量, 而非特定的蛋白質含氮量, 於是, 凱氏方法缺陷被商家投機利用, 使偽劣產品蒙混達標 冷振興認為, 利用檢驗標準的缺陷, 其後果是, 將本應該是對人體無明顯副作用的動物蛋白的奶粉中添加植物蛋白 ( 如大豆蛋白 ), 變成為行業 潛規則 : 不顧人死活的添加三聚氰胺 120

132 版面 / 版頁 : 要聞 /A01 明報日期 : Appendix 36 Ming Pao Daily News 3 (MP 3) 毒奶飲品港疑有售澳門 9 月大嬰兒患腎石曾服台產奶糊 追蹤毒奶粉 毒奶粉潮 禍延港澳? 以三鹿牌奶粉作原料, 疑含化學品三聚氰胺的台灣 尚效 牌罐裝木瓜牛奶, 昨晚被揭發在本港 裕記 集團有售, 並懷疑在港已出售超過一個月, 單是九龍城裕記分店昨晚便有 20 多罐存貨, 但暫未確定裕記出售的批次有否受三聚氰胺污染 食物安全中心指會跟進事件, 若發現上述產品在市面有售, 將會化驗 澳門衛生局證實, 當地有一名 9 個月大嬰兒患腎結石, 由於三聚氰胺可導致嬰孩患腎石, 澳門衛生局正設法聯絡嬰兒家人了解及追查病因, 了解腎石是因先天因素還是其他因素引起 據悉, 嬰兒出生後曾食用在澳門購買的奶粉及一隻台灣生產的奶糊, 而該嬰兒現已被送到本港一間著名私家醫院接受治療 台灣飲品用三鹿奶粉作原料正在北京休假的食物及衛生局長周一嶽表示, 日內將約見國家質檢總局官員, 了解三鹿奶粉污染事件, 他說, 港府日前已接獲內地部門知會, 指問題奶粉用於內銷, 政府正抽驗其他來源的奶類製品是否含有污染物, 但由於三聚氰胺並非用於食品, 因此不列入恆常檢驗機制 食物安全中心說, 正跟進事件, 據內地資料, 三鹿牌產品無入口本港, 而過去數天, 中心在巡查藥房及超市時, 未發現有關產品或其他內地奶粉在港出售 不過據台灣傳媒報道, 受污染的奶類產品可能已流入本港, 因台灣不少公司均有入口三鹿牌奶粉作原料, 製造不同產品 ( 如奶類飲品 麵包等 ) 供本銷或外銷 其中台灣尚效公司, 上月即把 500 公斤疑有問題三鹿牌奶料交給春喬食品工廠代工, 製成 8222 箱罐裝尚效牌奶製飲料, 包括木瓜牛奶 曼特寧咖啡 藍山炭燒咖啡等 台灣衛生局正封存存貨, 再追查有沒有流出市面, 但有台灣傳媒指部分飲品疑已流出台灣市面及外銷到本港 裕記 有售木瓜牛奶上架兩月商台記者昨晚即在九龍城的 裕記 發現 20 多罐 350 毫升裝 尚效 牌木瓜牛奶, 罐身寫着含有 全脂奶粉 成分, 製造者為春喬食品, 但未知有否受三聚氰胺污染 店員說, 在一兩個月前出售這種產品, 亦有銷路, 相信其他分店同樣有售, 暫時未收到指示要回收, 裕記總部職員則指要待明日 ( 周二 ), 公司才有人回應事件 毒奶粉事件各方說法 4 月成立專案組調查毒奶粉事件,5 月 12 日查獲一批 疑似三聚氰胺的物品, 121

133 拘 1 人三鹿董事長田文華 : 早於 8 月 1 日已檢測到產品含有三聚氰胺, 並向 有關部門 匯報 三鹿大股東恆天然公司 : 8 月被知會有奶粉出現污染, 恆天然要求立即回收, 但沒有回應河北副省長楊崇勇 : 省政府 9 月 8 日收到石家莊市政府報告國家質檢總局副局長蒲長城 : 質檢局 9 月 9 日才收到信息三鹿集團 : 9 月 11 日承認發現 08 年 8 月 6 日前出廠的部分批次奶粉受到三聚氰胺污染, 市面上大約有 700 噸, 宣布回收副衛生部長高強 : 三鹿在相當長的時間內沒有向政府報告 122

134 版面 / 版頁 : 要聞 /A02 明報日期 : Appendix 37 Ming Pao Daily News 4 (MP 4) 港熱賣伊利雪條含毒回收食環署未即時公布超市自行停售 上接 A1 三聚氰胺毒害已禍延至本港的奶類產品, 除國家質檢總局驗出暢銷本港的內地名牌奶 蒙牛 和 伊利 的奶粉也出事外, 本港食環署亦發現, 在市面以奶味香濃大受歡迎的 伊利牧場大果粒酸奶味雪條, 同樣驗出含三聚氰胺須全面回收, 雖然署方指孩童每日食 11 支雪條才超出安全標準, 但幼兒忌吃, 專家更警告三聚氰胺會在體內累積, 不應攝取 然而, 主管港人食物安全的食環署, 不但未有第一時間向市民公布驗出伊利雪條有事, 反而要待惠康超市自行發稿公布停售伊利雪條雪糕後兩小時, 才交代化驗報告 ; 內地中央電視台播出內地驗出蒙牛及伊利奶粉有問題, 食環署亦毫不知情, 昨晚仍表示暫不會要求商戶停售有關奶品 牧場大果粒酸奶味雪條 含三聚氰胺吉之島則自行決定全面停售所有伊利和蒙牛奶品 雪條及雪糕, 以策安全 ; 百佳和惠康只停售全線伊利雪條及雪糕產品, 停售蒙牛及伊利奶與否, 仍待署方指示 食環署傍晚公布, 過去數天在市面抽驗的 27 個奶類產品樣本, 涉及 22 款 ( 見表 ) 結果顯示, 只有一款 伊利牧場大果粒酸奶味雪條 樣本 ( 淨體積 :90 毫升裝, 製造商為 Shanghai Yili AB FoodsCo. Ltd.), 被驗出含有 15ppm 三聚氰胺, 有關含量與質檢總局抽驗的 35 個伊利奶品樣本, 發現其中一個含 12ppm 相若 食環署 : 成人每日食 22 支才超標食環署指出, 根據美國食品及藥物管理局標準, 三聚氰胺 的安全參考值 ( 即每日可容忍攝入量 ) 為每日每公斤體重 0.63 毫克 一個 60 公斤重成人, 每天要吃多於 2.5 公斤雪條 ( 即多於 22 支 ), 其三聚氰胺攝入量才超過安全標準 ; 一個 30 公斤重的孩童, 每天要吃多於 1.25 公斤雪條 ( 即多於 11 支 ) 才算超標 在一般食用情况下, 不會對健康構成重大影響 發言人又說, 因驗出三聚氰胺的含量 極微, 有機會是在生產過程中的器皿受污染所致, 正與生產商了解 至於內地驗出蒙牛和伊利奶粉含三聚氰胺, 署方指早前抽驗的奶類樣本未有發現, 他們會緊切留意跟進 本報記者昨午往代理伊利產品的振超有限公司欲了解事件, 該公司一員工稱負責同事已下班, 公司會在 適當時候 回應事件 記者昨午辦公時間亦致電伊利駐深圳辦事處, 一名女職員表示, 該公司尚未收到任何要求回收產品的通知, 未有退貨退款安排 立法會議員李華明批評, 不能接受 食環署公布較超市慢, 內地驗出蒙牛和伊 123

135 利奶粉有事亦不知情, 反應永遠慢三拍, 對市民健康毫不緊張, 市民只能靠自己! 他更質疑, 署方強調日吃十多二十條雪條才有事, 有淡化問題之嫌 124

136 版面 / 版頁 : 港聞 /A06 明報日期 : Appendix 38 Ming Pao Daily News 5 (MP 5) 含伊利奶日清即食喳咋回收國產子母牌士多啤梨奶星驗出有毒 內地毒奶事件繼續擴大, 繼奶粉 雪條 牛奶後, 連即食糖水喳咋亦告出事 正當食物安全中心昨日公布最新 47 個奶製品樣本 ( 包括 36 個蒙牛樣本 ) 全部沒含三聚氰胺 並說稍後會擴大化驗範圍至朱古力 曲奇等產品之時, 卻收到日清通知, 指旗下產品 日清美味寶喳咋糖水 曾使用含毒伊利牌牛奶作原料, 宣布要全面回收 相關新聞刊 A20 另外, 新加坡當局化驗後, 除發現伊利乳酪含三聚氰胺外, 同時發現在中國生產的 子母牌 (DutchLady) 士多啤梨味牛奶亦含三聚氰胺, 宣布即時全面禁止入口及銷售中國奶類產品 不過, 同樣人心惶惶的香港, 當局卻仍採取 驗出一樣禁一樣 的政策, 被候任立法會議員批評不夠果斷 港驗 36 蒙牛樣本全過關食物安全中心指, 昨日收到 日清食品有限公司 通知要回收盒裝 日清美味寶喳咋糖水, 生產商為康大食品有限公司 發言人稱已知會業界停售該產品, 中心亦會抽取樣本化驗 日清指, 產品曾使用伊利牌純牛奶 (1 公升裝 ) 作原材料, 而該產品早前曾驗出含三聚氰胺 市民可以到百佳 華潤及惠康超級市場辦理退款, 毋須出示單據 日清暫未有統計市面上有多少盒裝喳咋糖水, 強調集團其他糖水產品並無問題 周一嶽 : 不立即停售內地奶品食物安全中心最新檢驗的 47 個奶製品樣本全部過關, 當中包括 36 個蒙牛樣本 食物及衛生局長周一嶽表示, 不會立即禁售內地奶類產品, 只會待驗出產品有問題才禁售, 驗到沒有問題的話, 是可以放心, 但若未曾檢驗, 我們勸喻不要進食 以內地牛奶為原料的食物多如繁星, 但他表示稍後才會擴大監察及抽檢範圍, 抽驗以奶粉為原材料的產品, 如蛋糕 朱古力 曲奇等, 但就並無提及在結果出爐前, 市民應否再食用其他以奶粉為原料的產品 候任立法會議員李華明批評, 以牛奶為原料的製品多如牛毛, 政府除了作檢查外, 早應全面接觸食品供應商, 了解他們有否使用出事奶產品作食物原料, 一般市民在包裝上根本不能判斷食物有無問題, 政府緩慢處理, 恐會令公眾恐慌 李華明斥隨意抽樣不足證安全事實上, 昨日政府的化驗結果亦未能消除市民的疑慮, 國家質檢總局日前亦曾進行檢驗, 挑選了蒙牛 121 批次的樣本作檢驗, 令不同時間出廠的產品都可得到檢查, 結果發現 11 批次樣本出現問題, 但本港卻只是隨意抽取 36 個樣本, 難保下一個批次沒有問題 李華明批評, 當局抽查蒙牛的樣本數 125

137 量不足以證明蒙牛安全, 但當局竟已聲稱 檢查無問題, 就可放心飲用 他指政府至少應呼籲市民暫時不要飲用蒙牛產品 蒙牛執行董事姚同山估計, 出事奶製品主要來自小型奶農, 而大型農場較少鋌而走險亂加化學品 ; 他解釋, 本港奶製品主要由大型農場供應, 較內地安全, 但他並無解釋供港和供應內地的奶製品是否出自同一生產線 姚同山昨日在業績會上向公眾道歉, 指蒙牛會承擔責任, 向遭受損失的市民雙倍賠償, 管理層 該下台的下台 他說蒙牛已購入 6 部機器檢驗三聚氰胺 126

138 版面 / 版頁 : 要聞 /A02 明報日期 : Appendix 39 Ming Pao Daily News 6 (MP 6) 質檢局長問責下台新華社文章 : 追究高官責任成慣例 毒奶 事件繼續引發內地官場問責風暴, 國家質檢總局局長李長江引咎辭職, 成為事件發生至今下台的最高級官員, 也是自 2003 年 SARS 事件衛生部長張文康後, 再有一名因處理重大公眾安全事故失當而請辭的正部級官員 國務院副秘書長王勇獲任命接任質檢總局局長 而三鹿集團所在的石家莊市繼市長冀純堂被免職後, 市委書記吳顯國昨日也遭撤換 新華社稱, 有關事件體現中國的官員問責制不斷成熟, 日後會成為慣例 另一正部級官員引咎辭職 國家質檢總局昨日宣布, 李長江的辭職申請已獲國務院批准, 由國務院副秘書長王勇接任 國務院同時任命國家標準化管理委員會主任劉平均為國家質檢總局副局長 新華社發表的署名文章, 形容李長江是 因為奶粉事件引咎辭職 中新社引述消息人士透露,63 歲的李長江昨日並沒有出現在辦公室 自 01 年 4 月國家質檢總局成立以來, 李長江一直擔任局長, 並在今年 3 月起兼任質檢總局黨組書記 李長江的最後一次露面是在 17 日的國務院記者會, 當時他還任 國家處理三鹿牌嬰幼兒奶粉事件領導小組 組長, 向傳媒通報乳製品檢查的情况, 他當時曾表示, 抽檢的 80% 的企業產品沒有檢測出三聚氰胺, 產品是安全的, 惹起外界非議 首任局長曾稱 80% 產品安全除李長江辭職外, 河北省委決定免去吳顯國的石家莊市委書記職務, 由省委副書記車俊兼任 ; 承德市委書記艾文禮則調任石家莊市委副書記, 準備接替本月 17 日辭職的石家莊市委副書記 市長冀純堂的職務, 當日, 石家莊副市長張發旺亦被免職 新華社昨日發表述評文章, 指 此次是自 2003 年 SARS 以來的新一輪官員問責風暴 在本月因涉及公共安全問題而下台者, 還包括山西省長孟學農, 以及山西副省長 石家莊市委書記和市長 臨汾市長等 10 多名局級以上高官 新華社特別指出, 李長江的下台是在中共 深入學習實踐科學發展觀活動 動員大會 3 天之後 本月 19 日, 中共總書記 國家主席胡錦濤在會上斥責一些幹部 對群眾呼聲和疾苦置若罔聞, 對關係群眾生命安全這樣的重大問題麻木不仁 翌日, 127

139 總理溫家寶亦強調要強化領導問責制 述評文章還說, 此次的問責風暴顯示了中國政府在奧運之後突顯憂患意識 積極應對矛盾的態度, 發生重大安全事故就追究領導責任已經從 個案 成為 慣例 2006 年開始實施的 中華人民共和國公務員法 中規定, 領導成員因工作嚴重失誤 失職造成重大損失或者惡劣社會影響的, 或者對重大事故負有領導責任的, 應當引咎辭去領導職務, 本人不提出辭職的, 應當責令其辭去領導職務 相關新聞刊 A3 A4 128

140 版面 / 版頁 : 中國 /A34 明報日期 : Appendix 40 Ming Pao Daily News 7 (MP 7) 溫總在美談毒奶事件 3 教訓 明報專訊 美國當地時間 9 月 23 日, 國務院總理溫家寶在紐約出席美國友好團體舉行的歡迎午宴上指出, 在嬰幼兒奶粉事件中已汲取 3 個教訓, 溫家寶同時強調, 企業家的身上應流着道德的血液 中國願在食品安全問題上加強同美國的合作 重視道德建設監管企業 新華社報道, 溫家寶在午宴上表示, 中國政府高度重視最近發生的嬰幼兒奶粉事件, 並立即採取果斷措施處理, 而且政府在事件中已汲取 3 個教訓, 首先會確保產品質量, 不以犧牲民衆的健康和生命換取企業發展 ; 其次, 會從原料生產 加工 流通 消費每個環節進行嚴格監督和檢查 ; 最後, 重視社會道德建設 溫家寶還表示, 中國會採取有力的措施確保產品質量和食品安全, 中國的出口產品不僅要符合國際標準, 還要符合進口國的要求 內地本月初發生添加三聚氰胺的毒奶粉事件, 迄今已毒死 6 名嬰兒,5 萬多名嬰兒受影響 內地伊利 蒙牛等 20 多間名牌乳製品企業也被驗出奶粉含毒 而國家質檢總局局長李長江 石家莊市委書記吳顯國等 7 名官員也因此去職 129

141 版面 / 版頁 : 港聞 /A08 明報日期 : Appendix 41 Ming Pao Daily News 8 (MP 8) 樂天小熊餅驗出三聚氰胺幼童日吃兩包半已超標超市停售 廣受小朋友歡迎的 朱古力樂天熊仔餅 被澳門衛生當局驗出含高濃度三聚氰胺, 含量達 24ppm,3 歲以下幼童每日吃 2 包半已經超標 ; 本港百佳和惠康超市, 已主動停售樂天小熊餅 ( 圖 ) 另港府昨推新措施, 向所有未經消毒處理內地來港鮮奶, 先作三聚氰胺抽驗, 證實無問題才讓製奶公司處理出售 專家關注, 無論牛奶 蛋糕 雪條 餅乾, 甚至幼兒飲用的奶粉均驗出有問題, 兒童每日累積攝取的三聚氰胺不容輕視 澳門驗出港未籲停食 澳門衛生局驗出一款由香港 益生貿易 作總代理 中國樂天食品公司生產的 樂天小熊餅 ( 朱古力夾心 ) 50 克裝, 含有 24ppm 三聚氰胺 ; 而 蒙牛早餐奶麥香奶類飲品 和 雀巢金裝助長奶粉 (1+), 亦分別驗出含 2.35ppm 和少於 1ppm 三聚氰胺 根據本港食環署資料, 三聚氰胺的每日每公斤體重安全攝取上限為 0.63 毫克,3 歲以下嬰幼兒則為 0.32 毫克, 以此計算,10 公斤重幼兒每日只要吃 2 包半問題樂天小熊餅已可出事,50 公斤成人則吃 包, 才超過安全標準 新措施 : 內地來港鮮奶先驗後售食環署昨日未有呼籲市民暫停食用該款樂天小熊餅, 只表示會向澳門當局了解並作跟進 中大生化系副教授陳竟明則說, 有關小熊餅的三聚氰胺含量 並不低, 食品根本不可放此物質, 故一定是 零容忍, 且當不同的零食和奶製飲品也含三聚氰胺, 即使含量不高, 累積攝取量也不容輕視 另外, 原來本港多個表明是 香港製造 的鮮奶, 原材料實際上是來自內地, 食環署早前檢測過多批來自肇慶市 珠江 番禺 甚至深圳市 光明集團 的未經熱處理入口鮮奶, 未發現含三聚氰胺 不過, 食物及衛生局長周一嶽則表示, 當局會推行新措施, 為每批入口鮮奶先作抽檢, 證實無事才批准在市面發售 ( 見右圖 ) 周說 : 目前來說, 我們驗了這麼多次, 它們都是沒有問題的 但我們希望有一個持續的做法, 令香港人飲鮮奶也安心 但因鮮奶出廠後, 只可存放數日, 抽檢也要配合時間性 維記牛奶表示, 他們昨日已率先試行了抽驗計劃, 等待化驗結果大約要 4 至 6 小時, 大致上對生產流程的影響不大, 只是以往食環署是待他們製成了鮮奶飲品入樽後才抽查, 現將抽查環節提早在來貨原材料上 維記和雀巢牛奶公司對有關措施也表支持 130

142 另外, 為應付十一黃金周可能出現的購奶粉潮, 各代理現正作出準備 ( 見左上表 ) 131

143 版面 / 版頁 : 要聞 /A02 明報日期 : Appendix 42 Ming Pao Daily News 9 (MP 9) 吉百利回收 11 京製朱古力通過內地測試自行檢驗發現三聚氰胺 繼國際知名朱古力品牌 M&M's Snickers 和 Oreo 被印尼當局驗出含高濃度三聚氰胺後, 吉百利昨日主動宣布, 緊急全面回收本港及台灣 11 款由北京工廠生產的朱古力, 但吉百利只以內地生產 產品所使用的一種成分的可靠性產生疑問 作解說, 內容含糊, 沒有說明與三聚氰胺有關 但吉百利英國總公司發言人其後接受外國傳媒查詢時證實, 公司為該批產品做的測試結果顯示, 產品內含微量的三聚氰胺 利誠奶片亦中招 另外食物安全中心昨日驗出兩個 利誠原味乾吃奶片 樣本, 分別含有 4.7 和 8.3ppm 三聚氰胺, 重 10 公斤的 3 歲幼兒每天吃約 20 小包, 便超出安全標準 ;60 公斤重成人則日吃 270 小包才出事 食環署對今次吉百利緊急回收所為何事, 不但不獲通知, 亦無權過問, 目前只能要求對方提交資料 立法會議員炮轟事件突顯政府無能失責, 吉百利拒公開內情更全無社會責任, 絕不恰當 本港各大超市昨全面將問題吉百利朱古力回收, 更自行決定將 M&M's Snickers 和 Oreo 朱古力威化下架, 但食安中心仍未有就市民應否停吃後者 3 款朱古力產品, 作任何指引 政府消息稱, 由於本港仍未有回收法例, 當局正研究在 公眾衛生及市政條例 加入修訂條文, 若食環署有合理懷疑某種食品不適合人類食用, 便可下令回收, 不一定要先檢驗, 以堵塞目前食環署往往要先驗到食品出事, 才能下令停售的不足之處 有關修例法案最快於 10 月中新一屆立法會期展開時提出 回收原因食環署不獲通知 吉百利昨早突然發出聲明, 宣布緊急回收 11 款產品, 包括純黑朱古力和牛奶朱古力, 該些產品全由 吉百利北京工廠 生產, 聲明沒有解釋回收原因是否涉及三聚氰胺, 只表示, 原本其乳製品供應商全部通過中國政府檢測, 但 根據吉百利公司的額外檢驗得出的結果, 令吉百利對其在中國生產的一系列產品, 所使用的一種成分的可靠性, 產生疑問 聲明指出, 由吉百利北京工廠生產的朱古力, 只出口到台灣和香港, 另外一種吉百利怡口蓮產品則出口到澳洲 對於今次吉百利大規模緊急回收的背後原因, 就連食環署也不獲通報, 本報向署方 132

144 查詢是否收到詳細報告, 署方只回應 正要求該公司提交有關資料 政府消息指出, 吉百利早在前晚已將回收決定通知食環署, 但未透露原因, 食環署只能從 非正式途徑 初步獲悉, 事件可能涉及有關朱古力含三聚氰胺 議員 : 吉百利有責任向公眾交代候任立法會議員張宇人和王國興均批評, 吉百利作為跨國大集團, 發現食品有問題須緊急回收, 卻拒絕交代原因, 絕不恰當, 張宇人認為吉百利有責任向公眾交代報告 ; 王國興更炮轟吉百利含糊其詞, 絕無社會責任, 簡直離譜! 他指食環署絕不能以 無權過問 為由, 輕易放過吉百利, 必須要求對方公開真相 食環署昨已抽取了吉百利 M&M's Snickers 和 Oreo 的朱古力產品全面檢驗, 料今日有結果 相關新聞刊 A16 133

145 版面 / 版頁 : 要聞 /A05 大公報日期 : Appendix 43 Tai Kung Pao 1 (TKP 1) 三鹿認奶粉污染撤架回收多省市發現嬰兒泌尿結石病例 本報訊 中國衛生部 11 日晚指出, 近期甘肅等地報告多例嬰幼兒泌尿系統結石病例, 調查發現患兒多有食用 三鹿牌 嬰幼兒奶粉的歷史, 經調查, 高度懷疑該品牌奶粉受到三聚氰胺污染 生產商已發出召回聲明, 市場上大約有 700 噸懷疑受污染奶粉 繼甘肅後, 河南 江西 湖北 湖南 陝西 江蘇 安徽等地醫院也發現數起相同病例 據患兒家長反映, 患兒曾食用 三鹿牌 奶粉 中國衛生部專家指出, 三聚氰胺是一種化工原料, 可導致人體泌尿系統產生結石 南京鼓樓醫院泌尿科外科醫生孫西釗教授表示, 這一疾病與前幾年安徽阜陽發生的奶粉所致的大頭娃娃事件相比, 後果更嚴重 自檢發現產品受污染 據新華社北京十一日消息 : 石家莊三鹿集團股份有限公司 11 日晚發布產品召回聲明稱, 經公司自檢發現 8 月 6 日前出廠的部分批次三鹿嬰幼兒奶粉受到三聚氰胺的污染 此前, 三鹿集團公司有關負責人表示, 公司密切關注奶粉致病事件, 已派人赴相關地區了解情況, 並全力配合有關部門調查 另據本報記者楊韶紅 實習記者張生桐蘭州十一日電 : 甘肅省衛生廳 11 日召開關於部分嬰兒泌尿結石病因調查情況通報新聞發布會, 就甘肅 14 名嬰兒服同一品牌奶粉後同患腎結石事件有關情況進行通報 發言人介紹了近期甘肅省衛生廳主要工作進展, 但現場並沒有接受記者提問 甘肅上報 59 宗病例 近期甘肅省衛生廳已召集流行病學 營養學和臨床專家召開兩次工作研究會, 對嬰兒泌尿結石原因 診斷和流行病學調查方法及有關事項進行研討 安排對甘肅全省市級以上醫院 2006 至 2008 年間病例進行檢索, 調查數據顯示, 目前全省共上報該病例 59 人, 死亡 1 例, 分布 10 個市州 24 個縣區, 農村患兒居多 有關方面已安排衛生監督機構對患兒食用的奶粉採樣 6 份, 送國家某單位進行檢測 為防止假冒產品的影響, 對其來源也已進行追溯 疾病防控機構已制定流動方案, 開展流行病學調查 方案在徵集省內專家意見的基礎上, 已報衛生部徵求了專家意見, 結果還在統計核對中, 目前尚不能確定嬰兒腎結石與配方奶粉有直接關係 甘肅省衛生廳於 7 月 16 日接某醫院報告, 稱今年該院收治的嬰兒患腎結石病例明 134

146 顯增多, 近幾月已達十幾例, 均食用 三鹿牌 奶粉 當日, 衛生廳作了初步調查發現, 該醫院上半年共收治患腎結石患兒 16 例 ( 不包括門診治療病兒 ), 月齡大多為 5 至 11 個月, 患者病情重, 部分患兒已發展成腎功能不全 據醫生介紹, 臨床上患腎結石多為成人, 兒童尤其是嬰兒患此病較少 衛生部籲停止飲用 在初步調查結果出來後, 甘肅省衛生廳立即向衛生部做了匯報, 要求開展病理學調查, 盡快查明原因 為了解全省情況, 甘肅省衛生廳隨後下發了 關於對嬰兒泌尿系統結石病例開展流行病學調查的通知, 並對流調工作進行部署 流調工作由省衛生廳和各市 州衛生局負責組織, 疾病預防控制機構制定方案 完成流行病學調查, 衛生監督機構負責樣品採集和違法事件查處, 市 ( 州 ) 以上醫院按要求負責住院病例的搜索 中國衛生部提醒公眾, 立即停止使用該品種奶粉, 已食用該奶粉的嬰幼兒如出現小便困難等異常症狀, 要及時就診 同時, 衛生部要求各醫療機構及時報告類似病例 三聚氰胺 三聚氰胺是製造三聚氰胺 甲醛樹脂 ( 蜜胺塑料 ) 的化工原料 該樹脂有時也被俗稱為三聚氰胺, 被用於製造日用器皿 裝飾貼面板 織物整理劑等 三聚氰胺還可以與乙醚配合作紙張處理劑, 在一些塗料中作交聯劑, 以及阻燃化學處理劑等 三聚氰胺被認為毒性輕微, 大鼠口服的半數致死量大於 3 克 公斤體重 據 194 年一個實驗報道 : 將大劑量的三聚氰胺飼餵給大鼠 兔和狗後沒有觀察到明顯的中毒現象 動物長期攝入三聚氰胺會造成生殖 泌尿系統的損害, 膀胱 腎部結石, 並可進一步誘發膀胱癌 135

147 版面 / 版頁 : 要聞 /A05 大公報日期 : Appendix 44 Tai Kung Pao 2 (TKP 2) 奶粉摻有毒物質地方官知情未公告警方 : 添加三聚氰胺是公開的秘密 三鹿毒奶粉事件國家六部委已介入調查, 據悉, 石家莊市政府八月初即得知三鹿奶粉中混入三聚氰胺, 並要求企業收回產品, 但未向社會公告 據甘肅省衛生廳統計, 當地目前共報告病例五十九例, 死亡一例 本報記者張杰 王穗 楊清林十二日電 國家質檢總局新聞辦主任李迎豐十二日下午四時多接受本報記者採訪時透露, 各部委十二日聯合召開首次會議, 通報各部門關於三鹿問題奶粉的調查情況, 然後將新信息向社會發布 各個部門調查的情況將進行匯總, 之後向社會公布 李迎豐說 質檢總局相關司局的工作人員已赴三鹿集團, 進行抽樣檢驗, 調查原因 李迎豐在簡短地介紹了上述情況後, 告訴本報記者, 馬上要開會, 掛斷了電話 石家莊三鹿集團股份有限公司董事長田文華十二日下午對本報記者說, 公司所生產的嬰幼兒 問題奶粉 是不法分子在原奶收購過程中添加了三聚氰胺所致 他同時強調 三鹿也是受害者, 希望得到社會理解 不惜一切代價救患者 石家莊市副市長趙新朝說, 石家莊市已對下一步工作措施進行了緊急部署, 將不惜一切代價救治相關患者, 堅決召回遺留在市場上的全部問題奶粉, 把對消費者的損害降低到最低程度 ; 對三聚氰胺造成的食源性疾病的問題進行調查取證, 為打擊違法犯罪分子和召回處理等工作提供可靠的法律依據 ; 舉一反三, 在全市範圍內開展食品生產安全整治活動 截至十日, 三鹿集團封存問題奶粉二千一百七十六噸, 收回奶粉八千二百一十噸, 大約還有七百噸奶粉正在通過各種方式收回 同時, 八月五日後上市的產品均不含三聚氰胺 上月初已知曉要求回收 據了解, 八月初查出了三鹿集團生產的奶粉中含有三聚氰胺物質, 石家莊市委 市政府立即召開緊急會議, 要求立即收回全部可疑產品, 對產品進行全面檢測, 確保新上市產品全部合格, 絕不能再含有三聚氰胺成分, 同時各有關部門展開調查工作, 確定事件性質 但並未向社會公告 河北警方稱, 三聚氰胺是一種化工原料, 作為添加劑, 可以使原奶在摻入清水後, 仍然符合收購標準, 所以被不法分子用來增加交奶量以獲利 警方傳喚 78 名嫌疑人 136

148 河北警方稱, 在牛奶中添加三聚氰胺的不法行為是一種公開的秘密, 在河北唐山 石家莊奶源爭奪地活動着多支從事培訓奶農造假的專業技術隊伍 九月十二日, 石家莊警方已經傳喚了七十八名嫌疑人員 目前此案正在進一步調查審理中 據甘肅省衛生廳統計, 目前甘肅省共報告病例五十九例, 死亡一例, 以農村患者為多 137

149 版面 / 版頁 : 港聞 /A09 大公報日期 : Appendix 45 Tai Kung Pao 3 (TKP 3) 食安中心跟進內地問題奶粉 本報訊 食物安全中心發言人昨日說, 中心一直密切留意內地 三鹿牌 嬰兒奶粉事件, 並已採取積極跟進措施, 保障食物安全 發言人說 : 雖然根據內地有關當局的資料, 有關產品並沒有出口香港, 中心人員在過去數天亦有到藥房及超級市場巡查, 並未發現有關產品或其他內地牌子奶粉在市面出售 而為審慎起見, 中心已在市面抽取三款內地製造國際牌子的奶粉樣本作檢測, 今日獲得的化驗結果顯示, 全部樣本均沒有檢出 三聚氰胺 此外, 中心亦已在市面抽取內地生產以牛奶來製造的產品樣本, 包括鮮奶 雪糕 雪條及酸乳酪作化驗 中心將繼續密切留意情況 138

150 版面 / 版頁 : 要聞 /A11 大公報日期 : Appendix 46 Tai Kung Pao 4 (TKP 4) 港發現含毒奶伊利雪條 本報訊 內地奶類產品越揭越多問題, 繼三鹿牌奶粉發現含有 三聚氰胺 後, 在本港有售的伊利牧場大果粒酸奶味雪條, 食物環境衛生署昨日證實測試含有 三聚氰胺 惠康 百佳和吉之島三大超級市場昨日下午已即時回收所有伊利牌雪糕 雪條, 顧客可攜同產品到三大超市旗下的任何一間超市退款 因應近日市民對奶類產品的關注, 食物安全中心在市面抽取三款內地生產國際牌子的奶粉樣本作測試, 除較早前已公布該三款奶粉未有檢出 三聚氰胺 外, 中心在周末及假期期間續於市面抽取二十七個奶類產品樣本, 包括牛奶木瓜口味飲料 阿薩姆奶茶和藍山炭燒咖啡三款台灣罐裝飲品共十一個樣本, 以及十六個內地生產鮮奶 雪糕 雪條及酸乳酪樣本作檢測 當中只有伊利牧場大果粒酸奶味雪條 (90 毫升 ) 樣本, 被驗出含有微量 三聚氰胺, 有關產品將全線回收 食安中心發言人表示, 該樣本檢出的 三聚氰胺 含量為百萬分之十五, 在一般食用情況下, 不會對健康構成重大影響, 但建議不宜給予幼兒食用 發言人舉例指, 以一個體重六十公斤的成人每天要進食多於二點五公斤雪條 ( 即多於二十二支雪條 ), 其 三聚氰胺 攝入量才超過安全參考值 ; 一個體重三十公斤的孩童每天要進食多於一點二五公斤雪條 ( 即多於十一支雪條 ), 其 三聚氰胺 攝入量才超過安全參考值 發言人指出, 由於檢出 三聚氰胺 的含量極微, 有機會是在生產過程中處理的器皿受到污染所致, 現正向生產商了解, 入口商會回收該產品 而同樣在港有售的伊利牧場香濃布丁雪條 (85 毫升 ) 則沒有檢出含 三聚氰胺, 其餘多款伊利產品則不在測試範圍之內 另外, 在內地同樣被驗出含有 三聚氰胺 蒙牛產品, 本港亦沒有檢出含有 三聚氰胺 惠康 百佳昨午即時暫停發售伊利牌所有雪條及雪糕產品, 而吉之島則停售所有伊利牌產品 由即日起, 顧客可攜同產品到旗下任何一間超級市場退款 惠康表示, 為方便顧客, 是次退貨毋須收據 而百佳則表示, 顧客若有收據便跟收據退款, 沒有則按當日有關產品的價格退款 伊利牌奶類產品在國內非常受歡迎, 伊利牌雪糕在內地更連續十二年銷量冠軍 集團在內蒙設有農場, 亦於新西蘭輸入乳牛 139

151 版面 / 版頁 : 港聞 /A09 大公報日期 : Appendix 47 Tai Kung Pao 5 (TKP 5) 港擬禁食物加三聚氰胺第二批 46 個奶品化驗結果全合格 食物及衛生局局長周一嶽昨 日表示, 計劃立法禁止將三聚氰胺加入食物, 並立法規定所有輸港奶品必須附有新的衛生證明書, 方便當局追蹤入口食物來源, 預計在新一屆立法會期提出立法動議 本報實習記者紀綺琦 針對毒奶問題, 當局昨日再公布四十六個奶類食品樣本化驗結果, 三十六個蒙牛牌食物樣本和十個其他品牌, 包括雀巢 三花和光明牌食物樣本, 全部不含三聚氰胺 議員不滿過於遲緩 周一嶽昨午向立法會現任 候任議員匯報內地毒奶粉事件 議員們炮轟立法監管食物安全過於遲緩, 周一嶽表示, 正計劃立法禁止將三聚氰胺加入食物中, 但會考慮到食物有可能會被包裝或容器污染而含有微量三聚氰胺 食物安全中心正研究國際上的做法, 以決定適用於本港的標準 並有意追蹤入口食物來源, 以及要求所有輸港奶品必須附有新的衛生證明書 食物安全專員陳漢儀表示, 自事件發生至今, 食物安全中心共抽取一百三十九個樣本化驗, 其中一百零六個已有結果, 其中九個樣本含三聚氰胺, 結果已於早前公布 當局昨天再收到四十六個樣本的化驗報告, 全部不含三聚氰胺, 其中三十六個是蒙牛的產品, 十個屬其他內地品牌, 或在內地生產 共抽驗 139 個樣本 陳漢儀說, 根據主要奶粉商的資料, 本港的嬰兒奶粉並沒有使用內地的原材料, 但為安全起見, 當局已全面抽查市面約三十個不同品牌嬰兒奶粉化驗, 化驗結果將於周日收到 周一嶽表示, 相信本港的嬰兒奶粉是安全的 ; 至於已抽檢的奶類產品, 未來兩三日將完成化驗, 市民可以先等候結果, 暫時不進食 當局將繼續在市面抽取樣本化驗, 以及擴大監察範圍, 逐步抽取鮮奶 奶粉及奶類製品, 以及含有奶粉作為原材料的產品 140

152 版面 / 版頁 : 要聞 /A02 大公報日期 : Appendix 48 Tai Kung Pao 6 (TKP 6) 李長江辭質檢總局局長擔責 毒奶 事件王勇接任 再過一年即可圓滿退休的 64 歲的國家質檢總局局長李長江今日正式辭職, 成為第一位為三鹿毒奶粉事件擔責的部級官員, 國務院副秘書長王勇接替其職務 本報記者楊清林北京二十二日電 中央人民政府網今日下午已在其網站的人事任免專欄裡公布了這一新的任免決定 來自質檢總局內部的消息說, 今日上午, 質檢總局已召開會議宣布了國務院的任免決定 事實上, 從 18 日開始, 李長江已很少露面 李長江也成為本月裡因安全事故而引咎辭職的第二位省部級高官 此前, 山西省長孟學農因為對山西襄汾尾礦垮塌事故負有責任而引咎辭職, 而李長江則因對三鹿毒奶粉事件負有責任而引咎辭職 9 日被媒體曝光而引起國內外高度關注的三鹿毒奶粉事件, 截至 21 日晚 8 時, 各地報告因食用嬰幼兒配方奶粉接受門診治療並已基本康復的嬰幼兒 人, 正在住院治療的 人, 其中, 有較重症狀的嬰幼兒 104 人, 並有 4 名嬰幼兒死亡 事件成為新中國建國以來最嚴重的食品安全事故 毒奶 均是免檢產品 根據中國食品安全監管分段監管制度, 由衛生部 農業部 質檢總局 工商局 食品藥品監督管理局等多個部門共同監管食品安全, 質檢總局負責生產領域的食品安全監管責任 此次爆發的毒奶粉事件正是發生在質檢總局負責的生產領域 此外, 此次毒奶粉事件的發生還與質檢總局推行的產品免檢制度有關, 無論是給眾多孩子造成傷害的三鹿奶粉, 還是其後也檢出三聚氰胺的蒙牛 伊利 雅士利等嬰幼兒配方奶粉, 還是被檢出液態奶中也含有三聚氰胺的蒙牛 伊利 光明等企業, 均是免檢產事件發生後, 民眾普遍認為 : 免檢產品 已成為一些企業的保護傘, 由於這個門檻不高 標準很低的產品免檢制度, 質檢總局放棄了對這些食品企業的監管職責, 導致了三鹿毒奶粉事件的爆發 任內推行產品免檢 這項於 18 日被質檢總局宣布廢止的產品免檢制度, 正是 2001 年 4 月李長江開始擔任質檢總局局長後一手推動實施的 2001 年 12 月 4 日, 李長江簽署 國家質檢總局令第 9 號 宣布實施產品免檢制度,2008 年 9 月 18 日, 李長江又簽署質檢總局令第 109 號, 宣布廢止自己一手推動實施了 6 年零 10 個月的產品免檢制度 141

153 去年, 山東和江蘇兩家企業曾因在出口美國的飼料中添加三聚氰胺而導致美國數百隻貓狗等寵物死亡, 這引發了全球範圍的中國食品安全危機, 在經過去年的食品安全專項整治後, 現在, 這種有毒化工原料竟然出現在嬰幼兒奶粉中, 並導致眾多嬰幼兒患病, 甚至有兒童死亡, 這實在令人匪夷所思, 而這兩次事故, 質檢總局都是直接責任單位 此外, 在剛剛過去的八月, 質檢總局還涉嫌另一樁醜聞 : 數家防偽企業指控質檢總局憑藉行政壟斷, 借電子監管網斂財, 將國家質檢總局告上法庭 8 月 1 日, 食品電子監管的直接推動人 質檢總局食品監管司原司長鄔建平自殺身亡, 更給此事件蒙上了神秘的面紗 作為質檢總局的負責人, 李長江也應對這場鬧得中外皆知的醜聞負責 李長江任內食品事故頻發 國家質檢總局在 2001 年由多個部門合併而成, 李長江成為首任國家質檢總局局長 他上任以來, 中國的食物及產品安全出現事故頻發 然而, 在多次出事後, 李長江指責有傳媒及國家在炒作, 李長江一直堅持中國絕大部分食品及出口產品安全 2004 年安徽阜陽劣質奶粉,171 名嬰兒成為大頭娃娃, 其中 13 人死亡 2004 年, 袋裝火鍋料發現含有石蠟 2005 年, 水產品發現致癌物質孔雀石綠 2006 年, 蛋類及調味料發現致癌工業顏料蘇丹紅 2007 年, 輸出日本的餃子發現有毒 2007 年, 輸出國外的寵物食品發現含有三聚氰胺 142

154 版面 / 版頁 : 港聞 /A09 大公報日期 : Appendix 49 Tai Kung Pao 8 (TKP 8) 樂天小熊餅驗出含三聚氰胺 本報訊 實習記者李寶芝報道 : 毒奶事件愈鬧愈大, 小朋友喜愛的樂天小熊餅在澳門被驗出含有三聚氰胺, 百佳超級市場昨晚立即宣布回收, 惠康超級市場稱要待收到食物安全中心通知, 才決定是否需要回收 食物安全中心昨晚表示正了解跟進事件 而蒙牛牛奶與雀巢金裝助長奶粉也被驗出含有三聚氰胺 澳門衛生局昨日宣布, 化驗發現三款在當地有售的奶類製品含有三聚氰胺 樂天小熊餅朱古力夾心味五十克裝, 食用日期至 九年一月十日, 三聚氰胺含量為每公斤二十四毫克, 在三種製品中發現含量最高, 超過本港法例限量近十倍 蒙牛早餐奶麥香奶類飲品二百五十毫升裝, 以及雀巢金裝助長奶粉一歲或以上九百克裝, 均驗出含有微量三聚氰胺 該款樂天小熊餅在本港亦有售, 百佳超市發言人稱, 該款樂天小熊餅與其他內地生產的樂天小熊餅, 都會一併回收 惠康超市發言人說, 未收到食物安全中心通知, 暫時不會回收 另外, 因應韓國食品及藥物局宣布, 兩款由中國生產 從香港進口的餅乾 Milk Rusk 和 Misarang Custard, 驗出含有三聚氰胺, 食物及衛生局局長周一嶽昨日表示, 密切跟進情況, 食物環境衛生署正擴大檢驗豆奶和餅乾等食品 食環生署發言人說, 若發現本港市面有售該兩款餅乾, 會即時抽驗 韓國並化驗發現 Misarang Custard 米餅含百萬分之一百三十七毫克三聚氰胺, 該零食是以韓國一間零食公司品牌出售, 韓國當局已宣布全面銷毀和回收這種米餅, 並禁止所有含中國奶粉的產品入口, 直至安全得以保證 143

155 版面 / 版頁 : 港聞 /A08 大公報日期 : Appendix 50 Tai Kung Pao 9 (TKP 9) 自揭成分有問題即時回收吉百利 11 款朱古力出事 受三聚氰胺污染的奶製品愈揭愈多, 國際品牌也 出事 繼 M&M's Snickers 和 OREO 的產品在印尼驗出超標, 吉百利公司昨日也宣布回收十一款朱古力產品 吉百利公司發言人稱, 有關產品的一種成分有問題, 決定回收 不過, 吉百利公司聲明中, 並未交代是否含有三聚氰胺 兩大超市百佳及惠康已將有關的產品即時下架 本報記者曾愷欣 吉百利公司昨日發表聲明稱, 在自行檢測產品後, 未能確定合乎安全標準, 決定主動回收旗下十一款朱古力產品, 聲明並無交代當中是否含有三聚氰胺 公司發言人表示, 已確認其乳製品供應商均通過中國政府的檢測, 但為安全起見, 公司進行額外檢驗, 結果顯示, 在北京製的產品所使用的一種成分 可靠性有疑問, 決定回收有關的產品 然而, 據通訊社消息, 一名自稱是吉百利公司的發言人表示, 初步檢驗顯示其在中國製造的朱古力產品含有三聚氰胺 該發言人說, 暫未能確定這些朱古力含有多少三聚氰胺 然而, 當被追問時, 他以公司政策為理由, 拒絕透露姓名 受影響的產品是一系列由吉百利北京工廠生產的朱古力及怡口蓮產品, 包括純黑朱古力珍珠四十五克和八十克 怡口蓮一百八十克 牛奶朱古力一百五十克 HalloweenPumpkin 至醇黑朱古力四十克 牛奶朱古力大量裝五公斤 純黑朱古力大量裝五公斤 香脆榛仁牛奶朱古力大量裝五公斤 香酥曲奇牛奶朱古力大量裝五公斤 榛子朱古力禮盒三百一十二克 ( 二 八新年禮盒 ) 牛奶朱古力禮盒三百克 ( 二 八新年禮盒 ) M&M's 等亦疑中招 本港代理商吉百利四洲有限公司表示, 已即時通知零售商回收產品, 直至檢測結果合格才供應市場 百佳和惠康均稱, 已將有關的產品即時下架, 市民可憑單據退款或換貨 衛生防護中心呼籲市民停止食用有關朱古力產品, 並知會業界停止售賣此等產品, 以及檢測相關產品及密切留意情況 此外, 在印尼檢驗超標的食品, 包括三款 M&M's 朱古力 一款 OREO 朱古力威化條和一款 Snicker's 朱古力, 當中 M&M's 牛奶朱古力含量最高, 達到百萬分之八百五十六, 高出本港標準三百多倍 M&M's 朱古力和 Snickers 的本港代理商 144

156 Mars 稱, 旗下的產品在香港 台灣和馬來西亞等地的測試都不含三聚氰胺, 質疑印尼的測試是否準確, 公司的印尼代表會和當地政府進一步了解 他說, 已將有關的產品送往檢測, 預計今日有結果, 承諾會向市民交代詳情 百佳及惠康表示, 即時停售所有 M&M's OREO 和 Snicker's 在內地製產品, 並安排退款 Citysuper 亦表示, 已停售中國製的 M&M's 及 Snicker's 產品, 但 OREO 產品是經日本進口則不會停售 一款奶片再驗出含毒 食環署稱, 當局正與印尼當局聯絡, 並會覆檢產品 政府問題奶品專家小組成員陳恩強表示, 印尼檢測結果 高得離奇, 對人體影響甚大, 希望企業可自行進行奶類產品測試 另外, 食物安全中心昨日公布新一輪奶類產品樣本檢測三聚氰胺的結果, 再次發現利誠干吃奶片兩個樣本超標 中心發言人稱, 已知會業界停售, 如有足夠證據, 考慮提出檢控 145

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