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14 (11) Marrying during a Period of Mourning, Marrying a Brothers Widow and Legal Practices in the Late Qing Dynasty W ang Zhiqiang 105 The aut hor examines t he prevalence of t he practice of getting married during a period of mourning and marrying a brothers widow in relation to the laws of the state. Local gazetteers and related his2 torical sources show t hat t he practices were widespread t hroughout t he count ry, alt hough conditions differed slightly from place to place. On the basis of investigations into individual cases, the author suggests that the authorities at all levels and the communities based their actions on their own interests and on realistic conditions. Different social st rata t herefore adopted different attit udes, which never2 t heless influenced one anot her. (12) The Growing up of a Ne w Generation : The Social ization of Chinese Only2child Teen2agers and Its Outcome Feng Xiaotian 118 Using data from large2scale surveys and children of the same age who were not only children as a reference group, the author compares the teen2agersanswers to a questionnaire with those of their parents in order to analyze the socialization process of the first generation of Chinese urban only2chil2 dren in terms of their disposition, life skills, social interactions, social standards, orientation in life, social role and self awareness. The research demonstrated that, on the whole, the socialization of ur2 ban only2child teen2agers is normal, and that they have more points in common with children of the same age who are not only children than differences. Based on the findings from the research, the au2 thor proposes the concepts ofwearing down and assimilation, thecritical age of variation, and the compensations of social interaction. (13) Family Relations : The Weakening of Rituals and Strengthening of Affa irs Related to Interests2The Rationalization of Familial Activities in Rural Areas of Contemporary Northern China Tang J un 132 Based on case studies conducted in northern China which focused on changes since 1949 in the be2 havior of a specific rural family, the Yun family, in relation to the chihu (a feast involving the whole clan after a ritual) and moving house, the author portrays the evolution of rural family relations in northern China. The studies reveal that the weakening of rituals and strengthening in affairs related to interests reflect the structural transformation of the family as a formal unit into an informal unit in ru2 ral areas. In terms of function, this also reflects the fact that the clan has been changing from a unit t hat satisfies mainly psychological and ideological needs to one t hat satisfies mainly utilitarian needs. These changes epitomize the increased rationalization among rural clans in north China, not only the rationalization of values, but also in terms of inst rumental rationalization. (14) Cultural Studies : The West and China Jin Y uanpu Tao Dongf eng Chen Xiaoming Zhou Xian Yin Hong 141 Cultural studies and criticism have gained a strong momentum and taken on a completely new face in the field of the humanities in China at the turn of the century, creating the potential for academic innovation. However, at the same time there is still a tendency to adopt Western cultural theories in2 discriminately and to ignore t he organic f usion and benign interaction between Western cult ural t heo2 ries and Chinese realities, which has led to serious drawbacks in Chinese cult ural st udies. These essays focus on t he relationships between Western cult ural t heories and local conditions in China. 208

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38 1 2014 1 Vol. 38No. 1 January 2014 51 Population Research 2010 2010 2010 65 100028 Changing Lineal Families with Three Generations An Analysis of the 2010 Census Data Wang Yuesheng Abstract In contemporary