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1 : 3 : 2004,,,( ), ( ) ;, ; :,, 2004,,,,,,,, (Localization economies) ;,, (Urbanization economies) ( Hoover, 1936) (Marshall, 1920),(Marshallian externalities),(jacobs externalities), (Jacobs, 1961,1969) 3,, :610074, edu. cn ;,, :100029, nus. edu. sg (2007) 112

2 (Abdel2Rahman and Fujita, 1990) ; (Nakamura, 2005),,,,,, (1920) : (1) : ; ; (2) ; (3) Henderson (1974), Porter (1998),, : (1) ( ) ; (2),, (Malizia and Ke, 1993) ; (3) (Statistical economies) :, ; (4), ; (5),,(1969),,,,,, Glaeser (1992),,,,Henderson (2003),,,,Shefer (1973) ;Segal (1976) Sveikauskas (1975) ; Sveikauskas (1988) ;Moomaw(1986),, Fu (2007) 1990,,, Quigley (1998) Duranton Puga (2000) Rosenthal Strange (2004) (1996) (Technological externalities), (Pecuniary externalities) ;, 113

3 : (2004) (2006), (2007), Batisse (2002) Gao (2004) :, ; (2006) Glaeser (1992) , Glaeser (1992),,, Pan Zhang(2002) 1995,,,, ;,,,,,, (1), (Henderson, 1997),, ; (Jacobs, 1961) ; (Abdel2Rahman and Fujita, 1990),,,,,, :,,, (2) (Jacobs, 1961), ;,,, (Chinitz,1961 ;Duranton and Puga,2000), :, 114

4 ;, (3),,Moomaw (1986),Segal (1976) Sveikauskas (1988),,,, (Chinitz, 1961),,,, (Barro and Sala2I2Martin, 2004, 4 ),, (4),,;,, (Arnott, 2004),,, 2004,, ;, 2004, ( ) : (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; (4) 20,20,,241,,2004 (1 ),

5 : ( ) : (1) :200 ; (2) : ; (3) : ; (4) :20 50 ; (5) :20,115, 76, 30, 20,,, m i j : Y ijm = f ( L ijm ) K 1- ijml ijm g ( j L 1 jm,, j L ijm ), (1) j Y ijm m i j, K ijm L ijm,f ( ), ; g ( ), (Hicksπ neutrality) (1) : ln Y ijm = + X ijm + M im + J m + i + j + m + ijm, (2) ln Y ijm m i j, X ijm, M im m i, ; J m m, ; i, j m ; ijm, ;,,, i,, E ( X ijm m ) 0,,,,,,,, E( J m j ) 0, E( M im j ) 0,, ( ) ( ),,,,,, : (1)Ln (Asset),, ; (2)Ln ( Employee) :, ; ; ;

6 (3) Age :, 2004 ; (4) Age 2 :, ; (5) ,,, ; (6) Avedu :,,; (7),23 ( ) 10 ( ) 4 ( ) 3 () 4,2,13 43,31 : (1) Induavedu :,,, (Moretti, 2004),,,, (2) Specialization :,, 2005,,,, ( ),,, : (1) Ln (Pop) : ( ), ; (2) Diversity :,: Theil (Malizia and Ke, 1993) 1 ( Herfindahl), : Diversity m = 1 - i e 2 im, (3) e im m i,, 1 ;,, 0 ( http :ΠΠwww. stats. gov. cnπzgjjpcπpcfaπ),:,,0184,, Henderson (2003) ( Plant),, Plant, 117

7 : 0 1,,19 (),, - HuberΠWhite, ( ) : 1 1 (2) 1,,,,,,, ;, (Avedu) %,,,, 1 4 InduAvedu, ( ) 0121,7 %, Specialization,, 1104,1 %,, 1104 % Ln (Pop), Diversity,0199,1 %,Diversity 0108, 8 % (), 1, Diversity, (Diversity 0127),,,,,,,, 1 3 4,, 3, 2, STATA areg cluster 118

8 ,Henderson (2003) 1 5 6,,,,, ( 616 %), 1 :,,, : 1 :, ( ) 2 1 4, (),Specialization %,,,,,,,,,, (215) Jacobs, : 2 :,, ; ; ( ) (1961) 3 ( ) 3 1, ; 2 ; 3, ;,,,:,, (Outsourcing) (Ono, 2003), 14 % 10 % 20, 317 % 20,,,,, (Rosenthal and Strange, 2003),, Henderson (2003) 119

9 :, 1 ( ) Ln(Asset) (13012) (13114) (13016) (3716) (12813) (3513) Ln( Employee) (11719) (11113) (11715) (3516) (11112) (5214) Age (2418) (2417) (2419) (017) (2319) (916) Age ( ) ( ) ( ) ( - 319) ( ) ( ) (018) (110) (016) (117) (015) (016) Avedu (516) (515) (510) (612) (517) (216) InduAvedu (118) (119) (118) (019) (015) (112) Specialization (318) (414) (317) (315) (516) ( - 311) Ln(Pop) (514) (310) (515) (015) (515) (111) Diversity (914) (719) (914) (211) (916) ( - 012) R : () t % 5 % 10 %, : 3 :, ;, ( ) (1961), 4 :, ;,

10 , InduAvedu ( - 019) (314) (110) (118) (118) Specialization (418) (319) (018) (110) (318) Ln(Pop) (412) ( - 113) ( - 218) (013) (514) Diversity (417) ( - 114) (617) (513) (914) R : () 1, t % 5 % 10 % 3 1 ( < 300) 2 ( ) 3 ( 2000) 4 InduAvedu (117) ( - 013) ( - 015) (118) Specialization (313) (419) (213) (318) Ln(Pop) (514) (419) (211) (514) Diversity (919) ( - 012) ( - 115) (914) R : () 1, t % 5 % 10 % 4 :,, ; 4 :,,, 4,, 121

11 : InduAvedu ( - 112) (313) (019) (118) (117) Specialization (511) (318) (013) (110) (313) Ln(Pop) (412) ( - 113) ( - 310) (016) (514) Diversity (418) ( - 111) (616) (511) (919) R InduAvedu (011) (113) ( - 112) ( - 113) ( - 013) Specialization (011) (212) (410) (216) (419) Ln(Pop) (018) ( - 114) (118) ( - 411) (419) Diversity ( - 111) ( - 311) (114) (310) ( - 012) R InduAvedu ( - 015) ( - 212) ( - 010) (015) ( - 015) Specialization (010) (218) (017) ( - 017) (213) Ln(Pop) (011) (017) (017) ( - 114) (211) Diversity (012) ( - 119) (018) (0176) ( - 115) R : () 1, t % 5 % 10 % : 4 :,

12 ; 50 ; 4,,,, ;,, : (1),, (2) 3, (3), Theil e im ln (1Πe im ) i Diversity 0197,,,,,,, (Robust),,,,;(Duranton and Puga, 2001),,, 2004,, :,,,,, ;, :,, Duranton Puga (2000),,, 123

13 :, ;,,,,,,,,Hong (2007),,,,,,, ( Florida, 2005),,,,,,,,,2004 :,4,2006 :, 11,2006 : :,4,2007 :, 6 3,1996 :,3 Abdel2Rahman, Hesham and Masahisa Fujita, 1990, Product Variety, Marshallian Externalities, and City Sizes, Journal of Regional Science 30, Arnott, Richard, 2004, Does the Henry George Theorem Provide a Practical Guide to Optimal City Size? American Journal of Economics and Sociology 63, Batisse, C cile, 2002, Dynamic Externalities and Local Growth : A Panel Data Analysis Applied to Chinese Provinces, China Economic Review 13, Barro, Robert and Xavier Sala2I2Martin, 2004, Economic Growth, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Chinitz, Benjamin, 1961, Contrasts in Agglomeration : New York and Pittsburgh, American Economic Review 51, Duranton, Gilles and Diego Puga, 2000, Diversity and Specialization in Cities : Why, Where and When Does It Matter? Urban Studies 37, Duranton, Gilles and Diego Puga, 2001, Nursery Cities : Urban Diversity, Process Innovation, and the Life Cycle of Products, American Economic Review 91, Florida, Richard, 2005, Cities and the Creative Class, Routledge, New York. Fu, Shihe, 2007, Smart Caf Cities : Testing Human Capital Externalities in the Boston Metropolitan Area, Journal of Urban Economics 61, Gao, Ting, 2004, Regional Industrial Growth : Evidence From Chinese Industries, Regional Science and Urban Economics 34, Glaeser, Edward, Hedi Kallal, Jose Scheinkman and Andrei Shleifer, 1992, Growth in Cities, Journal of Political Economy 100, 1126 Henderson, Vernon, 1974, The Sizes and Types of Cities, American Economic Review 64, Henderson, Vernon, 1997, Medium Size Cities, Journal of Urban Economics 27,

14 Henderson, Vernon, 2003, Marshallπs Scale Economies, Journal of Urban Economics 53, Hong, Junjie, 2007, Firm2Specific Effects on Location Decisions of Foreign Direct Investment in Chinaπs Logistics Industry, Regional Studies 41, Hoover, Edgar, 1936, Location Theory and the Shoe and Leather Industries, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Jacobs, Jane, 1961, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Vintage Books, New York. Jacobs, Jane, 1969, The Economy of Cities, Vintage Books, New York. Malizia, Emil and Shanzi Ke, 1993, The Influence of Economic Diversity on Unemployment and Stability, Journal of Regional Science 33, Marshall, Alfred, 1920, Principles of Economics, 8 th edition, Macmillan & Co., London. Moomaw, Ronald, 1986, Have Changes in Localization Economies Been Responsible For Declining Productivity Advantage in Large Cities? Journal of Regional Science 26, Moretti, Enrico, 2004, Workersπ Education, Spillovers, and Productivity : Evidence From Plant2Level Production Functions, American Economic Review 94, Nakamura, Ryohei, 2005, Agglomeration Economies and Linkage Externalities in Urban Manufacturing Industries : A Case of Japanese Cities, Okayama University Working Paper Ono, Yukako, 2003, Outsourcing Business Services and the Role of Central Administrative Offices, Journal of Urban Economics 53, 377 Pan, Zuohong and Fan Zhang, 2002, Urban Productivity in China, Urban Studies 39, Porter, Michael, 1998, Clusters and the New Economics of Competition, Harvard Business Review, Nov.2Dec., Quigley, John, 1998, Urban Diversity and Economic Growth, Journal of Economic Perspective 12, Rosenthal, Stuart and William Strange, 2003, Geography, Industrial Organization, and Agglomeration, Review of Economics and Statistics 85, Rosenthal, Stuart and William Strange, 2004, Evidence on the Nature and Sources of Agglomeration Economies, in : Vernon Henderson and Jacques2Francois Thisse (eds), Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics IV, Segal, David, 1976, Are There Returns to Scale in City Size? Review of Economics and Statistics 58, Shefer, Daniel, 1973, Localization Economies in SMSAs : A Production Function Analysis, Journal of Regional Science 13, Sveikauskas, Leo, 1975, The Productivity of Cities, Quarterly Journal of Economics 89, Sveikauskas, Leo, John Gowdy and Michael Funk, 1988, Urban Productivity : City Size or Industry Size? Journal of Regional Science 28, Firm Size, City size, and Agglomeration Economies Evidence from China Manufacturing Census Fu Shihe and Hong Junjie (Southwestern University of Finance and Economics ; University of International Business and Economics) Abstract :This paper uses the 2004 China manufacturing census data and studies from what types of agglomeration economies firms of different sizes can benefit in cities of different sizes. The empirical results demonstrate that, after controlling for human capital externalities and city size effect, small firms benefit strongly from Marshallian externalities (localization economies) in medium and large cities, and Jacobs externalities (urbanization economies) in extra2large and super2large cities ; medium firms benefit strongly from Marshallian externalities in large, extra2large, and super2large cities, but benefit from Jacobs externalities only at super2large cities ; large firms do not benefit from Jacobs externalities even in extra2large and super2large cities. Key Words :Firm Size ; City Size ; Agglomeration Economies ; Marshallian Externalities ; Jacobs Externalities JEL Classification :L60, R12, R30 ( : ) (: ) 125

Rauch JE SMSAs 10 Glaeser Scheinkman Shleiferll 11 Henderson 12 Moretti 13 Zhang D Wu F 14 Abel

Rauch JE SMSAs 10 Glaeser Scheinkman Shleiferll 11 Henderson 12 Moretti 13 Zhang D Wu F 14 Abel 2016 3 15 JOURNAL OF SOUTH CHINA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION a b a a. b. 400715 2009 ~ 2014 31 SDM 96. 26% F323. 6 A 1672-0202 2016 03-0063 - 13 1-2 20 70 1978 1984 2. 9% 7. 7% 134 355